Divine honors, however grudgingly given, were granted to Alexander by the Greek cities, and that divinity 'which doth hedge about a king' as well as imperial Kaiser runs in an unbroken line from the present day to the fourth century before Christ. It goes back, indeed, much farther than that, but the continuity is broken by the golden age of democracies. One can find little to criticise in Mr. Ferguson's book. If a second edition is called for, more space might well be devoted to the growth of imperialism, a topic which is rather scantily treated. Themistocles and the Delian confederacy receive but a few lines in passing. A paragraph could very well be devoted to the Greek colonial system. The policy of the farseeing merchant-princes of Corinth in endeavoring to bring their colonies in submission to the mother state is sufficiently modern to deserve notice. In the second lecture Mr. Ferguson, using the funeral speech of Pericles as his text, devotes most of the time to a study of the inner workings of imperial Athens. Statistics have seldom been turned to better use, and we recommend this chapter to every student of political science. One casual remark deserves to be handed on: "It is estimated that upwards of two thousand Athenians had to memorize the words and practice the music and dance figures of a lyric or dramatic chorus every year. Hence, a normal Athenian audience must have been composed in large part of experformers, a fact which students of Sophocles and Aristophanes would do well to bear constantly in mind. The third lecture opens with a brief sketch of Sparta at home. Here again the lecturer digresses, but perhaps with more justification. In a most instructive way he shows how Plato and Aristotle misunderstood their age. If Aristophanes made the innovations in the dance the cause of the decline of Athens, and Plato ascribed it to the drama, what hope has modern society for the future? Plato could not interpret the past nor could Aristotle. The former, by his hatred of democracy, and the latter, by his hatred of imperialism, managed to construct ideal constitutions which remain ideal only because they have never been tried out. More than half of the book is devoted to the Hellenistic age, and Mr. Ferguson's own researches in this period enable him to speak with more than usual authority. His treatment of the Lagids, Seleucids and Antigonus Gonatas is brilliant. One who has had occasion to study the mass of intrigue and kaleidoscopic combinations which constitute the history of the Diadochi cannot fail to be impressed with Mr. Ferguson's masterly use of historical aposiopesis-if one may call it so-in handling these last three topics. Any summary of these suggestive chapters would be inadequate without unduly prolonging this review, and the reviewer sincerely hopes that his reader will go to the book itself and read these chapters-if no others-for his own enlightenment and the broadening of his historical perspective. PRINCETON UNIVERSITY. ALLAN C. JOHNSON. Handbuch der griechischen Laut- und Formenlehre. Von Hermann Hirt. Zweite umgearbeitete Auflage. Heidelberg: Winter (1912). Griechische Grammatik. Von Karl Brugmann. Vierte vermehrte Auflage, bearbeitet von Albert Thumb. Müller's Handbuch: zweiter Band, erste Abteilung. München: Beck (1913). Pp. xx772. 16.50 Marks. Hirt originally intended his book as an introduction to comparative grammar for classical scholars. By translating all the Greek words cited he has made the new edition easy reading for students whose knowledge even of the classical languages is not very extensive. This improvement and others of similar nature account for the greater part of the increase in bulk from 464 to 652 pages. Very welcome is the increased attention to the ablaut system as it appeared to the Greeks themselves (pages 140-152 of the new edition, 105-107 of the old). It is a mistake, however, to bring down to historic times the author's distinction, rather vague at best, between the reduced grade and the nilgrade. Surely ßadeîv and wateîv, which are listed as reduced grade and nil-grade respectively on page 144, must have belonged to the same category in the Greek linguistic consciousness-as they did from the beginning, in the opinion of many scholars. Other topics whose treatment is notably improved are the modal forces (Aktionsarten) of the IndoEuropean present, aorist, and perfect, and the history of the Greek future. Thumb's revision of Brugmann's grammar consists chiefly in bringing the work up to date. He wants the reader "to hear Brugmann's own words even in the new edition". It is apparently for this reason that the syntax is still separated from the accidence, although Brugmann himself, in his Kurze vergleichende Grammatik (1904) and the second edition of the Grundriss (vol. 2 part 2, 1911), has combined the two topics with advantage to both. Consequently one must say what has scarcely been said before of Brugmann's Greek grammar: in one respect this latest edition is not abreast of the best scholarship of the day. Otherwise Thumb's work is altogether satisfactory. Particularly noteworthy is the increased attention paid throughout the book to Hellenistic Greek. Three new chapters have been added at the end of the volume. The one on incomplete sentences might have been spared. The most valuable part of the brief treatment of word-order is based upon Kieckers's recent investigations. The discussion of the rhythm and the modulation of the sentence suggests some extremely promising fields for investigation. In fact, the last seven pages of the text ought to be a godsend for more than one prospective doctor of philosophy. Each of the two books retains its distinctive character in the new edition. Hirt is readable and suggestive, and, in the main, a safe book to put into the hands of a beginner, although one may sometimes regret the author's over-sanguine temperament. Not many scholars will care to read the Brugmann-Thumb grammar from cover to cover. Additional references to the literature of the subject and a host of recently discovered details make the new edition even more formidable than its predecessors. But if one wants to find out what is known about any given topic of Greek grammar he will turn first to Brugmann-Thumb. COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY. E. H. STURTEVANT. The Fusion of Stylistic Elements in Vergil's Georgics. By Meta Glass. Columbia University Dissertation. Published by the Author: New York (1913). Pp. vi + 94. The first chapter of this book (1-25) is a study of the Astronomical, Geographical and Literary References in the Georgics, with an attempt to determine the amount of Alexandrian influence. On page 5 it might have been noted that Hesiod advises the farmer to time his various labors by the rising and the setting of the stars; otherwise, the reader may get the impression that Vergil borrowed the idea from Varro, or from Aratus. And there is not much point in contrasting the use of astronomical references in such a poem as the Georgics with the lack of them in such a prose treatise as Cato's. The treatment of the 'literary epithet' is much more satisfactory. But retinacula, 1.265, hardly means 'staves' (15). The second chapter (26-47) touches on the large question of the order of words in Latin, especially of the order of the noun and its adjective. "There are almost three times as many adjectives preceding their nouns in the first book of the Georgics as there are following them (472:166)”. The explanation suggested for this ratio is: "the advantage of going from a less to a more specific idea, and the heightening of picturesqueness, which we discover in the poem, whether it be conscious or not". The third chapter (48-68) discusses such 'euphonic devices' as alliteration, onomatopoeia, repetition and rhyme. One or two of the cases of 'onomatopoeia' can appeal only to persons who have an unusually keen sense of hearing. In the famous line, 1.389, et sola in sicca secum spatiatur harena, "the unusual amount of alliteration of s and the opening spondees correspond to the measured soft crush of the crow's feet in the sand". And in 1.359, litora misceri et nemorum increbrescere murmur, we are told to note "the -scere or -sceri, which has something of the light, rough sound of sea foam". The fourth chapter (69-77) analyses a few special passages (1.311-334; 2.458-474; 4.559-566), and shows how "various stylistic means are interwoven for the expression of the thought". The fifth chapter (78-91), entitled Mental Processes, is mainly a study of Vergil's figurative language. Duram hiemem, 4.239, does not mean the bees' 'attack' (82). The dissertation is a good one, as such things go, and it has the rather unusual advantage of dealing with a very interesting subject. THE JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY. W. P. MUSTARD. CLASSICAL ARTICLES IN NON-CLASSICAL Saturday Review-Nov. 22, (Gilbert Murray, Euripides and Scribner's Magazine-Dec., A Likeness: Portrait Bust of an Unknown, Capitol, Rome, W. S. Cather (poem): Sappho, Sara Teasdale (poem). Spectator Nov. 15, (E. H. Minns, Scythians and Greeks); Nov. 22, Petronius Arbiter (trans. by M. Heseltine, Loeb Classical Library): Judaism and Roman Law (M. Hyamson, Mosaicarum et Romanarum Legum Collatio); Nov. 29, Apollonius Rhodius (Argonautica, Edited with Introduction and Commentary by G. W. Mooney). Times (London), Weekly Edition, Literary SupplementNov. 14, (Mackail, Virgil and Roman Studies, in Journal of Roman Studies); Nov. 21, Isles of Greece (J. S. Manatt, Aegean Days); Nov. 28, Stoicism (Edwyn Bevan, Stoics and Sceptics); Dec. 5, The First Romance of the Road (Petronius, with an English Translation by M. Heseltine). -Educational Supplement-Nov. 4, Latin in French Schools. Westminster Review-Nov., Land-Liberators Ancient and Modern, W. J. Acomb. Zeitschrift für Philosophie und philosophische Kritik-Nov., J. Baumann, Neues zu Socrates, Aristoteles, Euripides (H. Einl): F. Meiner, Platons Gastmahl, Dialog Philebus, Aristoteles Politik (J. Dörfler). THE NEW YORK LATIN CLUB The next luncheon of The New York Latin Club will be held at Columbia University, in Room 327 University Hall, Saturday, February 7. at twelve o'clock, sharp. Professor Walton Brooks McDaniel, Professor of Latin in the University of Pennsylvania, will read a paper on Pliny and Lake Como. The paper will be illustrated by many colored slides made from photographs which Professor McDaniel took himself. The price of tickets for a single luncheon is 75 cents. Anyone desiring to secure a ticket is requested to communicate with the Treasurer of the Club, Dr. William F. Tibbetts, Erasmus Hall High School, Brooklyn, New York. The last luncheon for the year will come on Saturday, May 23. At that time Professor Duane Reed Stuart, of Princeton University, will speak on Ancient and Modern Attempts to rehabilitate Personalities. Primus Annus aims at interesting the pupil by taking the Class Room as its topic in the very early stages, and a Roman Family in the later. Variety is gained by the introduction of stories from Classical Mythology. The book includes a complete recapitulation of the Accidence and Syntax to be learnt by heart; vocabularies, grouped according to subject-matter; and a considerable number of exercises, so that the use of books containing English will not be necessary. Decem Fabulae are scenes from Roman life and Ancient Mythology. The grammatical scope is the same as that of Primus Annus, and the plays are so graduated that they can be taken at definite intervals in the first year. OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS AMERICAN BRANCH 35 West 32nd Street, NEW YORK Elements of Latin By Barry C. Smith, The Browning School, New York A book containing many new and attractive features and embodying in a marked degree the point of view of secondary school teaching. Cloth. 360 pages. $1.00. Latin Word Formation By Paul R. Jenks, Flushing High School, New York City The first attempt to treat the subject of Latin word formation in a manner adapted to the needs of secondary schools. Cloth. 86 pages. 50 cents. Latin Drill and Composition By Ernest D. Daniels, Boys' High School, Brooklyn, N. Y. This little volume offers the opportunity for thorough daily drill in the forms. and constructions found in the first four books of the Gallic War. Cloth. 125 pages. 40 cents. Containing Professor Husband's Article A Working Library for Students of the Classics may be obtained from CHARLES KNAPP, Barnard College, New York City 10 cents per copy. 75 cents per dozen. HIGH SCHOOL COURSE in LATIN COMPOSITION By CHARLES MCCOY BAKER, Head of the Latin Cloth. xiii+464 pp., 12°, $1 00 The aim of this book is to provide a complete school course in writing Latin. The book consists of three parts arranged for practice in Latin composition during the last three years of school, and, in addition, a summary of the Elements of Syntax for reference. In the lessons syntax is treated systematically by topics. For content and vocabulary the exercises are based on Caesar's Commentaries and on the orations of Cicero which are usually read in the schools. Special attention has been given throughout to the systematic development of the vocabulary. THE MACMILLAN COMPANY 64-66 Fifth Avenue, New York City Boston: Chicago: San Francisco: Dallas: Atlanta THE CLASSICAL WEEKLY is published by The Classical Association of the Atlantic States, weekly, on Saturdays, from October 1 to May 31 inclusive, except in weeks in which there is a legal or school holiday, at Barnard College, Broadway and 120th St., New York City. All persons within the territory of the Association who are interested in the language, the literature, the life and the art of ancient Greece and ancient Rome, whether actually engaged in teaching the Classics or not, are eligible to member. ship in the Association. Application tor membership may be made to the Secretary-Treasurer, Charles Knapp, Barnard College, New York. The annual dues (which cover also the subscription to THE CLASSICAL WEEKLY), are two dollars. Within the territory covered by the Association (New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, District of Columbia) subscription is possible to individuals only through membership in The Classical Association of the Atlantic States. To institutions in this territory the subscription price is one dollar per year. Outside the territory of the Association the subscription price of THE CLASSICAL WEEKLY is one dollar per year. Managing Editor CHARLES KNAPP, Barnard College, Columbia University Associate Editors CHARLES E. BENNETT, Cornell University WALTER DENNISON, Swarthmore College WALTON B. MCDANIEL, University of Pennsylvania B. L. ULLMAN, University of Pittsburgh H. H. 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Durham The Ages of Man: A Study Suggested by Horace, Ars Poetica 153-178 The High School Greek Teacher: His Obligation and His Opportunity By Frank S. Bunnell VOL. VII SATURDAY, JANUARY 31, 1914 No. 14 CORNELL STUDIES in CLASSICAL PHILOLOGY Edited by Charles Edwin Bennett, John Robert Sitlington Sterrett and George Prentice Bristol I. The CUM Constructions: their history and functions, by William Gard- III. The Cult of Asklepios, by Alice Walton, 1894. V. Index Antiphonteus: composuit Frank Lovis van Cleef, 1895. X. The Athenian Archons of the Third and Second Centuries Before XIII. The Subjunctive Substantive Clauses in Plautus, not including Indi- (Out of Print.) (Out of Print.) Price 80 cts.) (Price $1.50.) (Price $1.00.) (Price $1.50.) (Price 50 cts.) (Price 50 cts.) (Price 50 cts.) (Price 75 cls.) (Price $1.00.) (Price $1.00.) (Price 80 cts.) (Price 60 cts.) (Price 60 cts.) XVI. The Epigraphical Evidence for the Reigns of Vespasian and Titus, by (Price 80 cts.) XVII. Erichthonius and the three Daughters of Cecrops, by Benjamin (Price 60 cts.) XVIII. Index to the Fragments of the Greek Elegiac and Iambic Poets, as Contained in the Hiller-Crusius Edition of Bergk's Anthologia Lyrica, by Mary Corwin Lane, 1908. XIX. The Poetic Plural of Greek Tragedy, by Horace L. Jones, 1910. (Price 80 cts.) (Price 80 cts.) LONGMANS, GREEN & CO., 443 Fourth Avenue, NEW YORK |