Alternatives to Laboratory Animals: ATLA.

activity allergenicity allergenicity score alternative methods animal testing animal welfare antibodies assay ATLA 31 atypical results batch biological botox botulinum toxin carbaryl cell cultures cell lines Centre Chemicals Policy collagen corneal epithelial cells cosmetic Council of Europe cryopreserved days after thawing detection DMSO dose DSP toxins earthworms ECVAM workshop effects Environmental epithelium European Pharmacopoeia evaluation Experimental exposure expression fibronectin Figure FN-COL gene HCE cells Health hepatocytes Home Office human corneal humane endpoints injection integrin involved Journal keratinocytes laboratory animals ment mice molecular monoclonal antibody mouse non-animal number of animals number of procedures OECD oral peristalsis peristaltic platinum potency testing prediction production protein protocol Pt(IV Q)SAR QSAR REACH system refinement regulatory replacement Research risk assessment SAR model segments sensitisers shellfish skin spheroids SqCC/Y1 cells substances SVpgC2a tion tissue toxicity testing Toxicology veterinary virus vitro vitro methods vivo Website