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Nouns in are generally indeclinable; as, gummi, gum; zingiběri, ginger; but some Greek nouns add itis; as, hydrŏměli, hydromelitis, water and honey sodden together, mead.

Nouns in y add os; as, moly, molyos, an herb; mysy, -yos, vitriol.

0.

2. Nouns in o are masculine, and form the genitive in ōnis; as, Sermo, sermonis, speech; draco, draconis, a dragon.

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So,

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Mōrio, a fool.

Mulio, a muleteer.

Něbŭlo, a knave.

Pavo, a peacock.

Exc. 1. Nouns in io are

rătio, rationis, reason.

So,

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feminine, when they signify any thing without a body; as,

Sanctio, a confirmation.

Cautio, caution, care.

Portio, a part.

Concio, an assembly, a speech.

Cessio, a yielding.

Dictio, a word.

Deditio, a surrender.

Lectio, a lesson.

Pōtio, drink.

Proditio, treachery.

Proscriptio, a proscription, or-
dering citizens to be slain and
confiscating their effects.

Legio, a legion, a body of men. Quæstio, an inquiry.

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Seditio, a mutiny.

Sectio, the confiscation or for

feiture of one's goods.

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But when they mark any thing which has a body, or signify numbers, they are mas

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Exc. 2. Nouns in do and go are feminine, and have the genitive in înis ; as, ărundo,

arundinis, a reed; imago, imaginis, an image. So,

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Cupido, desire, is often masculine with the poets; but in prose always feminine.

Exc. 3. The following nouns havẹ ìnis :

Apollo, -inis, the god Apollo.
Homo, -inis, a man or woman.

Nēmo, -ĭnis, m. or f. no body. Turbo, -inis, m. a whirlwind. Căro, flesh, fem. has carnis. Anio, mas. the name of a river, Aniēnis; Nerio, Nerienis, the wife of the god Mars: from the obsolete nominatives, Anien, Nerien. Turbo, the name of a man, has ōnis.

Exc. 4. Greek nouns in o are feminine, and have ûs in the genitive, and o in the other cases singular; as, Dido, the name of a woman; genit. Didûs; dat. Didó; &c. Sometimes they are declined regularly; thus, Dido, Didonis; so echo, -ús, f. the resounding of the voice from a rock or wood; Argo, ús, the name of a ship; halo, -onis, f. a circle about the sun or moon.

C, D, L.

3. Nouns in c and I are neuter, and form the genitive by adding is; as, Animal, animalis, a living creature; tõral, -ālis, a bed-cover; halec, halēcis, a kind of pickle. So,

Cervical, a bolster.

Minerval, entry-money.

Minutal, minced meat.

Except, Consul, -ŭlis, m. a consul.

Cubital, a cushion.

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Puteal, a well-cover.

Vectigal, a tax.

Mel, mellis, n. honey.

Mugil, -ilis, m. a mullet-fish.
Sal, sălis, m. or n. salt.

Sǎles, -ium, pl. m. witty sayings.
Sol, sõlis, m. the sun.

D is the termination only of a few proper names, which form the genitive by adding is; as, David, Davidis.

N.

4. Nouns in n are masculine, and add is in the genitive; as,

Cănon, -ŏnis, a rule.

Dæmon, -onis, a spirit.
Delphin, -inis, a dolphin.
Gnomon, -onis, the cock of a dial.
Hymen, -ěnis, the god of mar-
riage.

Lien, -ēnis, the milt.
Pæan, -ánis, a song.
Physiognomon, -onis, one who
guesses at the dispositions of
men from the face.

Ren, rênis, the reins.
Splen, -ênis, the spleen.
Syren, -enis, f. a syren.
Titan, -ānis, the sun.

Exc. 1. Nouns in men are neuter, and make their genitive in inis; as, flumen,

fluminis, a river. So,
Abdomen, the paunch.
Acumen, sharpness.

Agmen, an army on march.
Alumen, alum.

Bitumen, a kind of clay.
Căcumen, the top.

Carmen, a song, a poem.

Cognomen, a sir-name.

Cŏlumen, a support.

Crimen, a crime.

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The following nouns are likewise neuter :

Glúten, -inis, glue.

Unguen, -inis, ointment.

Pŭtamen, a nyt-shell.
Sagmen, vervain, an herb.
Sēmen, a seed.

Specimen, a proof
Stămen, the warp.
Subtemen, the woof.
Tegmen, a covering.
Vimen, a twig.
Võlumen, a folding.

Inguen, -inis, the groin.
Pollen, -inis, fine flour.

Exc. 2. The following masculines have inis; pecten, a comb; tubicen, a trumpeter; tībīcẹn, a piper; and oscen, v. oscinis, sc. ăvis, f. a bird, which foreboded by singing. Exc. 3. The following nouns are feminine: sindon, -onis, fine linen; äēdon, -õnis, a nightingale; halcyon, -onis, a bird called the king's fisher; icon, -onis, an image. Exc. 4. Some Greek nouns have ontis; as, Laŏmědon, -ontis, a king of Trov. So Acheron, Chamaleon, Phaethon, Chăron, &c.

AR AND UR.

5. Nouns in ar and ur are neuter, and add is to form the genitive; as, Calcar, calcaris, a spur; murmur, murmuris, a noise. So,

Guttur, -ŭris, the throat.
Jūbar, -āris, a sun-beam.

Lăcunar, -āris, a ceiling.

Nectar, -ăris, drink of the gods.
Pulvinar, -āris, a pillow.

Sulphur, -ŭris, sulphur.

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6. Nouns in er and or are masculine, and form the genitive by adding is; as, Anser, ansĕris, a goose, or, gander; agger, -ĕris, a rampart; der, -ĕris, the air; carcer, -ĕris, a prison; asser, ĕris, and assis, -is, a plank; dolor, ōris, pain; color, oris, a colour. So,

Actor, a doer, a pleader.
Creditor, he that trusts or lends.

Cruor, gore.
Debitor, a debtor.
Fætor, an ill smell.
Honor, honour.
Lector, a reader.

Lictor, an officer among the Ro-
mans, who attended the magi-
strates.

Livor, paleness, malice.

Nidor, a strong smell.

Ŏdor, and -os, a smell.
Ŏlor, a swan.

Pædor, filth.
Pastor, a shepherd.
Prætor, a commander.
Půdor, shame.
Rubor, blushing.
Rumor, a report.
Săpor, a taste.

Sartor, a cobler or tailor.
Sător, a sower, a father.
Sopor, sleep.

Rhetor, a rhetorician, has rhetoris; castor, a beaver, -õris.

Exc. 1. The following nouns are neuter :

Acer, -ĕris, a maple-tree.

Equor, oris, a plain, the sea.

Ador, -ŏris, fine wheat.

Cădăver, -ĕris, a dead carcass.

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Splendor, brightness.
Sponsor, a surety.
Squalor, filthiness.
Stupor, dullness
Sŭtor, a sewer.
Těpor, warmth.
Terror, dread.
Timor, fear.
Tonsor, a barber.
Tutor, a guardian.
Văpor, a vapour.
Vēnātor, a hunter.

Marmor, -ŏris, marble.
Păpáver, -ĕris, poppy.
Piper, -ĕris, pepper.
Spinther, -ĕris, a clasp.

Tūber, -ĕris, a swelling.

Iter, itineris, a journey.

Über, -ĕris, a pap, or fatness.

Ver, vēris, the spring.

Arbor, -õris, a tree, is feminine. Tuber, -ĕris, the fruit of the tuber-tree, is masculine, but when put for the tree, is feminine.

Exc. 2. Nouns in ber have bris in the genitive; as, hic imber, imbris, a shower. So Insuber, October, &c.

Nouns in ter have tris; as, venter, ventris, the belly; păter, patris, a father; frāter, -tris, a brother; accipiter, -tris, a hawk; but crater, a cup, has crātēris ; sōter, -ēris, a saviour; later, a tile, lateris; Jupiter, the chief of the Heathen Gods, has Jovis; linter, -tris, a little boat, is masc. or fem.

AS.

7. Nouns in as are feminine, and have the genitive in ātis; as, ætas, ætātis, an age. So,

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Véritas, truth.
Võluntas, will.
Voluptas, pleasure.
Anas, a duck, has ǎnǎtis.

Estas, the summer.

Piětas, piety.

Probitas, probity.

Exc. 1. As, assis, m. a piece of money, or

twelve parts.

Vas, vădis, m. a surety.
Vas, väsis, m. a vessel.

any thing which may be divided into

Mas, măris, m: a male.

Note. All the parts of as are masculine, except uncia, an ounce, feminine; as, sextans, 2 ounces; quadrans, 3; triens, 4; quincunx, 5; semis, 6; septunx, 7; bes, 8; dodrans, 9; dextans, or dĕcunx, 10; deunx, 11 ounces.

Exc. 2. Of Greek nouns in as, some are masculine, some feminine, some neuter. Those that are masculine have antis in the genit. as, gigas, gigantis, a giant; ădămas, -antis, an adamant; ělěphas, -antis, an elephant. Those that are feminine have ǎdis or ados; as, lampas, lampadis, or lampados, a lamp; dromas, -ădis, f. a dromedary: likewise Arcas, an Arcadian, though masculine, has Arcadis or -ados. Those that are neuter have ǎtis, as, būcheras, -atis, an herb; artocreas, -ătis, a pie.

ES.

8. Nouns in es are feminine, and in the genitive change es into is ; as, rupes, rupis, a rock; nubes, nubis, a cloud. So,

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Exc. 1. The following nouns are masculine, and most of them likewise excepted

in the formation of the genitive:

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Miles, -itis, a soldier.

Obses, -idis, a hostage.

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But ales, miles, heres, interpres, obses, and vates, are also used in the feminine.

Exc. 2. The following feminines are excepted in the formation of the genitive:

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Exc. 3. Greek nouns in es are commonly masculine; as, hic ăcinăces, -is, a Persian sword, a scimitar: but some are neuter; as, hoc căcoethes, an evil custom; hippomănes, a kind of poison which grows in the forehead of a foal; pănăces, the herb all-heal; nepenthes, the herb kill-grief. Dissyllables, and the monosyllables Cres, a Cretan, have ētis, in the genitive; as, hic magnes, magnētis, a loadstone; tapes, -ětis, tapestry; lēbes, -ētis, a caldron. The rest follow the general rule. Some proper nouns have either ētis or is; as, Dăres, Darētis, or Daris; which is also sometimes of the first declension; Achilles, has Achillis; or Achilli, contracted for Achillëi or Achillei, of the second declension, from Achilleus: So, Ulysses, Pericles, Verres, Aristotěles, &c.

IS.

9. Nouns in is are feminine, and have their genitive the same with the nominative; as,

auris, auris, the ear; ăvis, avis, a bird. So,

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Exc. 1. The following nouns are masculine, and form the genitive according to the general rule:

Axis, axis, an axle-tree.
Aqualis, a water-pot, a ewer.
Callis, a beaten road.
Caulis, the stalk of an herb.

Collis, a hill.

Cenchris, a kind of serpent.

Ensis, a sword.

Fascis, a bundle.

Fécialis, a herald.
Follis, a pair of bellows.
Fustis, a staff.

Mensis, a month.

Múgilis, or -il, a mullet-fish.
Orbis, a circle, the world.
Patruēlis, a cousin-german.
Piscis, a fish.

Postis, a post.

Sodalis, a companion.

Torris, a fire-brand.

Unguis, the nail.

Vectis, a lever.
Vermis, a worm.

To these add Latin nouns in nis; as, pānis, bread; crinis, the hair; ignis, fire; funis, a rope, &c. But Greek nouns in nis are feminine, and have the genitive in idis; as, tyrannis, tyrannidis, tyranny.

Exc. 2. The following nouns are also masculine, but form their genitive differently: Cinis, -ĕris, ashes.

Cucumis, -is, or -ĕris, a cucumber.

Dis, Ditis, the god of riches, or rich, an adj.
Glis, gliris, a dormouse, a rat.

Impūbis, or impūbes, -is, or -ĕris, not marriage-
able.

Lapis, ĭdis, a stone.

Pubis, or pubes, -is, or oftener -ĕris, marriageable.
Pulvis, -ĕris, dust.
Quiris, -itis, a Roman.
Samnis, -itis, a Samnite.
Sanguis, -inis, blood.

Sēmis, -issis, the half of any thing.
Vōmis, or -er, ĕris, a ploughshare.

Pulvis and cinis are sometimes feminine. Semis is also sometimes neuter, and then it is inde clinable. Pubis and impubis, are properly adjectives; thus, Puberibus caulem foliis, a stalk with downy leaves, Virg. Æn. xii. 413. Impube corpus, the body of a boy not having yet got the down (pubes, -is, f.) of youth, Horat. Epod. v. 13. Exsanguis, bloodless, an adjective, has exsanguis in the genitive.

Exc. 3. The following are either masculine or feminine, and form the genitive according to the general rule:

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Exc. 4. These feminines have idis:

Finis, the end; fines, the boundaries of a field

or territories, is always masculine.

Scrōbis, or scrobs, a ditch.

Torquis, a chain.

Cassis, -idis, a helmet; cuspis, -idis, the point of a spear; capis, ždis, a kind of cup; prōmulsis, -idis, a kind of drink, metheglin. Lis, strife, f. has litis.

Exc. 5. Greek nouns in is are generally feminine, and form the genitive variously : some have eos or ios; as, hæresis, -eos, or ios, or -is, a heresy; so, băsis, f. the foot of a pillar; phrasis, a phrase; phthisis, a consumption; poesis, poetry; metròpõlis, a chief city, &c. Some have idis, or idos; as, Paris, idis, or -idos, the name of a man ; aspis, -idis, f. an asp; ephemeris, -idis, f. a day-book; iris, -idis, f. the rainbow; pyxis, -idis, f. a box. So, Egis, the shield of Pallas; cantharis, a sort of fly; periscělis, a garter; proboscis, an elephant's trunk; piramis, a pyramid; and tigris, a tiger, -idis, seldom tigris: all fem. Part have idis, as, Psophis, -idis, the name of a city: others have inis; as, Eleusis, inis, the name of a city; and some have entis ; as, Simois, Simoentis, the name of a river. Charis, one of the graces, has Charitis.

OS.

10. Nouns in os are masculine, and have the genitive in ōtis; as, nepos, -ōtis, a grandchild; săcerdos, -ōtis, a priest; also feminine.

Exc. 1. The following are feminine :

Arbos, or, -or, -õris, a tree.

Cos, cōtis, a whetstone.

Dos, dōtis, a dowry.

Eos, eois, the morning.

Glos, glóris, the husband's sister, or brother's wife.

Exc. 2. The following masculines are excepted in the genitive:

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Exc. 3. Os, ossis, a bone; and ōs, oris, the mouth, are neuter.

Exc. 4. Some Greek nouns have õis, as, hēros, -õis, a hero or great man: So Minos,

a king of Crete; Tros, a Trojan; thos, a kind of wolf.

US.

11. Nouns in us are neuter, and have their genitive in oris; as,

pectus, pectoris, the breast; tempus, tempõris, time. So,

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