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§ 13. THE GENEALOGIES.1

MATT. I. 1—17.* The book of the generation of Je- 38 sus Christ, the Son of David, the 37 son of Abraham.3

LUKE III. 23-38, inverted.

The son of God, the son of Adam, the son of Seth, the son of Enos, the son of Cainan, the son of Maleleel, the son of Jared, the son of Enoch, 36 the son of Mathusala, the son of Lamech, the son of Noe, the son of Sem, the son of Arphaxad, the son of 35 Cainan, the son of Sala, the son of Heber, the son of 34 Phalec, the son of Ragau, the son of Saruch, the son of Nachor, the son of Thara, the son of Abraham, the son of Isaac, the son of Jacob, the son of Juda, the son of Phares, the son of Esrom, the son of Aram, the son of Aminadab, the son

2 Abraham begat Isaac; and Isaac begat Jacob; and Jacob begat Judas 33 3 and his brethren; and Judas begat

Phares and Zara of Thamar; and Phares begat Esrom; and Esrom 4 begat Aram; and Aram begat Ami- 32 nadab; and Aminadab begat Naasson; and Naasson begat Salmon; 5 and Salmon begat Booz of Rachab; and Booz begat Obed of Ruth; and 6 Obed begat Jesse; and Jesse begat 31 David the king;

And David the king begat Solomon of her that had been the wife of 30 7 Urias; and Solomon begat Robo

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am; and Roboam begat Abia; and 8 Abia begat Asa; and Asa begat Josaphat; and Josaphat begat Jo9 ram; and Joram begat Ozias; and Ozias begat Joatham; and Joatham 29 begat Achaz; and Achaz begat 10 Ezekias; and Ezekias begat Manas

ses; and Manasses begat Amon; 28 11 and Amon begat Josias; and Josias begat Jechonias and his brethren, about the time they were carried away to Babylon.

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And after they were brought to Babylon, Jechonias begat Salathiel; 13 and Salathiel begat Zorobabel; and 26 Zorobabel begat Abiud; and Abiud begat Eliakim; and Eliakim begat 14 Azor; and Azor begat Sadoc; and 25 Sadoc begat Achim; and Achim be15 gat Eliud; and Eliud begat Eleazar;

1 See the Note on this section in the Appendix. 2 The words which was the son are supplied in our version all through, and as such ought to be in italics. It would be better, however, to supply simply son of, and to understand it of Jesus, all through the list. This change is accordingly made in the text, especially because it facilitates the inversion of Luke's order.

3 Matthew, as writing particularly for Jews, traces our Lord's descent only to David and to Abraham; but Luke, as writing for Gentiles,

of Naasson, the son of Salmon, the son of Booz, the son of Obed, the son of Jesse, the son of David, the son of

Nathan, the son of Mattatha, the son of Menan, the son of Melea, the son

of Eliakim, the son of Jonan, the son
of Joseph, the son of Juda, the son of

Simeon, the son of Levi, the son of
Matthat, the son of Jorim, the son

of Eliezer, the son of Jose, the son of
Er, the son of Elmodam, the son of

Cosam, the son of Addi, the son of
Melchi, the son of Neri, the son of

Salathiel, the son of Zorobabel, the son of Rhesa, the son of Joanna, the son of Juda, the son of Joseph, the son of Semei, the son of Mattathias, the son of Maath, the son of Nagge, the son of Esli, the son of Naum, the son of Amos, the son of Mattathias, traces it rather to Adam. The two genealogies thus prove Jesus to be-1. The Son of David, who should, according to promise, sit on the throne of Israel (Isa. 9. 6, 7; Luke 1. 32; Acts 2. 30). 2. The Seed of Abraham, in whom all nations of the earth should be blessed, according to the covenant made with the father of the faithful (Gen. 22. 18; Gal. 3. 14-16). 3. The Son of man, or " the seed of the woman," who should bruise the serpent's head (Gen. 3. 15; Heb. 2. 14).

MATT. I.

and Eleazar begat Matthan; and 24 16 Matthan begat Jacob; and Jacob begat Joseph the husband of Mary, of whom was born Jesus, who is 23 called Christ.

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LUKE III.

the son of Joseph, the son of Janna, the son of Melchi, the son of Levi, the son of Matthat, the son of Heli, the son of Joseph,-And Jesus himself... being (as was supposed)—

So all the generations from Abraham to David are fourteen generations; and from David until the carrying away into Babylon are fourteen generations; and from the carrying away into Babylon unto Christ are fourteen generations.

PART II.

ANNOUNCEMENT AND INTRODUCTION OF OUR LORD'S
PUBLIC MINISTRY.

TIME: About one year.1

14. THE MINISTRY OF JOHN THE BAPTIST.2-The desert. The Jordan.

LUKE III. 1-18.

1 NOW in the fifteenth year of the reign of Tiberius Cæsar, Pontius Pilate being governor of Judea, and Herod being tetrarch of Galilee, and his brother Philip tetrarch of Iturea and of the region of Trachonitis, and Lysanias 2 the tetrarch of Abilene, Annas and Caiaphas being the high priests, the word

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of God came unto John the son of Zacharias in 3 the wilderness. And he came into all the country about Jordan, preaching the baptism of repentance for the 4 remission of sins; as it

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is written in the book of the words of Esaias the prophet, saying,* The voice of one crying in the wilderness, Prepare ye the way of the Lord, make his paths straight. Every valley shall be filled, and every mountain

2 The time of John's entering on his ministry, as specified in Luke 3. 1, 'is stated in the second paragraph of the Note to § 7, in the Appendix. 3 Mal. 3. 1; Isa. 40. 3. 4 Isa. 40. 3, sq.

MATT. III.

hair, and a leathern girdle about his loins; and his meat was locusts and wild honey. 5 Then went out to him Jerusalem, and all Judea, and all the region round about Jordan, 6 and were baptized of him in Jordan, confessing their sins.

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MATT. III.

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But when he saw many of the Pharisees and Sadducees come to his baptism, he said unto them, O generation of vipers, who hath warned you to flee from the wrath to come? 8 Bring forth therefore fruits meet for 9 repentance: and think not to say within yourselves, We have Abraham to our father: for I say unto you, that God is able of these stones to raise up children unto Abraham. 10 And now also the axe is laid unto the root of the trees: therefore every tree which bringeth not forth good fruit is hewn down, and cast into the fire.

MATT. III.

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LUKE III.

Then said he to the multitude that came forth to be baptized of him, O generation of vipers, who hath warned you to flee from the wrath to come? Bring forth therefore fruits worthy of repentance, and begin not to say within yourselves, We have Abraham to 'our father: for I say unto you, that God is able of these stones to raise up children unto Abraham. 9 And now also the axe is laid unto the root of the trees: every tree therefore which bringeth not_forth good fruit is hewn down, and cast 10 into the fire. And the people asked 11 him, saying, What shall we do then? He answereth and saith unto them, He that hath two coats, let him impart to him that hath none; and he that hath meat, let him do 12 likewise. Then came also publicans to be baptized, and 13 said unto him, Master, what shall we do? And he said unto them, Exact no more than that which is appointed 14 you. And the soldiers likewise demanded of him, saying, And what shall we do? And he said unto them, Do violence to no man, neither accuse any falsely; and be content with your wages.

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MARK I.

And as the people were in expectation, and all men mused in their hearts of John, whether he were the Christ, 16 or not; John answered, saying unto them all,3 I indeed baptize you with water; but one mightier than I cometh, the latchet of whose shoes I am not worthy to un

11 I indeed baptize you with water unto repentance: but he that

Comp. Isa. 20. 2; Zech. 13. 4.

7 And preached, saying,3
8 -I indeed have bap-
tized you with water;
7-There cometh one

2 The publicans (Teλ@vai) were farmers of the taxes imposed on the Jews by the Roman government. They were particularly odious to the people, who considered them as no better than traders in the slavery of their country, and moreover found them often abusing their office for the purpose of extortion (see Luke 19. 8).

3 There is a difference, here, in the words of the Baptist as quoted by the three Evangelists; so also in the utterance of the voice at Christ's baptism, Matt. 3. 17; Mark 1. 11; Luke 3. 22.

A like difference is seen in the four copies of the title on the cross, Matt. 27. 37; Mark 15. 26; Luke 23. 38; John 19. 19. And still more, in the solemn words of our Lord at the institution of the cup, Matt. 26. 28; Mark 14. 24; Luke 22. 20; 1 Cor. 11. 25. Similar varieties of expression in the different reports of the same language are found in the following passages, as well as very many others: Matt. 3. 11; Mark 1. 7; Luke 3. 16; John 1. 27.-Matt. 9. 11; Mark 5. 16; Luke 5. 30.-Matt. 15. 27; Mark 7. 28.-Matt. 16. 6-9; Mark 8. 17-19.-Matt. 20. 33; Mark 10. 51; Luke

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15 est thou to me? And Jesus answering said unto him, Suffer it to be so now for thus it becometh us to ful

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LUKE III. 21-23.

Now when all the people were baptized, it came to pass, that Jesus also being baptized,

and praying, the heaven was opened, and the Holy Ghost descended in a bodily shape like a dove upon him, and a voice came from heaven, which said, Thou art my beloved Son; in thee I am well pleased.

And Jesus himself began to be about thirty3 years of age.

§ 16. THE TEMPTATION.-Desert of Judea.

MATT. IV. 1-11.

Then was Jesus led 12 up of the spirit into

MARK I. 12, 13.

And immediately 1 the Spirit driveth him

18. 41.-Matt. 21. 9; Mark 11.9; Luke 19. 38.Matt. 26. 39; Mark 14. 36; Luke 22. 42.-Matt. 28. 5, 6; Mark 16. 6; Luke 24. 5, 6.-All these examples go only to show, that where the evangelists profess to record the expressions used by our Lord and others, they usually give them according to the sense, and not according to the letter. As Le Clerc expresses it; "Apostoli magis sententiam, quam locutiones, exprimere volunt;" Harm. p. 518.

LUKE IV. 1-13.

And Jesus being full of the Holy Ghost re

1 Acts 1. 5; 2. 2-4; 11. 15.

2 As to the time of the baptism, as indicated in Luke 3. 23, see Note to § 7, in the Appendix. 3 Comp. Num. 4. 3, 35, 39, 43, 47.

4 That the temptation of Jesus took place immediately after his baptism, appears from Mark 1. 12; and also from a comparison of John 1. 29, 35, 44.-According to Mark and Luke, Jesus was subjected to temptation during the forty days. Matthew and Luke specify three instances of

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the wilderness to be tempted of the devil. 2 And when he had fasted forty days and forty nights, he was afterward an hungred. 3 And when the tempter came to him, he said, If thou be the Son of God, command that these stones be 4 made bread. But he answered and said, It is written, Man shall not live by bread alone, but by every word that proceedeth out of the 5 mouth of God. Then the devil taketh him up into the holy city, and setteth him on a pinnacle of 6 the temple, and saith unto him, If thou be the Son of God, cast thyself down for it is written,' He 10 shall give his angels charge concerning thee: and in their hands they shall bear thee up, lest at any time thou dash thy foot against a 7 stone. Jesus said unto him, It is 12 written again,3

into the wilderness. 13 And he was there in the wilderness forty days, tempted of Satan; and was with the wild beasts; and the angels ministered unto him.

Thou shalt not 8 tempt the Lord thy God. Again, the devil taketh him up into an exceeding high mountain, and showeth him all the kingdoms of the 9 world, and the glory of them; and saith unto him, All these things will I give thee,

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LUKE IV.

turned from Jordan, and was led by the Spirit into the wilderness, being forty days tempted of the devil. And in those days he did eat nothing: and when they were ended, 3 he afterward hungered. And the devil said unto him, If thou be the Son of God, command this stone 4 that it be made bread. And Jesus answered him, saying, It is written,! That man shall not live by bread alone, but by every word of God. 9-And he brought him to Jerusalem, and set him on a pinnacle of the temple, and said unto him, If thou be the Son of God, cast thyself down from hence: for it is written,2 He shall give his angels charge over thee, to keep thee: and in their hands they shall bear thee up, lest at any time thou dash thy foot against a stone. And Jesus answering said unto him, It is said,3 Thou shalt not tempt the Lord thy God.-And the devil, taking him up into an high mountain, showed unto him all the kingdoms of the world in a moment of time. And the devil said unto him, All this power will I give thee, and the glory of them for that is delivered unto me; and to whomsoever I will I give it. 7 If thou therefore wilt worship me, 8 all shall be thine. And Jesus answered and said unto him, Get thee behind me, Satan: for it is written,* Thou shalt worship the Lord thy God, and him only shalt thou serve. -And when the devil had ended' all the temptation," he departed from him for a season."

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if thou wilt fall 10 down and worship me. Then saith Jesus unto him, Get thee hence, Satan for it is written, Thou shalt worship the Lord thy God, and him only shalt thou serve. 11 Then the devil leaveth him, and, be- 13 hold, angels came and ministered unto him.

temptation, but in a different order. One of these apparently must have occurred at the end of the forty days. The order of Matthew is perhaps the most natural of the two; it is, at least, clearly indicated by the words then-again.

1 Deut. 8. 3.

3 Deut. 6. 16.

2 Psa. 91. 11. 4 Deut. 6. 13.

5 All the temptation (rávтa πеiрaσuóv), rather every temptation, the three cases being regarded as types or samples of the three classes into which all temptations may be divided; namely, the lust of the flesh, and the lust of the eyes, and the pride

of life, according to 1 John 2. 16. Taking the cases in Matthew's order, the first is addressed to a natural appetite, and is a sample of sensual temptations; the second, to the principle of ostentation, or the display of superior worth in God's estimation, a sample of temptations addressed to the pride (aλačoveía, vain-glory) of life; the third, to the love of wealth, honour, and power, a sample of temptations addressed to the lust of the eyes. See Greswell, vol. ii. p. 186.

6 Comp. Heb. 4. 15.
7 Comp. John 14. 30.

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