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habuerunt, patre longe prudentissimo natum, primum ipsum bellatorem ducemque. Is, ubi legati qui ad deden- 3 das res missi erant pace infecta redierunt, "ne nihil actum" inquit "hac legatione censeatis, expiatum est quidquid ex foedere rupto irarum in nos caelestium fuit. Satis scio, 4 quibuscumque dis cordi fuit subigi nos ad necessitatem dedendi res quae ab nobis ex foedere repetitae fuerant, iis non fuisse cordi tam superbe ab Romanis foederis expiationem spretam. Quid enim ultra fieri ad placandos deos 5 mitigandosque homines potuit quam quod nos fecimus? Res hostium in praeda captas, quae belli iure nostrae videbantur, remisimus; auctores belli, quia vivos non 6

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2. C. Pontium: the name is of course Latinized; the Oscan form was Gavios Pompties. Herenni: a praenomen; in 23, 43, 9 it is a nomen. — primum: of the first rank.

3. legati: after an overwhelming defeat in the preceding year, the Samnites had sent envoys to Rome to offer restitution (ad dedendas res); the Romans had accepted the prisoners and such articles of plunder as were identified by their owners, but refused to entertain proposals of peace.

ne..

censeatis a parenthetical clause of purpose; see on 1, 28, 5 teneat.-foedere: the one made

at the end of the First Samnite
War in 341, which, according to
Livy, had been violated by the
Samnites in 327. — irarum: see on
I, 7, 2.

4. dis: the gods were witnesses (cf. § 7 arbitris) of the treaty and exacted restitution from those who violated it. cordi fuit: it was pleasing; a peculiar use of the predicate dative; cf. the use of frugi as an indeclinable adjective, and for a full discussion of such datives see Roby's Latin Grammar, Part 2, Preface, p. xxv ff. repetitiae fuerant: by the gods; the Romans had made no demands. For the form of the verb see on I, 2, I.

5. in praeda: as plunder; cf. the similar use of in beneficio; e.g. 4, 7, 9 tribuni quoque plebi certamen sine effectu in beneficio apud primores patrum reliquere.

6. auctores: according to Livy

potuimus, perfunctos iam fato dedidimus; bona eorum, ne quid ex contagione noxae remaneret penes nos, Romam 7 portavimus. Quid ultra tibi, Romane, quid foederi, quid dis arbitris foederis debeo? Quem tibi tuarum irarum, quem meorum suppliciorum iudicem feram? Neminem 8 neque populum neque privatum fugio. Quod si nihil cum potentiore iuris humani relinquitur inopi, at ego ad deos vindices intolerandae superbiae confugiam et precabor ut 9 iras suas vertant in eos quibus non suae redditae res, non alienae adcumulatae satis sint; quorum saevitiam non mors noxiorum, non deditio exanimatorum corporum, non bona sequentia domini deditionem exsatient; qui placari nequeant, nisi hauriendum sanguinem laniandaque viscera 10 nostra praebuerimus. Iustum est bellum, Samnites, quibus necessarium, et pia arma quibus nulla nisi in armis relinquiII tur spes. Proinde, cum rerum humanarum maximum momentum sit, quam propitiis rem, quam adversis agant dis,

8, 39, 12 ff. only one man, Brutulus
Papius, was named as the instiga-
tor of the war, and the Samnites
decided to surrender him to the
Romans; he, however, committed
suicide, and they delivered his
body, together with his property.
In this passage Livy has in mind
another tradition, the one followed
by Appian, that several authors
of the war were named and their
bodies surrendered.-
.— noxae : guilt ;
connect with both quid and con-
tagione.

7. arbitris: the word means more than witnesses. The gods were judges, who determined whether or not the conditions

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pro certo habete priora bella adversus deos magis quam homines gessisse, hoc quod instat ducibus ipsis dis gesturos."

2. Haec non laeta magis quam vera vaticinatus exercitu I educto circa Caudium castra quam potest occultissime locat; inde ad Calatiam, ubi iam consules Romanos castra- 2 que esse audiebat, milites decem pastorum habitu mittit pecoraque diversos, alium alibi, haud procul Romanis pascere iubet praesidiis; ubi inciderint in praedatores, ut 3 idem omnibus sermo constet: legiones Samnitium in Apulia esse, Luceriam omnibus copiis circumsedere, nec procul abesse, quin vi capiant. Iam is rumor, et ante de 4 industria vulgatus, venerat ad Romanos, sed fidem auxere captivi, eo maxime, quod sermo inter omnes congruebat. Haud erat dubium, quin Lucerinis opem Romanus ferret, 5

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