Mentior, mentitus sum, mentiri, lie; ementior, the same. Metior, mensus sum, metiri, measure. Dimetior, measure out; emetior, measure completely; permetior. Molior, molitus sum, moliri, move a mass (moles); plan, Amolior, remove from the way; demolior, demolish, and others. Opperior, oppertus sum, in Terence, and opperitus sum ir. Plautus, opperiri, wait for. Ordior, orsus sum, ordiri, begin. Exordior, the same; redordior, begin over again. Orior, ortus sum, oriri (partic. oriturus), rise. (The partic. fut. pass. oriundus has a peculiar signification "descended" from a place or person.) The present indicat. follows the third conjugation: oreris, oritur orimur. In the imperf. subjunct. both forms orerer and orirer are found. See Liv., xxiii., 16; Tac., Ann., ii., 47; comp. xi., 23. So, also, the compounds coorior and exorior (exoreretur in Lucretius, ii., 506); but of adorior, undertake, the forms adoriris and adoritur are cer tain, whereas adorĕris and adoritur are only probable; adoreretur is com monly edited in Sueton., Claud., 12. Partior, partitus sum, partiri, divide (rarely active). Dispertior, dispertitus sum (more frequently active), distribute; impertior (also impertio, impartio, impartior), communicate. Potior, potitus sum, potiri, possess myself of. It is not uncommon, especially in the poets, for the present indicative and the imperfect subjunctive to be formed after the third conjugation; potitur, potimur, poteretur, poteremur. Sortior, sortitus sum, sortiri, cast lots. CHAPTER LVIII. IRREGULAR VERBS. [§ 211.] THE term Irregular Verbs is here applied to those which depart from the rule not only in the formation of their perfect and supine, but have something anomalous in their conjugation itself. They are, besides sum (treated of before, § 156), possum, edo, fero, volo, nolo, malo, eo, queo, nequeo, fio. 1. Possum, I am able. Possum is composed of potis and sum, often found separately in early Latin; by dropping the termination of potis, we obtain potsum, possum. It therefore follows the conjugation of sum in its terminations, but the consonants t, s, and f, produce some changes when they come together. INDICATIVE. SUBJUNCTIVE. [§ 212.] The verb ĕdo, ēdi, ēsum, edere, is declined regularly according to the third conjugation, but here and there it has syncopated forms, besides its regular ones, similar to the corresponding tenses of sum, except that the quantity of the vowel in the second person singular of the indic. present and of the imperative makes a difference, the e in es, from edo, being long by nature. tenses in which this resemblance occurs are seen in the following table: The Plur. edite, este. Sing. edito, esto. Plur. edite, este, editote, estote. edunto. .. In the Passive only editur, estur; ed eretur, essetur. In the same way the compounds abědo, ambědo, comedo, cxědo, and perědo are conjugated. 3. Fero, 1 bear. [§ 213.] Fero consists of very different parts, perfect tuli (originally tětuli, which is still found in Plautus and Terence); supine, latum; infinitive, ferre; passive, ferri. But with the exception of the present indicat. and the imperative, the detail is regular. Note. The rest is regular; imperfect, ferebam; future, feram, -es; future passive, ferar, ferēris (ferēre), feretur, &c.; present subjunctive, feram, feras; passive, ferar, feraris, feratur; imperfect subjunctive, ferrem; passive, ferrer. The compounds of fero-affero, antefero, circumfero, confero, defero, and others, have little that is remarkable. Aufero (originally abfero) makes abstuli,* ablatum, auferre. Suffero has no perfect or supine, for sustuli, sublatum, belong to tollo. Cicero, however (N. D., iii., 33), has poenas sustulit, but sustinui is commonly used in this sense. Differo is used only in the present tense, and those derived from it in the sense of "differ;" distuli and dilatum have the sense of " 'delay.". 4. Volo, I will. 5. Nolo, I will not. 6. Malo, I will rather. [§ 214. Nolo is compounded of ne (for non) and volo. The obsolete ne appears in three persons of the present in the usual form of non; malo is compounded of mage (i. e., magis) and volo, properly măvolo, măvellem, contracted malo, māllem. * [This apparent anomaly may easily be explained by supposing the au in aufero to have been originally ab, and to have been softened down in pronunciation before f. This would be the more easy, since ab must have had a sound approximating to av in English.]—Am. Ed. 50 astetom 7. Eo, I go. [§ 215.] The verb eo, ivi, itum, ire, is for the most part formed regularly, according to the fourth conjugation; only the present, and the tenses derived from it, are rregular. no s In the passive voice it exists only as an impersonal, itur, Some compounds, however, acquire a transitive meaning; they accordingly have an accusative in the active, and may also have a complete passive: e. gr., adeo, I approach; ineo, I enter; praetereo, I pass by. Thus the present indic. pass. adeor, adiris, aditur, adimur, adimini, adeuntur; subjunct. adear; imperf. adibar; subj. adirer; fut. adibor, adiberis (e), adibitur, &c.; imperat. pres. adire, adimini; fut. aditor, adeuntor; participles, aditus, adeundus. These and all other compounds, abeo, coëo, exeo, intereo and pereo (perish), prodeo, redeo, have usually only ii in the perfect: perii, redii. Circumeo and circueo, I go round something, differ only in their orthography, for in pronunciation the m was lost; in the derivatives, circuitus and circuitio, it is, therefore, with more consistency, not written. Veneo, I am sold, a neutral passive verb without a supine, is compounded of venum and eo, and is accordingly declined like ire; whereas ambio, I go about, which changes the vowel even in the present, is declined regularly according to the fourth conjugation, and has the participle ambiens, ambientis, and the gerund ambiendi. The part. perf. pass. is ambitus, but the substantive ambitus has a short i. See the Commentators on Ovid, Metam., i., 37. Note.-A second form of the future, eam instead of ibo, is mentioned by Priscian, but is not found in any other writer. It is only in compounds though chiefly in late and unclassical authors, that we find -cam, ies, iet ient, along with, ibo, ibis, &c. See Bünemann on Lactant., iv., 13, 20 |