Nouns in are generally indeclinable; as, gummi, gum; zingiběri, ginger; but some Greek nouns add itis; as, hydrŏměli, hydromelitis, water and honey sodden together, mead. Nouns in y add os; as, moly, molyos, an herb; mysy, -yos, vitriol. 0. 2. Nouns in o are masculine, and form the genitive in ōnis; as, Sermo, sermonis, speech; draco, draconis, a dragon. So, Mōrio, a fool. Mulio, a muleteer. Něbŭlo, a knave. Pavo, a peacock. Exc. 1. Nouns in io are rătio, rationis, reason. So, feminine, when they signify any thing without a body; as, Sanctio, a confirmation. Cautio, caution, care. Portio, a part. Concio, an assembly, a speech. Cessio, a yielding. Dictio, a word. Deditio, a surrender. Lectio, a lesson. Pōtio, drink. Proditio, treachery. Proscriptio, a proscription, or- Legio, a legion, a body of men. Quæstio, an inquiry. Seditio, a mutiny. Sectio, the confiscation or for feiture of one's goods. But when they mark any thing which has a body, or signify numbers, they are mas Exc. 2. Nouns in do and go are feminine, and have the genitive in înis ; as, ărundo, arundinis, a reed; imago, imaginis, an image. So, Cupido, desire, is often masculine with the poets; but in prose always feminine. Exc. 3. The following nouns havẹ ìnis : Apollo, -inis, the god Apollo. Nēmo, -ĭnis, m. or f. no body. Turbo, -inis, m. a whirlwind. Căro, flesh, fem. has carnis. Anio, mas. the name of a river, Aniēnis; Nerio, Nerienis, the wife of the god Mars: from the obsolete nominatives, Anien, Nerien. Turbo, the name of a man, has ōnis. Exc. 4. Greek nouns in o are feminine, and have ûs in the genitive, and o in the other cases singular; as, Dido, the name of a woman; genit. Didûs; dat. Didó; &c. Sometimes they are declined regularly; thus, Dido, Didonis; so echo, -ús, f. the resounding of the voice from a rock or wood; Argo, ús, the name of a ship; halo, -onis, f. a circle about the sun or moon. C, D, L. 3. Nouns in c and I are neuter, and form the genitive by adding is; as, Animal, animalis, a living creature; tõral, -ālis, a bed-cover; halec, halēcis, a kind of pickle. So, Cervical, a bolster. Minerval, entry-money. Minutal, minced meat. Except, Consul, -ŭlis, m. a consul. Cubital, a cushion. Puteal, a well-cover. Vectigal, a tax. Mel, mellis, n. honey. Mugil, -ilis, m. a mullet-fish. Sǎles, -ium, pl. m. witty sayings. D is the termination only of a few proper names, which form the genitive by adding is; as, David, Davidis. N. 4. Nouns in n are masculine, and add is in the genitive; as, Cănon, -ŏnis, a rule. Dæmon, -onis, a spirit. Lien, -ēnis, the milt. Ren, rênis, the reins. Exc. 1. Nouns in men are neuter, and make their genitive in inis; as, flumen, fluminis, a river. So, Agmen, an army on march. Bitumen, a kind of clay. Carmen, a song, a poem. Cognomen, a sir-name. Cŏlumen, a support. Crimen, a crime. The following nouns are likewise neuter : Glúten, -inis, glue. Unguen, -inis, ointment. Pŭtamen, a nyt-shell. Specimen, a proof Inguen, -inis, the groin. Exc. 2. The following masculines have inis; pecten, a comb; tubicen, a trumpeter; tībīcẹn, a piper; and oscen, v. oscinis, sc. ăvis, f. a bird, which foreboded by singing. Exc. 3. The following nouns are feminine: sindon, -onis, fine linen; äēdon, -õnis, a nightingale; halcyon, -onis, a bird called the king's fisher; icon, -onis, an image. Exc. 4. Some Greek nouns have ontis; as, Laŏmědon, -ontis, a king of Trov. So Acheron, Chamaleon, Phaethon, Chăron, &c. AR AND UR. 5. Nouns in ar and ur are neuter, and add is to form the genitive; as, Calcar, calcaris, a spur; murmur, murmuris, a noise. So, Guttur, -ŭris, the throat. Lăcunar, -āris, a ceiling. Nectar, -ăris, drink of the gods. Sulphur, -ŭris, sulphur. 6. Nouns in er and or are masculine, and form the genitive by adding is; as, Anser, ansĕris, a goose, or, gander; agger, -ĕris, a rampart; der, -ĕris, the air; carcer, -ĕris, a prison; asser, ĕris, and assis, -is, a plank; dolor, ōris, pain; color, oris, a colour. So, Actor, a doer, a pleader. Cruor, gore. Lictor, an officer among the Ro- Livor, paleness, malice. Nidor, a strong smell. Ŏdor, and -os, a smell. Pædor, filth. Sartor, a cobler or tailor. Rhetor, a rhetorician, has rhetoris; castor, a beaver, -õris. Exc. 1. The following nouns are neuter : Acer, -ĕris, a maple-tree. Equor, oris, a plain, the sea. Ador, -ŏris, fine wheat. Cădăver, -ĕris, a dead carcass. Splendor, brightness. Marmor, -ŏris, marble. Tūber, -ĕris, a swelling. Iter, itineris, a journey. Über, -ĕris, a pap, or fatness. Ver, vēris, the spring. Arbor, -õris, a tree, is feminine. Tuber, -ĕris, the fruit of the tuber-tree, is masculine, but when put for the tree, is feminine. Exc. 2. Nouns in ber have bris in the genitive; as, hic imber, imbris, a shower. So Insuber, October, &c. Nouns in ter have tris; as, venter, ventris, the belly; păter, patris, a father; frāter, -tris, a brother; accipiter, -tris, a hawk; but crater, a cup, has crātēris ; sōter, -ēris, a saviour; later, a tile, lateris; Jupiter, the chief of the Heathen Gods, has Jovis; linter, -tris, a little boat, is masc. or fem. AS. 7. Nouns in as are feminine, and have the genitive in ātis; as, ætas, ætātis, an age. So, Véritas, truth. Estas, the summer. Piětas, piety. Probitas, probity. Exc. 1. As, assis, m. a piece of money, or twelve parts. Vas, vădis, m. a surety. any thing which may be divided into Mas, măris, m: a male. Note. All the parts of as are masculine, except uncia, an ounce, feminine; as, sextans, 2 ounces; quadrans, 3; triens, 4; quincunx, 5; semis, 6; septunx, 7; bes, 8; dodrans, 9; dextans, or dĕcunx, 10; deunx, 11 ounces. Exc. 2. Of Greek nouns in as, some are masculine, some feminine, some neuter. Those that are masculine have antis in the genit. as, gigas, gigantis, a giant; ădămas, -antis, an adamant; ělěphas, -antis, an elephant. Those that are feminine have ǎdis or ados; as, lampas, lampadis, or lampados, a lamp; dromas, -ădis, f. a dromedary: likewise Arcas, an Arcadian, though masculine, has Arcadis or -ados. Those that are neuter have ǎtis, as, būcheras, -atis, an herb; artocreas, -ătis, a pie. ES. 8. Nouns in es are feminine, and in the genitive change es into is ; as, rupes, rupis, a rock; nubes, nubis, a cloud. So, Exc. 1. The following nouns are masculine, and most of them likewise excepted in the formation of the genitive: Miles, -itis, a soldier. Obses, -idis, a hostage. But ales, miles, heres, interpres, obses, and vates, are also used in the feminine. Exc. 2. The following feminines are excepted in the formation of the genitive: Exc. 3. Greek nouns in es are commonly masculine; as, hic ăcinăces, -is, a Persian sword, a scimitar: but some are neuter; as, hoc căcoethes, an evil custom; hippomănes, a kind of poison which grows in the forehead of a foal; pănăces, the herb all-heal; nepenthes, the herb kill-grief. Dissyllables, and the monosyllables Cres, a Cretan, have ētis, in the genitive; as, hic magnes, magnētis, a loadstone; tapes, -ětis, tapestry; lēbes, -ētis, a caldron. The rest follow the general rule. Some proper nouns have either ētis or is; as, Dăres, Darētis, or Daris; which is also sometimes of the first declension; Achilles, has Achillis; or Achilli, contracted for Achillëi or Achillei, of the second declension, from Achilleus: So, Ulysses, Pericles, Verres, Aristotěles, &c. IS. 9. Nouns in is are feminine, and have their genitive the same with the nominative; as, auris, auris, the ear; ăvis, avis, a bird. So, Exc. 1. The following nouns are masculine, and form the genitive according to the general rule: Axis, axis, an axle-tree. Collis, a hill. Cenchris, a kind of serpent. Ensis, a sword. Fascis, a bundle. Fécialis, a herald. Mensis, a month. Múgilis, or -il, a mullet-fish. Postis, a post. Sodalis, a companion. Torris, a fire-brand. Unguis, the nail. Vectis, a lever. To these add Latin nouns in nis; as, pānis, bread; crinis, the hair; ignis, fire; funis, a rope, &c. But Greek nouns in nis are feminine, and have the genitive in idis; as, tyrannis, tyrannidis, tyranny. Exc. 2. The following nouns are also masculine, but form their genitive differently: Cinis, -ĕris, ashes. Cucumis, -is, or -ĕris, a cucumber. Dis, Ditis, the god of riches, or rich, an adj. Impūbis, or impūbes, -is, or -ĕris, not marriage- Lapis, ĭdis, a stone. Pubis, or pubes, -is, or oftener -ĕris, marriageable. Sēmis, -issis, the half of any thing. Pulvis and cinis are sometimes feminine. Semis is also sometimes neuter, and then it is inde clinable. Pubis and impubis, are properly adjectives; thus, Puberibus caulem foliis, a stalk with downy leaves, Virg. Æn. xii. 413. Impube corpus, the body of a boy not having yet got the down (pubes, -is, f.) of youth, Horat. Epod. v. 13. Exsanguis, bloodless, an adjective, has exsanguis in the genitive. Exc. 3. The following are either masculine or feminine, and form the genitive according to the general rule: Exc. 4. These feminines have idis: Finis, the end; fines, the boundaries of a field or territories, is always masculine. Scrōbis, or scrobs, a ditch. Torquis, a chain. Cassis, -idis, a helmet; cuspis, -idis, the point of a spear; capis, ždis, a kind of cup; prōmulsis, -idis, a kind of drink, metheglin. Lis, strife, f. has litis. Exc. 5. Greek nouns in is are generally feminine, and form the genitive variously : some have eos or ios; as, hæresis, -eos, or ios, or -is, a heresy; so, băsis, f. the foot of a pillar; phrasis, a phrase; phthisis, a consumption; poesis, poetry; metròpõlis, a chief city, &c. Some have idis, or idos; as, Paris, idis, or -idos, the name of a man ; aspis, -idis, f. an asp; ephemeris, -idis, f. a day-book; iris, -idis, f. the rainbow; pyxis, -idis, f. a box. So, Egis, the shield of Pallas; cantharis, a sort of fly; periscělis, a garter; proboscis, an elephant's trunk; piramis, a pyramid; and tigris, a tiger, -idis, seldom tigris: all fem. Part have idis, as, Psophis, -idis, the name of a city: others have inis; as, Eleusis, inis, the name of a city; and some have entis ; as, Simois, Simoentis, the name of a river. Charis, one of the graces, has Charitis. OS. 10. Nouns in os are masculine, and have the genitive in ōtis; as, nepos, -ōtis, a grandchild; săcerdos, -ōtis, a priest; also feminine. Exc. 1. The following are feminine : Arbos, or, -or, -õris, a tree. Cos, cōtis, a whetstone. Dos, dōtis, a dowry. Eos, eois, the morning. Glos, glóris, the husband's sister, or brother's wife. Exc. 2. The following masculines are excepted in the genitive: Exc. 3. Os, ossis, a bone; and ōs, oris, the mouth, are neuter. Exc. 4. Some Greek nouns have õis, as, hēros, -õis, a hero or great man: So Minos, a king of Crete; Tros, a Trojan; thos, a kind of wolf. US. 11. Nouns in us are neuter, and have their genitive in oris; as, pectus, pectoris, the breast; tempus, tempõris, time. So, |