adulta aetate pro certo creditur, necato filio, vacuam domum scelestis nuptiis fecisse. Quae quidem res mihi in primis videtur caussa fuisse faci noris maturandi. Namque animus impurus, dis hominibusque infestus, neque vigiliis, neque quie tibus sedari poterat ; ita conscientia mentem excitam Pvastabat. Igitur colos exsanguis, foedi oculi, citus modo, modo tardus incessus; prorsus in facie vultuque vecordia inerat.

XVI. SED juventutem, quam, ut supra diximus, illexerat, multis modis mala facinora edocebat. Ex illis testes signatoresque falsos commodare; fidem, fortunas, pericula vilia habere; post, ubi corum famam atque pudorem attriverat, majora alia imperabat: si caussa peccandi in praesens minus suppetebat, nihilo minus insontes, sicuti sontes, circumvenire, jugulare: scilicet, ne per otium torpescerent 'manus aut animus, gratuito potíus Inalus atque crudelis erat. His amicis sociisque confisus Catilina, simul quod aes alienum per omnis terras ingens erat, et quod plerique Sullani milites, largius suo usi, rapinarum et victoriae veteris memores, civile bellum "exoptabant; 'opprimundae reipublicae consilium cepit. In Italia nullus exercitus: Cn. Pompeius in extremis "terris

p Vastabat. A more emphatical word than vexabat, which is the reading in some editions.

q Colos. Or color, honos or honor, labos or labor, &c.

r Facie vultuque. Facies applies to the features, vultus to the expression of the countenance.

s Circumvenire, jugulare. Are governed by imperabat.

t Manus. The nominative plural.

u Exoptabant. Earnestly desired: such is the force of the preposition ex in composition.

v Opprimunda. An archaism for opprimenda. The use of the u for e in the gerunds and futures of the participles passive will often occur.

w Terris. Terre in the plural signifies both lands and the earth, By extremis terris are here meant Pontus and Armenia.

bellum gerebat: ipsi consulatum petundi magna spes senatus nihil sane intentus: tutae tranquillaeque res omnes: sed ea prorsus opportuna Catilinae.

:

XVII. IGITUR circiter Kaiendas Junias, L. Cæsare et C. Figulo consulibus, primo singulos adpellare hortari alios, alios tentare: opes suas, imparatam rempublicam, magna praemia conjuratio nis docere. Ubi satis explorata sunt, quae voluit, in unum omnis convocat, quibus maxuma cessitudo, et plurimum audaciae. Eo convenere, senatorii ordinis, P. Lentulus Sura, P. Autronius, L. Cassius Longinus, C. Cethegus, P. et Servius Sullae, Servii filii, L. Vargunteius, Q. Annius, M. Portius Laeca, L. Bestia, Q. Curius: praeterea *ex.

ne

x L. Cæsare, &c. In the year of the city 690, and 62 years before the Christian æra.

y Necessitudo. Here signifies necessity; more commonly a friendly connection.

z Senatorii ordinis. Among the Romans there were three ranks of citizens: senators, equites or knights, and plebes, or common people. One hundred senators were originally selected out of the whole people; three by each of the thirty curia, three by each of the three tribes, and one by Romulus. These were called patres, either from their age, or the nature of their charge, and their descendents patrici. One hundred more were chosen from among the Sabines, when Tatius, their king, was admitted to share the sovereignty with Romulus. Yet according to Livy, there were but one hundred in the whole at the death of Romulus. Tullus Hostilius increased their number after the destruction of Alba; Tarquinius Priscus added one hundred more so that the whole number to the time of Sylla consisted of about three hundred. After the expulsion of Tarquinius Superbus, Brutus selected proper characters to supply the place of those who had been destroyed by Tarquin, whose names were enrolled with the remaining senators, and hence they were together called patres conscripti. The equites did not originally form a distinct order: they were three hundred young men, one hundred selected from each tribe, and distinguished for their rank, wealth, and accomplishments, appointed to guard the person of Romulus and to serve the state on horseback. They were afterwards, on account of the corruption of the senate, appointed judges; and they were also the farmers of

equestri ordine, M. Fulvius Nobilior, L. Statilius, P. Gabinius Capito, C. Cornelius ad hoc multi ex acoloniis et municipiis, domi nobiles. Erant praeterea complures paullo occultius consilii hujusce participes nobiles, quos magis dominationis spes hortabatur, quam inopia, aut alia necessitudo. Ceterum juventus pleraque, sed maxume nobilium, Catilinae inceptis favebat: quibus in otio vel magnifice, vel molliter vivere copia erat, incerta pro certis, bellum, quam pacem, malebant. Fuere item ea tempestate, qui crederent M. Licinium Crassum non ignarum ejus consilii fuis: e; quia Cn. Pompeius, invisus ipsi, magnum exercitum ductabat, cujusvis opes voluisse contra illius potentiam crescere; simul confisum, si conjuratio valuisset, facile apud illos principem se fore.

XVIII. SED antea item conjuravere pauci contra rempublicam, in quibus Catilina; de qua, quam verissume potero, dicam. L. Tullo, M. Lepido consubius, P. Autronius et P. Sulla,

the public revenue, and in that station called publicani. The body of the people was denominated plebs, or plebes. Besides these three orders, there was always a great number of slaves in the Roman territory.

a Coloniis & municipis. The Romans, to aid in preserving the fidelity of conquered nations, sent among them colonies of their own citizens. Municipia were towns in conquered countries, composed originally of Roman citizens, who for their fidelity and good conduct, munera civium Romanorum ceperunt, were admitted to the privileges of Roman citizens.

b Nobiles This word is omitted in some editions, though it seems necessary to the sense.

c Qua, Conjuratione being understood. Other editions have quo, referring to the whole sentence, as an antecedent.

d P. Autronius & P. Sulla. After these words in other editions are inserted designati consules, which seem necessary to a clear understanding of the author's meaning. The consuls were chosen the latter end of July, or beginning of August, and were then denominated designati; though they did not enter upon their offices till the first of January.

au

legibus ambitus interrogati, poenas dederant. Post paullo Catilina, pecuniarum repetundarum reus, prohibitus erat consulatum petere, quod intra legitimos dies profiteri nequiverit. Erat eodem tempore Cn. Piso, adolescens nobilis, summae daciae, egens, factiosus, quem ad perturbandam rempublicam inopia atque mali mores stimulabant. Cum hoc. Catilina et Autronius, consilio communicato, parabant in Capitolio, Kalendis Januariis, L. Cottam et L. Torquatum consules interficere ; ipsi, fascibus correptis, Pisonem cum exercitu ad obtinendas duas "Hispanias mittere. Ea re cognita, rursus in Nonas Februarias consilium caedis itranstulerant. Jam tum non consulibus modo, sed plerisque senatoribus perniciem machinabantur.

e Autronius. After this word are inserted in some editions cir citer nonas decembr.

f Kalendis, or Calendis. From the old verb calo, originating from the Greek xaλe voco. The first day of every month was called the Calends; because, being the first day of the moon, or the day of new moon, it was necessary for the priests, who had the charge of the Calendar, to have the first day of the month publicly proclaimed to the people. The nones were so called beCause there were nine days, counting inclusively, between them and the ides, which were so named from the old verb iduare, to divide, because they nearly divided the month. The nones of the months of March, May, July, and October, fell on the 7th, and the ides on the 15th day of the month. In the other months the nones fell on the 5th, and the ides on the 13th. The Romans counted backwards: the day before the calends, nones and ides being called pridie Calendas, nonas, idus, ante being understood; and the day preceding that, tertius Kalendas, &c. The word Kalende is the only Latin word, except proper names, in which ke is used. The Greeks divided their months very differently from the Romans.

g Fascibus. The fasces were a bundle of rods with an axe tied in the middle of them, which were carried before the kings, and afterwards before the consuls, as an emblem of their power.

h Hispanias. Hither and thither Spain, called by the Romans Citerior & Ulterier.

i Transtulerant. In other editions transtulerunt, which seems preferable.

Quod ni Catilina maturasset pro curia signum sociis dare, eo die, post conditam urbem Romanam, pessumum facinus patratum foret. Quia nondum frequentes armati convenerant, ea res consilium

diremit.

XIX. POSTEA PISO in citeriorem Hispaniam Iquaestor pro praetore missus est, adnitente Crasso, quod eum infestum minimicum Cn. Pompeio cognoverat. Neque tamen senatus provinciam invitus dederat quippe foedum hominem a republica procul "esse volebat: simul, quia boni quam plures praesidium in eo putabant: et jam tum potentia Cn. Pompeii formidolosa erat. Sed is Piso, in provinciam, ab equitibus Hispanis, quos in exercitu ductabat, iter faciens, occisus est. Sunt qui ita dicunt, imperia ejus injusta, superba, crudelia, barbaros nequivisse pati: alii autem, equites illes, Cn. Pompeii veteres fidosque clientes, voluntate ejus Pisonem adgressos; numquam Hispanos Ppraeterea tale facinus fecisse, sed imperia saeva multa

k Pro curia. Before the senate house, or place where the se

nate met.

1 Quæstor pro prætore. With prætorian power. The quæstors had charge of the public money, and of its disbursement, and of the share of the plunder taken by the army, which belonged to the public; for which reason one attended every army. It was the lowest office that gave admission into the senate. The prætors superintended the courts of justice; they were also sent out as governors of provinces, and of course commanded armies.

m Inimicum. An inveterate enemy. To some editors inimicum after infestum has appeared superfluous, and is, therefore, omitted.

n Esse. In some editions abesse.

o Adgressos. An archaism for aggressos; so adpellare afterwards for appellare. Adgressos esse is governed by equites, horsemen, who, according to Sallust, were old and faithful adherents of Pompey.

p Præterea, In any other instance.