suitable to an escort of enthusiastic friends. It also supplies some explanation of the corruption.

2. quam cavere... solitum. The words semper... etiam are omitted by the MSS. The added words are due to Roth, save for semper, which is due to Ihm. The sentence would, perhaps, be neater without sollicitum. But sollicitum has the merit of giving some explanation of the corruption, the scribe's eye having jumped from sollicitum to solitum. semper is necessary to balance semel. non tam sua, etc. The words are almost an echo of the magnificent passage in Cic. Marc. 25, of which the opening words are cited above on neque voluisse vivere.

CHAPTER LXXXVII

inter omnes fere constitit. The tradition survives in Plut. Caes. 63. 2 and App. 2. 115, who both give the story of his staying at the house of Lepidus on the eve of his murder. The story of his remark after reading Xenophon (Cyrop. 8. 7. 25) is found only here.

CHAPTER LXXXVIII

sexto et quinquagesimo anno. So Plutarch (Caes. 69. 1) and Appian (2. 149). Dio (44. 73) merely speaks of him as over fifty. For the whole question see p. xiv.

in deorum numerum. So Plut. Caes. 67. 3 (by decree of the senate). Dio (47. 18. 4) says that the triumvirs founded a temple on the spot where he was burned, and 51. 22. 2 mentions the foundation of this temple by Augustus in 29 B. C. Cp. notes on templa (76. 1), succenderunt (84. 3), and columnam (85). For sanctuaries elsewhere cp. Dio 51. 20. 6 (Ephesus and Nicaea) and Cagnat, Inscr. Gr. ad rem Rom. pert. no. 482 (Xanthus). He is regularly spoken of as Divus Iulius or eòs Kaîoap in official parlance.

ludis. Cp. Dio 43. 22. 2-3; 45. 6. 4; 49. 42. 1; App. 3. 28; Plin. 2. 93; Cic. Fam. 11. 28. 6; Suet. Aug. 10. I; Nic. Dam. 28. These games (indifferently known as Victoriae Caesaris or Veneri Genetrici) were originally held in 46 B. C. on the 24th or 25th Sept., but, after the reform of the Calendar, on July 20-30; cp. C. I. L. (ed. 2) i, p. 225 (Fast. Maff.) and p. 244 (Fast. Amitern.); see also Mommsen's note in C. I. L. (ed. 2) i, pp. 322-3.

primos consecrato ei. The first games in his honour after his deification. A necessary correction for the MSS. primo consecratos. The games in question had been in existence since 46 B.C. See previous note.

stella crinita. Cp. Plut. Caes. 69. 2; Dio 45.7. 1; Plin. 2. 93-4 and 98; Sen. N. Q. 7. 17. 2; Virg. Ecl. 9. 47 and Aen. 8. 681 (cp. Serv. ad loc. visible for three days'); Hor. Od. 1. 12. 46; Ov. M.

15. 845; Prop. 4. 6. 30 and 59. The star appears on coins; cp. Mattingly, Coins of R. Empire in B. M., i, pp. 59, 63, 301, and pl. 6. 6-8 (coins of Augustus; reverse shows an eight-pointed star with tail and inscr. DIVVS IVLIVS). See also Grueber, Coins R. Rep. in B. M. ii, pp. 411-13, and pl. 105. 11 (Caesar and star on coins of 38 B. C.). It is worth noting that a star appears on coins apparently minted in Caesar's lifetime, perhaps as an indication of the divine or semi-divine honours paid him in his lifetime; cp. Grueber, i, pp. 547, 548, and pl. 54. 16 (44 B. C.). The star also appears on later coins; cp. Mattingly, i, pl. 27, 1-4; on the reverse a profile of Tiberius or Augustus with two stars.

animam Caesaris. Cp. Suet. Aug. 100. 4 (an ex-praetor sees Augustus soaring to heaven); a similar case in Sen. Apocol. I ; Dio 59. 11. 4 (Drusilla, Caligula's sister, seen on her way to heaven).

simulacro. See on stella crinita.

curiam. See note on Pompei curiam (80. 4); also Dio 47. 19. 1.

CHAPTER LXXXIX

percussorum... defunctus est. Killed at Mutina (or soon after) L. Minucius Basilus, D. Brutus, Pontius Aquila. Killed at Philippi: Tillius Cimber. Suicide at Philippi: Both Cascas, M. Brutus and Cassius, Antistius Labeo (? perhaps killed). Executed after outlawry under lex Pedia: Sulpicius Galba, Ligarius, Sextius Naso (?). Killed by Antony at Ephesus (41 B. C.): Petronius; by Dolabella at Smyrna : C. Trebonius (43 B. C.); at Athens (31 B. C.): Cassius Parmensis; at Cos (30 B. C.): Turullius. For details see Drumann-Groebe, iii, 627-44. The fate of the two Caecilii and Spurius and Rubrius Ruga, is unknown.

sua morte, 'by a natural death'.

damnati. Cp. Mon. Anc. 2 qui parentem meum interfecerunt, eos in exilium expuli, iudiciis legitimis ultus eorum facinus. They were not technically exiled, but outlawed (aquae et ignis interdictio) by the lex Pedia, introduced by Q. Pedius (cos. with Octavian in 43 B. C.); cp. Vell. Pat. 2. 69. 5; App. 3.95; Dio 46. 48-9; Liv. Epit. 120 (according to which Octavian introduced the law).

naufragio. No known instance.

eodem illo pugione. Cp. Plut. Caes. 69. 2 (Cassius); Iul. Capit. in Scr. Hist. Aug. 20. 33. 4. (The nine murderers of Gordian III commit suicide with the weapons they had used to kill the emperor.)