Another pronunciation of the same word is quaeso. (See § 224.) Acquiro, acquire; conquiro, collect; anquiro, exquiro, inquiro, perquiro, examine; requiro, miss, require.

(Furo), furere, rage (without perfect or supine); insanivi Even the first person is used as a perfect instead.

present is not found, though furis and furit are com

mon.

Fero, tuli, lātum, ferre, is irregular in several points. See below, § 213.

CHAPTER LI.

66

[§ 202.] 6. VERBS IN SO" AND "Xo."

Depso, depsui, depsitum, and depstum, knead.

Pinso, pinsui and pinsi, pinsitum and pistum (also pinsum), pound, grind.

Viso, visi, visĕre, visit. The supine visum belongs to videre, from which visere itself is derived.

Texo, texui, textum, weave.

Compounds frequently with a figurative signification: attero, add; contero, put together; obtexo, cover; pertexo, carry out; praetexo, add a hem; retexo, to undo that which is woven, destroy.

After the Analogy of the Fourth Conjugation:

Arcesso, or accerso, -īvi, -ītum, summon.

Both modes of writing this word are found in good MSS. and editions; compare Schneider's Elementarlehre, p. 257, foll., and the quotations in Kritz on Sallust, Catil., 40. The infinitive passive arcessiri or curs sometimes, as in Caes., Bell. Gall., v., 11, Oudendorp. Capesso, undertake.

Facesso, give trouble, especially with negotium and periculum, also equivalent to proficiscor, get off (facesseris, in Cic., Div., in Q. Caec., 14).

Incesso, attack; no supine. Perfect, incessivi: incessi is doubtful (Tac., Hist., iii., 77), unless we refer to this root, and not to incedo, the frequently occurring phrase, cura, desperatio, &c., incessit animos.

Lacesso, provoke.

[§ 203.] 7. Verbs in sco, either not Inchoatives,* or of which the Simple is no longer found.

Cresco, crēvi, crētum, grow.

* [On an accurate examination of their meaning, however, such verbs as cresco, nosco, &c., will be found to be actual inchoatives, and might as well have been arranged under the succeeding chapter.]-Am. Ed.

So, also, con-, de-, excresco, and without a supine, accresco, incresco grow up, and succresco, grow up gradually.

Nosco, novi, nōtum, become acquainted with. The ori ginal form is gnosco (Greek yiyvwokw), and the g reap pears in the compounds, if possible.

The perfect novi takes the signification of the present, "I know' (221); the supine is mentioned only on account of the compounds for the participle notus has become an adjective, and the participle fu ture does not occur. The comp. agnosco, recognise, cognosco (perf. cog novi, I know), and recognosco, recognise, have, in the supine, agnitum cognitum, recognitum; ignosco, pardon, has ignotum; dignosco and inter nosco have no supine.

Pasco, pavi, pastum, feed.

Depasco, feed down. The deponent pascor, feed or eat.

Quiesco, quievi, quietum, rest.

Acquiesco, repose with satisfaction; conquiesco, requiesco, rest. Suesco, suevi, suetum, mostly intransitive, grow accustom ed, or, more rarely, accustom another. But suetus sig nifies "accustomed."

So, also, assuesco, consuesco, insuesco, generally accustom one's self desuesco, disaccustom one's self. Some passages where they occur in a transitive sense (in which otherwise the compounds with facio are used, see § 183) are referred to by Bentley on Horace, Serm., i., 4, 105. Compesco, compescui (no supine), restrain.

Dispesco, dispescui (no supine), divide.

Disco, didici (no supine: disciturus in Appuleius), learn Addisco, addidici, learn in addition; dedisco, unlearn; edisco, learn by heart.

Posco, poposci (no supine), demand.

Deposco, depoposci, and reposco, demand back; exposco, expoposci, chal lenge.

Glisco, gliscere, increase.

Hisco, hiscere, open the mouth, gape.

CHAPTER LII.

INCHOATIVES.

[§ 204.] THE inchoatives (see § 234) in sco are partly formed from verbs (chiefly of the second conjugation*), and partly from nouns (substantives or adjectives), and are accordingly called inchoativa verbalia, or inchoativa nominalia, that is, verbal or nominal inchoatives. The first have no other perfect than that of the simple verb;

* According to a passage in Gellius, vi., 15, they were probably pronounced with a naturally long e; as, calēsco, pallēsco.

the others either have none, or form it in a similar way in ui. Few of the verbal inchoatives have the supine of the simple verb.

Only those which are of most frequent occurrence are given in the following list. There are a great many more, but their formation is easy and analogous. Thus we may form inchoatives to the intransitive verbs in Chap. XLV., if there is any occasion for it, and we may be assured that it occurs in some passage or other of the ancients.

1. Verbal Inchoatives with the Perfect of the Simple Verb. Acesco (aceo), acui, grow sour; coacesco, peracesco.

Albesco and exalbesco (albeo), exalbui, grow white.

Aresco (areo), arui, grow dry.

Calesco (caleo), calui, become warm.

Canesco (caneo), canui, become gray.

Conticesco (taceo), conticui, am reduced to silence.

Contremisco (tremo), contremui, tremble.

Defervesco (ferveo), deferbui, gradually lose my heat.

Delitesco (lateo), delitui, lurk.

Effervesco (ferveo), efferbui, grow hot.

Excandesco (candeo), excandui, grow of a white heat; figuratively, am

enraged.

Extimesco, pertimesco (timeo), extimui, am terrified.

Floresco, de-, effloresco (floreo), efflorui, bloom.

Haeresco, and ad-, inhaeresco (haereo), ad-, inhaesi, adhere to.

Horresco, exhorresco, perhorresco (horreo), exhorrui, am struck with horror.

Ingemisco (gemo), ingemui, groan.

Intumesco (tumeo), intumui, swell up.

Irraucisco (raucio), irrausi, become hoarse.

Languesco, elanguesco, relanguesco (langueo), elangui, become feeble.

Liquesco (liqueo), licui, melt away.

Madesco (madeo), madui, become wet.

Marcesco (marceo), comp. commarcesco, emarcesco, emarcui, fade.

Occallesco (calleo), occallui, acquire a callous surface.

Pallesco, expallesco (palleo), pallui, turn pale.

Putresco (putreo), putrui, moulder.

Resipisco (sapio), resipui and resipivi, recover wisdom.

Rubesco, erubesco (rubeo), grow red, blush.

Senesco, consenesco (seneo), consenui, grow old. The participle senectus, grown old, is little used.

Stupesco and obstupesco (stupeo), obstupui, am struck.

Tabesco (tabeo), tabui, pine, waste away.

Tepesco (tepeo), tepui, grow lukewarm.

Viresco, comp. conviresco, eviresco, reviresco (vireo), virui, grow green.

2. Verbal Inchoatives which have the Supine as well as Perfect of the Simple Verb.

Abolesco, abolevi, abolitum, cease, am annihilated.

Exolesco, exolevi, exolētum, grow useless by age. So, also, obsolesco.

Adolesco, adolevi, adultum, grow up. See § 174, Oleo.

Coalesco (alere), coalui, coalitum, grow together.

Concupisco (cupere), concupivi, concupitum, desire.

Convalesco (valere), convalui, convalītum, recover health.

Exardesco (ardère), exarsi, exarsum, am inflamed.
Indolesco (dolere), indolui, itum, feel pain.

Inveterasco (inveterare), inveteravi, atum, grow old.

Obdormisco (dormire), ivi, itum, fall asleep; edormisco, sleep out.
Revivisco (vivere), revixi, revictum, recover life.

Scisco, (scire), scivi, scītum, resolve, decree. Hence plebiscitum, populiscitum [§ 205.] 3. Inchoatives derived from Nouns.

(a) Without a Perfect.

Aegresco (aeger), grow sick.

Ditesco (dives), grow rich.

Dulcesco (dulcis), grow sweet.

Grandesco (grandis), grow large.

Gravesco and ingravesco (gravis), grow heavy.

Incurvesco (curvus), become crooked.

Integrasco (integer), become renovated.

Juvenesco (juvenis), grow young.

Mitesco (mitis), grow mild.

Mollesco (mollis), grow soft.

Pinguesco (pinguis), grow fat.

Plumesco (pluma), get feathers.

Puerasco, repuerasco (puer), become a child (again).

Sterilesco (sterilis), become barren.

Teneresco, tenerasco (tener), become tender.

(b) With a Perfect.

Crebresco, increbresco, and percrebresco (creber), crebrui, grow frequent or cur

rent.

Duresco, obduresco (durus), durui, grow hard.

Evanesco (vanus), evanui, disappear.

Innotesco (notus), innotui, become known.

Macresco (macer), macrui, grow lean.

Mansuesco (mansuetus), mansuevi, grow tame.

Maturesco (maturus), maturui, grow ripe.

Nigresco (niger), nigrui, grow black.

Obmutesco (mutus), obmutui, become dumb.

Obsurdesco (surdus), obsurdui, become deaf.

Recrudesco (crudus), recrudui, to open again (of a wound that had been closed).

Vilesco and evilesco (vilis), evilui, become cheap or worthless.

CHAPTER LIII.

FOURTH CONJUGATION.

[§ 206.] THE desiderative verbs (see § 232) in urio, e. g., coenaturio, dormiturio, empturio, have neither perfect nor supine, with the exception of esurio, desire to eat, perfect esurivi, participle esuriturus; nupturio, desire to marry, and parturio, am in labour, have only perfects, nupturivi and parturivi, but no supine.

The following verbs vary, either in the perfect or in the supine, or in both, from the regular form (ivi, itum).

Cio, civi, citum, regular; but see § 180.

Eo, ivi, itum, with its compounds. See Defective Verbs, § 215.

Farcio, farsi, fartum (also written farctum), farcire, stuff. The supine farsum is more rare, and not as good.

Confercio and refercio, fersi, fertum, fill up; effercio, infercio, are conjugated like the simple verb.

Fulcio, fulsi, fultum, fulcire, prop.

The perfect thus presents no external difference from the perfect of fulgeo.

Haurio, hausi, haustum, haurire, draw.

The supine hausum is rare, but the participle hausurus is as common as hausturus.

Queo, quivi or quii, quitum, quire. See § 216.
Raucio, rausi, rausum, raucire, am hoarse (raucus).

The compound irrauserit, in Cic., de Orat., i., 61. See § 204.
Saepio, saepsi, saeptum, saepire (some write sepio), hedge

in.

Sălio, salui, more rarely salii (saltum), salire, spring.

In the comp. desilio, exilio, insilio, &c., the perf. -silui is far better than the forms in silii and salivi, and must be restored in the authors of the best age from the MSS. See Drakenb. on Liv., ii., 10, and Schwarz on Pliny, Paneg., 66. The supine does not exist either in the simple verb or in the compounds, though the derivatives saltus, ús, desultor, insultare, lead us to a form saltum, and in compounds sultum. The regular verb salire, salt, must not be confounded with salire, spring. The former is synonymous with the obsolete salĕre or sallĕre, from which salsus is derived.

Sancio, sanxi, sancitum and sanctum, sancire, decree, sanction. Sanctus is found as a participle, though it is commonly an adjective, but sancitus is more common. Sarcio, sarsi, sartum, sarcire, patch.

Resarcio, repair.

Sentio, sensi, sensum, sentire, feel, think.

Consentio, agree; dissentio, disagree; praesentio, perceive beforehand. The compound assentio is not as common as the deponent assentior, but is founded on good authority, e. g., Cic., ad Att., ix., 9, assentio: ad Fam., v., 2, assensi; and three other instances of the perfect, which are quoted by Bünemann on Lactant., i., 15, 19.

Sepelio, -ivi, sepultum, sepelire, bury.

Venio, veni, ventum, venire, come.

Advenio, arrive; convenio, meet; obvenio, encounter; pervenio, reach; invenio, find.

Vincio, vinxi, vinctum, vincire, bind.

Devincio, bind closely, bind by duty.

Amicio, amictum, amicire, clothe. (The perfects amixi and amicui are attested by the grammarian Diomedes, p. 364, but are not found in our authors. Amicivi (amicisse), on the other hand, occurs in Fronto.)