me premunt, aerumnas cum anima simul amisisti. At ego infelix, in tanta mala praecipitatus zex patrio regno, rerum humanarum spectaculum praebeo, incertus quid agam; tuasne injurias persequar, ipse auxilii egens, an regno consulam, cujus vitae necisque potestas ex opibus alienis pendet. Utinam emori fortunis meis honestus exitus esset, aneu vivere contemtus viderer, si, defessus malis, injuriae concessissem. Nunc neque vivere lubet, neque mori licet sine dedecore. Patres conscripti, per vos, liberos atque parentes, per majestatem populi R. subvenite misero mihi; ite obviam injuriae; nolite pati regnum Numidiae, quod vestrum est, per scelus et sanguinem familiae nostrae tabescere."

XV. POSTQUAM rex finem loquendi, fecit, legati Jugurthae largitione magis, quam caussa freti, paucis respondent: "Hiempsalem ob saevitiam suam ab Numidis interfectum : Adherbalem ultao bellum inferentem, postquam superatus sit, queri, quod injuriam facere nequivisset: Jugurtham ab senatu petere, ne alium putarent, ac Numantiae cognitus esset, neu verba inimici ante facta sua ponerent." Deinde utrique curia egrediuntur. Senatus statim consulitur: fautores legatorum, praeterea magna pars, gratia depravati, Adherbalis dicta contem

z Ex. In some editions ex is preceded by pulsus, which, however, is not necessary to the sense.

a Neu. In some editions we find ne, which does not appear so elegant.

b Contemtus. An archaism for contemptus.

c Neque. Some editions read neque quoniam, and the sentence is only completed at the close of Adherbal's speech.

d Liberos. This word is preceded by per in some editions, and this repetition seems to add a degree of elegance to the expression.

e Depravati. Referring to senatores, and not to pars; a mode of construction usual with Sallust. Other editions have depre

nere, Jugurthae virtutem extollere laudibus; gratia, voce, denique omnibus modis pro alieno scelere et flagitio, sua quasi pro gloria, nitebantur. At contra pauci, quibus bonum et aequum divitiis fcarius, subveniundum Adherbali, et Hiempsalis mortem severe vindicandam censebant: sed ex omnibus maxume Aemilius Scaurus, homo nobilis, impiger, factiosus, avidus potentiae, honoris, divitiarum; ceterum vitia sua caffide occultans. Is postquam videt regis largitionem famosam impudentemque, veritus, quod in tali re solet, ne polluta licentia invidiam accenderet, animum a consueta lubidine continuit.

XVI. VICIT tamen in senatu pars illa, quit

vero pretium aut gratiam anteferebant. Decretum fit, UTI DECEM LEGATI REGNUM, QUOD MICIPSA OBTINUERAT, INTER JUGURTHAM ET ADHERBALEM DIVIDERENT: cujus legationis princeps fuit L. Opimus, homo clarus, et tum in senatu potens ; quia consul, C. Gracco et M. Fulvio Flacco interfectis, acerrume victoriam nobilitatis in plebem exercuerat. Eum Jugurtha tametsi Romae inamicis habuerat, tamen adcuratissume recepit: dando

f Carius. Agreeing with aequum, the last of the preceding substantives.

g Subveniundum. An archaism for subveniendum.

h Polluta licentia. Scandalous licentiousness; liberty abused. i Qui. Referring to senatorum understood. Some other editions have que, agreeing with pars.

k Caio Gracco. Tiberius Gracchus, tribune of the people, A. U. 620, got a law passed, called an Agrarian law prohibiting any person from possessing more than 500 acres of land; and for distributing the surplus among the poorer citizens. This law produced much dissension and confusion, was never executed, and cost the proposer his life. C. Gracchus, supported by his colleague, M. Fulvius Flaccus, pursued the footsteps of his brother Tiberius. Both of them suffered a violent death,

Victoriam. In some editions vindictam.

m. Adcuratissumé. Very respectfully, very ceremoniously. Some editions have curatissime. It is perhaps superfluous to

RA

et pollicitando perfecit, uti fama, fide, postremo omnibus suis rebus commodum regis anteferret. Reliquos legatos eadem via adgressus, plerosque capit: paucis carior fides, quam pecunia fuit. In divisione, quae pars Numidiae Mauretanian. adtingit, agro, viris opulentior, Jugurthae traditur : Pillam alteram specie, quam usu, potiorem, quae portuosior et aedificiis magis exornata erat, Adherbal possedit.

XVII. RES postulare videtur Africae situm paucis exponere, et eas gentis, quibuscum nobis bellum, aut amicitia fuit, adtingere. Sed quae loca et nationes ob calorem, aut asperitatem, item solitudines minus frequentata sunt, de îs haud facile compertum narraverim: cetera quam paucissumis absolvam. In divisione orbis terrae plerique rin partem tertiam Africam posuere : spauci tantummodo Asiam et Europam esse; sed Africam in

observe again that adcuratissime is an archaism for accuratissime.

n Fama, fide. Some consider these as datives for famia, fidei; but though genitives in ai are not unfrequent, the dative of this form is very rare. Others think fama, fide are ablatives, and produce a similar construction in Cicero's oration for Balbus libertatem civitate anteferrent. Others read fame et fide: datives in e having been common among the ancients.

o Mauretaniam. The kingdoms of Fez and Morocco compre. hend the whole country of Mauretania truly and properly so called, and divided into Tingitana, and Sitifensis. Cæsariensis belonged to Numidia, and was not accounted to Mauretania, tilt after the death of Jugurtha, when it was given to Bocchus in reward of his treachery.

p Illam. Used for the definite article.

q Huud facile, &c. I cannot easily speak with certainty.

In partem. Some editions have in parte. A peculiar phraseology for Africam tertiam partem fecerunt.

$ Pauci, &c. This phraseology is ambiguous. The meaning is pauci duas esse partes voluerunt, scil. Asiam et Europam, &c. They divided the earth into two parts, Asia and Europe, and comprehended Africa in Europe.

Ad

Europa. Ea finis habet, ab occidente, 'fretum nostrimaris et oceani; ab ortu solis, "declivem latitudinem, quem locum "Catabathmon incolae adpellant. Mare saevum, importuosum ager frugum fertilis, bonus pecori, arbori infecundus coelo, terra, penuria aquarum. Genus hominum salubri corpore, velox, patiens laborum plerosque senectus dissolvit, nisi qui ferro, aut "bestiis interiere: nam morbus haud saepe quemquam superat. hoc, malefici generis plurima animalia. mortales initio Africam habuerint, quique postea accesserint, aut quomodo inter se permixti sint ; quamquam ab ea fama, quae plerosque obtinet, diversum est; tamen, uti ex libris Punicis, qui regis Hiempsalis dicebantur, interpretatum nobis est, utique rem sese habere cultores ejus terrae putant, quam paucissumis dicam. Ceterum fides ejus rei penes

auctores erit.

Sed qui

XVIII. AFRICAM initio habuere Gaetuli et Li

t Fretum, &c. By fretum here must be meant the fretum Gaditanum or Herculeum, the straits of Gibraltar. By nostri maris is to be understood the Mediterranean sea, to which the Romans claimed a right, as being almost enclosed by their dominions. By oceani is meant the Atlantic ocean. Fretum maris, &c. the strait between our sea and the ocean. Sallust's geography will not bear a critical examination.

u Declivem latitudinem

-Catabathmon. A wide or large tract or valley sloping towards Egypt; hence called Catabathmos, a Greek word signifying descent. This description does not ac cord with the present boundaries of Africa, which reaches to the Red Sea, and includes Egypt.

v Mare sævum, &c. A boisterous sea without harbours.

w Bestiis. In some editions a bestiis. The reading in the textis preferable.

x Malefici, &c. Serpents, lions, byænas, tigers, &c.

-y Fides ejus, &c. Let the authors of this account be responsi ble for its credibility. Its credit must rest with the authors.

z Getuli. A wandering set of people living in the interior of Africa, to whom different authors assign different places of resi dence.

a Libyes. Libya was a part of Africa, from which the whole

byes, asperi, inculti; quis cibus erat caro ferina atque humi pabulum, uti pecoribus. Hi neque moribus, neque lege, neque imperio cujusquam regebantur: vagi, palantes, qua nox coëgerat, fedes habebant. Sed, postquam in Hispania Hercules, sicuti Afri putant, interiit, exercitus ejus, compositus ex variis gentibus, amisso duce, ac passim multis, sibi equique, imperium petentibus, brevi dilabitur. Ex eo numero Medi, «Persae et Armenii, navibus in Africam transvecti, prox

was frequently denominated. It was distinguished by different additions, according to the part of the country intended to be described: Marmarica, which had Egypt on, the east, Cyrene on the west, part of the Mediterranean on the north, and Ethiopia superior on the south; Libya interior, which bad mount Atlas on the north, Barbary and Cyrenaica on the east, Libya, Marmarica, and part of Ethiopia superior, or the Abyssinian empire on the south, Ethiopia inferior, Negroland, and the Atlantic ocean on the west, &c. There is nothing in our author positively to determine what people he intended by the name Libyes.

b Neque. In some éditions, instead of neque, we find aut, very improperly.

c Qua. In some editions quas, refering to sedes.

d Hercules. There were many of this name, all whose achievements were attributed to one.

e Quique. In the ablative, the same with quoque. Some editions have quisque.

f Medi. Media, bounded on the east by Parthia, and part of Hyrcania, on the west by Armenia major, and part of Assyria, on the north by the Caspian sea, and a part of Armenia major, now included in Georgia, on the south by Persia.

g Persa. Persia was bounded east by India, west by Media, Assyria, and Chaldæa, north by Tartary, and south by the ocean. h Armenii. Armenia was distinguished into major and mi nor: the former bounded east by Media, and part of the Caspian sea, west by the Euphrates, which divides it from Arme nia minor, north by Colchis or Mingrelia, and south by Meso potamia, and part of Assyria. Armenia minor, a part of Ana tolia, or Asia minor, and bounded east by the Euphrates, which separates it from Armenia major, south by mount Taurns, which divides it from Cilicia, west and north by a chain of hills,