betwixt the soul and body. Their eyes are so dim, by their long persistence in the ways of darkness, that they cannot see the paths of light; and, rather than they will pain themselves to pluck off that film, which darkens their sight, they will perish for ever: They will rather be God's enemies, so they gain a good reputation in the world, being called prudent, discreet, &c. (though that is but a mistake) than be his faithful stewards, and be backbitten and railed on by the ignorant of these our days. Did but men practise, as they say they believe, we should not see so great debaucherics, as now there are; they had rather be in their studies, with tears in their eyes, and books in their hands, than at the alehouse, tossing off cups, and delighting to see the innocent blood of poor creatures. This your discourse will try the pureness of men's hearts, as fire gold. You must expect, that the mouths of those, who continually bark at you, being already open, will not close without some noise; they will try their utmost to affright you from undertaking such noble designs, whereby you do eminently servé God, and satisfy the desires of your brethren. Well, my dear friend, go on and prosper in all your endeavours, and be sure, that, though men do strive to cast aspersions on your candid name, yet, in their hearts, they fear and reverence you. They are afraid to own that in publick before men, which, in private chambers, they twattle before boys. I say, my friend, let them be what they will, they are beneath your notice, since, by such opprobrious speeches, they cease from being christians; they cannot apprehend terrestrial friendship, how then can they heavenly? It is a general observation, that several men of one profession always discommend and undervalue one the other's work; and truly this is the same case with you: You and others are all baptised in Christ's name, and, since you own what there you vowed to do, in which they are so defective, they envy and revile you, they hate to see themselves out-done by one of their own calling: Therefore you must expect, that all formal christians, who will not go to heaven, unless they might have the world for their companion on their journey; who have a form of godliness, but deny the power thereof; who mind earthly things; who are lovers of pleasures more than lovers of God; who delight in the creature more than the Creator:' say, you may be sure, that the greatest part of those, who call them. selves christians, being ignorant of the spirit and life of religion, having religion only in their fancy, and thinking the very acts of it but wild chimeras, make it an ens rationis, or an empty notion, will despise and undervalue your writings. But, blessed be that God, who has and will uphold you against the devilish oppositions of malicious men; who has made that gall, which has been cast in your teeth, to prove sweeter than honey in your belly.

6

I could say more, did I not fear that I have already tired you. I can assure you, that no man can have a more perfect friendship for any one, than I have for you. You know, that I am, My dearest friend, your most affectionate, EDMUND FORTESCUE

March 20, -59.

THOUGH it be my opinion, that the sport of cock-fighting is absolutely sinful, yet I would not have thee think, as the vulgar will be ready to say, that I esteem as unregenerate all those who are of a contrary judgment: I do not so little consider that of the apostle, in many things we offend all:" And certainly, the immediate cause of our offences, the perversness of the will, always proceeds from the understanding, or judgment perverted, in apprehending any thing the wrong way, by which it is inclined to accept, or refuse the object, or thing proposed: But, though I do not conceive that the ignorance of the impiety of this sport is alto gether inconsistent with a regenerate state, or the habit of true godliness, in some degree, yet I'am not afraid to make known to the world, that I cannot imagine how any man, whilst he is actually like unto God, the Father of Mercies, can possibly delight and recreate himself, in seeing his fellow-creatures (which are infinitely less inferior to us, than we to our, and their Creator) so subtle and active to wound and destroy each other. Having this opinion of the sport of cock-fights, and seeing it so frequently used in the country where I live, no man, that I can hear of, opposing it as absolutely sinful, I could not retain the confidence I have, that I am, indeed, a faithful servant of the great God in the gospel. of his Son, and a true lover of the souls of men, if I should not venture to oppose it myself; though I am not ignorant, that, endeavouring to destroy this common opinion, that this sport is not meet for christians, I must necessarily expect to be counted a foolhardy and imprudent fellow. Methinks I hear many men saying unto me, appearing in publick upon this occasion, as Eliab, 1 Sam. xvii. 28, said to his brother David, "I know thy pride, and the naughtiness of thine heart." This, indeed, would somewhat disturb me, if I did not consider, that omniscience is one of the attributes of the God whom I serve.

Thinking with myself, what means I should use to effect this design, to convince the world, that the temper and disposition of any man's soul, whilst he actually delights in such a sport, must necessarily be offensive to God; at last I considered, though it be my opinion, that for any man, who has attained to a competent degree of the art of expression, to publish those notions which he has gathered from his own experience of such christian truths, as are, in some sort, generally believed, in his own words, is a work most acceptable to the God of truth; for, certainly, those notions of spiritual things which fix themselves, and reside in the head only: of the generality of those who are called christians, are usually guided unto the heart by such expressions of the same things, as come from the hearts of others: Yet, I say, at last I considered that truths of this nature, which are like to find so much opposi-› tion, will hardly be received by any, who now oppose them, unless they be brought in, as it were, with drum and trumpet; I mean, by the hands of some famous and excellent writers; and therefore I would not, at present, write of this subject, any more

than only to speak my opinion; but have rather chosen to shew the world, what some eminent divines have written of it, which I conceive was never yet read and considered by any of those who dehight in such sports, and profess to walk as Christ walked.

And here, in the name of a christian, I call to my aid (in endeavouring to evince this, that such a temper, as may actually consist with a delight in such sports, must needs be unchristian) all those who are of the same opinion, and, withal, are conscious to themselves, that God has given them an art of persuasion, an ability of conveying their own thoughts into the breasts of others, not only of those who are simply void of them, but of those also who oppugn and resist them: Such men I entreat upon all occasions, to manifest their dislike of such sports, and their reasons for it.

If these papers shall chance to be seen by the worthy and renowned author of the Whole Duty of Man, I shall humbly intreat him, as one who serves with him under Christ, the Captain of our salvation, to afford me some aid in this combate with the world, if he be of the same judgment, as, by his works, I presume he is. I doubt not, but the small thoughts and fancies, which those, who delight in this sport, are apt to conceive in favour of it, which arise in their minds, like mists and dark vapours, to obscure the reason of any thing they can ordinarily hear spoken against it, would suddenly vanish, like a morning cloud, when the sun appears, if it should be opposed by so noble a person; whose style, like a diamond, is bright and solid; whose excellent rhetorick, and beauty of expression, does not, like weaker beauty, consist chiefly in colour and complexion (in words, which are so apt to take, as they say) but in symmetry and exact proportion. And I hope, the amiable subject of his beauteous expressions will, in time, by the -help of God's spirit, draw into itself the love of many, who, as yet, are lovers of the world. If the thoughts I have expressed of this sport be not suitable to his, I desire to be better informed by him: For, I must profess, at present, it scandals me extremely to see christians, those who profess to have their bosoms a nest for the heavenly dove, to be companions of the Lamb of God, to recreate themselves in blood, though it be of the meanest creatures ; and to me no man's reason seems more strong, or expression more, clear, than what I find in the writings of this excellent person: So that, whatever he shall be pleased to write on this subject, it will either make me see myself in an error, or lead me on further in the way of truth; if my opinion be truc indeed, which, as yet, I have no reason to doubt, but that so many speak against it.

All that I have to say farther is this, that, if I did not as much despise the shame, as I am thought to desire the praise of the world, I would rather lose the hand I write with, than employ my pen upon such an occasion. But I fear not the terms of fool, or madman: It was said of my Saviour, He hath a devil." My Lord was reviled, shall I be applauded? What greater comfort

can a christian have, than in thinking how like he is to the Lord of Glory, not only in what he did, but even also in what he suffered.

Of Cock-Fights, and such like Sports.

THE baiting of the bear, and cock-fights, are no meet recreations. The baiting of the bull hath its use, and therefore it is 'commanded by civil authority, and so have not these: And the 6 antipathy, and cruelty, which one beast sheweth to another, is the fruit of our rebellion against God, and should rather move us 'to mourn, than to rejoice.' These are the words of the most learned and godly Mr. Perkins, in that famous treatise of the Cases of Conscience, printed in quarto, A. D. —32, p. 346.

That man of God, Mr. Bolton, was of the same mind with Mr. Perkins, concerning such sports: Consider,' says he (in his excellent treatise, intituled, General Directions for a comfortable Walking with God, p. 156) that rule which divines give about recreations: We must not make God's judgments and punish'ments, either upon man or beast, the matter and object of them. Now, the best divines hold, that enmity amongst themselves was ' a fruit of our rebellion against God, and more general judgment 'inflicted upon the creature after the fall. Which misery coming

Is it

upon them by our means, should rather break our hearts, and 'make them bleed, than minister matter of glorying in our shame, ' and vexing those very vexations which our impiety hath put upon 'them. Alas, sinful man! what an heart hast thou, that canst 'take delight in the cruel tormenting of a dumb creature? 'not too much for thee to behold, with dry eyes, that which only 6 thy sin hath impressed upon it, but that thou must barbarously also press its oppressions, and make thyself merry with the bleeding miseries of that poor harmless thing, which in its kind is much more, and far better serviceable to the Creator than thyself? Yet I deny not, but that there may be another lawful use of this antipathy, for the destroying of hurtful, and the enjoying of use ful creatures; so that it be without any taint or aspersion of cruelty on our parts, or needless tormenting of the silly beasts.'

Mr. Dod, and Mr. Cleaver (scorned by none but those whose revilings are praises) in their exposition of these words of Solomon, Prov. xii. 10, “A righteous man regardeth the life of his beast," having spoken against the hard usage of labouring beasts, as horses, &c. conclude thus: And yet, in another sort, more 'extremity than this is used against other sorts of creatures, and that is, when men make a sport of making them miserable; when it is a pleasure to put them to pain; when it is a pass-time to behold their torment and tearing. This proceedeth not of a tender 'heart; this is not the work of righteousness; this delight will leave no comfort behind it. Have our sins in Adam brought such 'calamities upon them, and shall we add unto them by cruelty in 6 our own persons? Have our corruptions been a cause of that

'fierceness that is in many of them one against another, and shall < we solace ourselves in seeing them execute it?'

What holy Chrysostome would have said of this sport, if he had had an occasion to treat of it, we may easily gather from these words in his twenty-ninth Homily on the Epistle to the Ro mans: Σφὶδρα εἰσὶν αἱ τῶν ἁγίων ψυχαὶ ἡμεροι, καὶ φιλάνθρωποι, καὶ περὶ τες οἰκείες, καὶ περὶ τοὺς ἀλλοτρίας. Καὶ μέχρι τῶν ἀλόγων αὐτῶν ταύτην ἐκτείνεσι τὸν ἡμερότητα; διὰ τῦτο καὶ σοφός τις ἔλεγε. ΔίκαιΘ οἰκτείρει ψυχὰς κληνῶν αὐτῷ.

The souls of those, that are truly pious, are exceeding mild and gentle, not only towards relations, but strangers also. And this lenity, or softness of heart, they extend even to irrational creatures. Therefore the wise man saith, "A righteous man regardeth the life of his beast," Prov. xii. 10.

HAVING shewn you what these men thought of the sport you af fect, I shall intreat you, if you believe sin to be a matter of eternal concernment, to consider seriously what here you have read. If you are not convinced at present, that these learned and godly men were in the right, yet I doubt not but you will be in time, if you more fully consider the matter without prejudice: At least, if you are regenerate persons: For, I conceive, by the instinct of the new creature, a man may often perceive that to be a sin, whose sinfulness is not capable of any express, or verbal, demonstration, viz. apprehending it so to be merely through a sense of the antipathy it has to that in him, which he knows is born of God, whether or no this be but a fanatick notion; and whether or no the' printing of these papers, and such like actions of mine, be indeed so foolish, and imprudent, as the world judges them to be, I will appeal only for my own satisfaction to the only wise God. Yet I shall not deny to render an account of any of my actions, in which I do, and must usually thwart the example of the generality of men, good and bad, to any man, whose authority obliges him, in any respect, to demand it of me, as my lawful superior, or consci- · ence, as my fellow christian.