← Horatius ac Valerius vociferabantur: "Quid expectabitis, patres conscripti? Si decemviri finem pertinaciae non faciunt, ruere ac deflagrare omnia passuri estis? Quod autem istud imperium est, decemviri, quod amplexi tenetis? Tec7 tis ac parietibus iura dicturi estis? Non pudet lictorum vestrorum maiorem prope numerum in foro conspici quam togatorum aliorum? Quid, si hostes ad urbem veniant, facturi estis? Quid, si plebs mox, ubi parum secessione moveamur, armata veniat? Occasune urbis vultis finire impe8 rium? Atqui aut plebs non est habenda aut habendi sunt tribuni plebis. Nos citius caruerimus patriciis magistrati9 bus quam illi plebeis. Novam inexpertamque eam potestatem eripuere patribus nostris; ne nunc dulcedine semel capti ferant desiderium, cum praesertim nec nos tempere10 mus imperiis, quo minus illi auxili egeant." Cum haec ex omni parte iactarentur, victi consensu decemviri futuros se, II quando ita videatur, in potestate patrum adfirmant. Id modo simul orant ac monent, ut ipsis ab invidia caveatur, nec suo sanguine ad supplicia patrum plebem adsuefaciant. Book V The Gallic Invasion. Battle of the Alia. Capture of Rome. B.C. 35. Tum Senones, recentissimi advenarum, ab Vtente 3 flumine usque ad Aesim fines habuere. Hanc gentem 39 Clusium Romamque inde venisse conperio; id parum certum est, solamne an ab omnibus Cisalpinorum Gallorum populis adiutam. Clusini novo bello exterriti, cum multitudinem, cum 4 formas hominum invisitatas cernerent et genus armorum, audirentque saepe ab iis cis Padum ultraque legiones Etruscorum fusas, quamquam adversus Romanos nullum eis ius societatis amicitiaeve erat, nisi quod Veientes consangui Book V. 358-435; 46-49. References: Dion. Hal. 13, 7-13. Diod. 14, 113-116. Plut. Camillus, 17– 30. Niebuhr, 2, 512-580. Lewis, 2, 321-356. Ihne, 1, 263-276. Mommsen, I, 419–432. 35. 3. Senones : from Gallia Lugdunensis, not far south of the Seine. recentissimi: Livy has mentioned as earlier invaders Cenomani, Saluvii, Boii, Lingones, and many others who had come still earlier. - Vtente: the Utens or Utis, flowing into the Adriatic near Ravenna; now the Montone. SO east central part of Etruria, about 4. novo: strange; cf. Hor. Od. 2, 15, 20 templa novo decorare saxo. genus armorum: see 22, 46, 5. — adversus: toward, with; cf. 3, 33, 8; 45, 8, 4. The word indicates usually, as in the next clause, a hostile attitude rather than a friendly one. — societatis : formal alliance; amicitiae : a friendly relation. - Veientes: Veii had been taken by Camillus in 396. This had been the first conquest of the Romans outside of Latium, but it is evident that their power was already recognized. neos adversus populum Romanum non defendissent, lega. 5 tos Romam, qui auxilium ab senatu peterent, misere. De auxilio nihil impetratum; legati tres M. Fabi Ambusti filii missi, qui senatus populique Romani nomine agerent cum Gallis, ne, a quibus nullam iniuriam accepissent, socios po6 puli Romani atque amicos oppugnarent: Romanis eos bello quoque, si res cogat, tuendos esse; sed melius visum bellum ipsum amoveri, si posset, et Gallos, novam gentem, pace potius cognosci quam armis. I 36. Mitis legatio, ni praeferoces legatos Gallisque magis quam Romanis similes habuisset. Quibus, postquam man2 data ediderunt in concilio Gallorum, datur responsum : etsi novum nomen audiant Romanorum, tamen credere viros fortes esse, quorum auxilium a Clusinis in re trepida sit 3 inploratum. Et quoniam legatione adversus se maluerint quam armis tueri socios, ne se quidem pacem quam illi adferant aspernari, si Gallis egentibus agro, quem latius possideant quam colant Clusini, partem finium concedant; impetratum: 5. de auxilio this is decidedly inconsistent with the words of the Roman envoys in § 6 Romanis . tuendos esse. Livy may well have been in doubt as to the facts; according to Diod. 14, 113, the Roman envoys were sent only to discover the strength of the Gauls. — socios . . . amicos: to avoid an inconsistency (cf. § 4 nullum . . . erat), we must understand that the envoys from Clusium arranged with the senate terms of societas and amicitia. 36. 1. mitis legatio: sc. erat; the purpose of the embassy was conciliatory, and it would have accomplished its purpose if etc. For the form of the apodosis, see Lane, 2104, 2106. 2. novum: for the first time. credere, esse: the subject of each inf. is omitted; cf. § 4 velle. — in re trepida: cf. 1, 27, 7. 3. ne se quidem: ¿.e. they, too, as well as the Romans, desired peace. Gallis: used instead of sibi, to emphasize the contrast between the poverty of the Gauls and the superfluous wealth of the people of Clusium. Note the chiastic arrangement. concedant: sc. Clusini as subject. Et responsum coram aliter pacem impetrari non posse. Romanis accipere velle, et, si negetur ager, coram iisdem Romanis dimicaturos, ut nuntiare domum possent, quantum Galli virtute ceteros mortales praestarent. Quodnam 5 id ius esset, agrum a possessoribus petere aut minari arma, Romanis quaerentibus, et quid in Etruria rei Gallis esset, cum illi se in armis ius ferre et omnia fortium virorum esse ferociter dicerent, accensis utrimque animis ad arma discurritur et proelium conseritur. Ibi, iam urgentibus Romanam 6 urbem fatis, legati contra ius gentium arma capiunt. Nec id clam esse potuit, cum ante signa Etruscorum tres nobilissimi fortissimique Romanae iuventutis pugnarent; tantum eminebat peregrina virtus. Quin etiam Q. Fabius evectus '7 extra aciem equo ducem Gallorum ferociter in ipsa signa Etruscorum incursantem per latus transfixum hasta occidit; spoliaque eius legentem Galli agnovere, perque totam aciem Romanum legatum esse signum datum est. Omissa inde 8 in Clusinos ira, receptui canunt minantes Romanis. Erant qui extemplo Romam eundum censerent; vicere seniores, 4. negetur, possent: such variation of tense in the subordinate clauses of ind. disc. is common, but it is often difficult to give a satisfactory explanation; see on I, 27, 8. — quantum: for this acc. form used adverbially with a verb indicating comparison, cf. 5, 38, 4 tantum and 27, 47, 11 quantum a mari abscedebat, tanto altioribus coercentibus amnem ripis non inveniret vada. - virtute . . mortales: for the construction cf. 7, 30, 4. 5. quaerentibus: with two de pendent questions, quodnam... esset and quid esset. - ferociter: boldly.—ad arma discurritur: they ran to arms. The Gallic army and that of Clusium were apparently present at the interview. 6. clam: cf. 2, 23, 14 prope. — ante signa: in the front rank. It seems that on this occasion the front rank consisted of cavalry, as these young men would naturally have fought on horseback; see § 7 equo. 8. ut ... mitterentur: a sub ut legati prius mitterentur questum iniurias postulatumque 9 ut pro iure gentium violato Fabii dederentur. Legati Gallorum cum ea, sicut erant mandata, exposuissent, senatui nec factum placebat Fabiorum, et ius postulare barbari videbantur. Sed ne id quod placebat decerneret in tantae 10 nobilitatis viris, ambitio obstabat. Itaque ne penes ipsos culpa esset, si clades forent Gallico bello acceptae, cognitionem de postulatis Gallorum ad populum reiciunt; ubi tanto plus gratia atque opes valuere, ut, quorum de poena agebatur, tribuni militum consulari potestate in insequentem II annum crearentur. Quo facto haud secus quam dignum erat infensi Galli bellum propalam minantes ad suos 12 redeunt. Tribuni militum cum tribus Fabiis creati Q. Sulpicius Longus, Q. Servilius quartum, P. Cornelius Maluginensis. B.C. I 37. Cum tanta moles mali instaret - adeo obcaecat 390 animos fortuna, ubi vim suam ingruentem refringi non vult, civitas, quae adversus Fidenatem ac Veientem hostem aliosque finitimos populos ultima experiens auxilia 2 dictatorem multis tempestatibus dixisset, ea tunc, invisitato |