Mechanism and SynthesisPeter Taylor Royal Society of Chemistry, 2002 - 368 pagine This book pursues possible strategies for synthesising mainly organic compounds, particularly those of interest to the health sector and related industries. Topics covered include addition reactions of aldehydes and ketones; the use of organometallic reagents to form carbon-carbon bonds (eg Grignard reagents); and radical reactions, including selectivity and chain reactions. Retrosynthetic analysis is introduced as a strategy for developing syntheses, along with biochemical pathways. Mechanism and Synthesis concludes with a Case Study on polymers, which demonstrates how chain reactions can be used to build up useful materials with specific properties, such as contact lenses. The Molecular World series provides an integrated introduction to all branches of chemistry for both students wishing to specialise and those wishing to gain a broad understanding of chemistry and its relevance to the everyday world and to other areas of science. The books, with their Case Studies and accompanying multi-media interactive CD-ROMs, will also provide valuable resource material for teachers and lecturers. (The CD-ROMs are designed for use on a PC running Windows 95, 98, ME or 2000.) |
Sommario
CARBONYL COMPOUNDS | 15 |
NUCLEOPHILIC ATTACK AT THE CARBONYL GROUP | 21 |
CONCLUSION | 56 |
ANSWERS AND COMMENTS | 63 |
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS | 74 |
SYNTHETIC APPLICATIONS | 75 |
ORGANOLITHIUM AND ORGANOSODIUM | 93 |
ORGANOCOPPER COMPOUNDS | 101 |
STRATEGY AND METHODOLOGY | 177 |
PLANNING A SYNTHESIS | 190 |
CX BONDS | 196 |
CONTROL IN SYNTHESIS | 236 |
FURTHER FACTORS AFFECTING THE CHOICE | 248 |
THE LABORATORY SYNTHESIS | 290 |
A BIOCHEMICAL INTERLUDE | 299 |
THE CHEMISTRY OF TERPENE BIOSYNTHESIS | 310 |
APPENDIX SUMMARY OF ORGANOMETALLIC | 111 |
RADICAL REACTIONS | 121 |
REACTIONS OF RADICALS | 131 |
RADICAL CHAIN REACTIONS | 140 |
RADICAL FRAGMENTATION REACTIONS | 160 |
LEARNING OUTCOMES | 322 |
POLYMER CHEMISTRY | 327 |
POLYMER DESIGN AND DESIGNER POLYMERS | 342 |
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acid chloride aldehydes aldehydes and ketones alkene alkyl alkyne alkynide amide amine anion aromatic aryl attack benzene biosynthesis bond disconnections bond-forming reactions bromide C-C bond C-OH carbon nucleophile carbon-carbon bond carbonyl compound carbonyl group carboxylic acid carboxylic acid derivatives catalyst CH₂ CH3 CH3 CH3 CH3 H3C CH3O chain chemistry chemists COOH curly arrows cyclization dimethylallyl pyrophosphate double bond electron electrophilic ester example Figure formation functional group give Grignard reagent H CH3 H H H H₂C H₂O H3C CH3 H3C H3C H3C OH H3CO haloalkane hemiacetal hydrogen atom identify intermediate involves isopentenyl pyrophosphate ketone Learning Outcome leaving group LiAlH4 lithium mechanism mevalonic acid MgBr molecular framework monomer OCH3 OPOP2 organic organometallic compounds organometallic reagent oxidation polymer primary alcohol proton proton transfer QUESTION radical reactions react reactive retrosynthetic analysis ring SCHEME starting material step structure substitution synthesis synthetic synthons target molecule terpenes tributyltin hydride yield