Crassum ego postea praedicantem audivi, tantama illam contumeliam sibi ab Cicerone impositam.

XLIX. SED isdem temporibus "Q. Catulus et C. Piso, neque gratia, neque precibus, neque "pretio, Ciceronem impellere potuere, uti per Allobroges, aut alium indicem, C. Caesar falso nominaretur. Nam uterque cum illo gravis inimicitias exercebant; Piso obpugnatus in judicio repetundarum, propter cujusdam Transpadani supplicium injustum; Catulus ex petitione pontificatus odio incensus, quod, extrema aetate, maxumis honoribus usus, ab adolescentulo Caesare victus discesserat. Res autem 'opportuna videbatur; quod privatim egregia liberalitate, publice maxumis muneribus grandem pecuniam debebat. Sed, ubi consulem ad tantum facinus impellere nequeunt, ipsi singulatim circumeundo, atque ementiundo, quae se ex Volturcio, aut Allobrogibus audisse dicerent, magnam illi invidiam conflaverant; usque eo, ut

Q. Catulus. The princeps senatus, or chief of the senate at the time.

v C. Piso. He was consul with Glabrio, and afterwards governed the province of Gaul, where he punished the person hereafter mentioned. He was defended by Cicero.

w Pretio. By money, by bribery. A meton.

x Potuere. In some editions quivere. They are equivalent. y Repetundarum. This noun is used but in two cases, repetundarum, and repetundis, the ablative. Oppugnatus in judicio repetundarum; prosecuted in an action for extortion.

z Transpadani. A person who lived beyond the Po, with reference to Rome.

a Adolescentulo. Cæsar is here called a stripling, though he was thirty-five or thirty-six years of age, both in comparison with Catulus, who was far advanced in life, and because men were called juvenes and adolescentes, till they were forty-six, and sometimes till they were fifty years of age.

b Opportuna. Plausible, feasible, suitable.

c Publice maxumis muneribus. By the great shows which he had exhibited publicly, for the entertainment and gratification of the people.

d Eo. Some editions have usque adeo.

mënnulli equites Romani, qui, praesidii caussa, cum telis erant circum Concordiae, seu periculi magnitudine, seu animi 'nobilitate impulsi, quo studium suum in rempublicam clarius esset, egredienti ex senatu Caesari gladio minitarentur.

L. DUM haec in senatu aguntur, et dum legatis Allobrogum et Tito Volturcio, comprobato eorum indicio, praemia decernuntur; liberti, et pauci ex clientibus Lentuli, diversis itineribus, opifices atque servitia in vicis ad eum eripiendum sollicitabant, partim exquirebant duces multitudinum, qui pretio rempublicam vexare soliti; Cethegus autem, per nuncios, familiam atque libertos suos, exercitatos in audaciam, orabat, grege facto, cum telis ad sese irrumperent. Consul, ubi ea parari cognovit, dispositis praesidiis, ut res atque tempus monebat, convocato senatu, 'refert, QUID DE HIS FIERI PLACEAT, QUI IN CUSTODIAM TRADITI ERANT. eos, paullo ante, frequens senatus judicaverat, conTRA REMPUBLICAM FECISSE. Tunc D. Junius Silanus, primus sententiam rogatus, quod eo tem

Sed

e Concordia. Edem being elegantly understood; in some editions it is expressed.

f Nobilitate. Some other editions read mobilitate, which, from Sallust's predilection for Cæsar, we might suppose to be the true reading: the meaning would then be, through mere levity, to make a parade of their patriotism.

& Duces, &c. The leaders of the mob The want of commerce, which the Romans despised, and of course neglected, left the great body of the inhabitants of Rome in a state of - poverty and idleness, and ready for any desperate enterprize, to which they might be stimulated by artful demagogues.

h Familiam. Familia signifies here, and often in other places, the slaves belonging to a family.

i Suos. In some editions lectos is found after suos.

k Grege facto. Before these words ut is elegantly understood; in some editions it is expressed.

1 Refert quid, &c. Consults their pleasure with respect to those, &c.

F

pore "consul designatus erat, de his qui in custodiis tenebantur, praeterea de L. Cassio, P. Furio, P. Umbreno, Q. Annio, si deprehensi forent, supplicium sumendum decreverat: isque postea, permotus oratione C. Caesaris, "pedibus in sententiam Tib. Neronis iturum se dixerat; quod de ea re, praesidiis additis, referundum censuerat. Sed Caesar, ubi ad eum ventum, rogatus sententiam a consule, hujuscemodi verba locutus est.

. LI. "OMNIS homines, Patres conscripti, qui de rebus dubiis consultant, ab odio, amicitia, ira atque misericordia, vacuos esse decet. Haud facile animus verum providet, ubi illa obficiunt; neque quisquam omnium "lubidini simul et usui paruit. Ubi intenderis ingenium, valet si lubido possidet, ea dominatur, animus nihil valet. Magna mihi copia memorandi, P. C. qui reges Patque populi, ira, aut misericordia impulsi, male consuluerint: sed ea malo dicere, quae majores nostri, contra lubidinem animi, recte atque ordine fecere. Bello Macedonico, quod cum rege Perse gessimus, 'Rhodiorum

m Consul designatus. The consul elect first delivered his opinion.

n Pedibus iturum. In order to show that he embraced the opinion of Nero, he declared that he would walk over to the other side of the senate, where Nero sat.

• Lubidini simul, &c. Hath obeyed the dictates of passion, and of interest at the same time.

p Atque populi. In some other editions we read aut qui populi. a Perse. Perses, or Perseus, son of Philip, and last king of Macedonia, vanquished and led in triumph by Paulus Æmilius.

Rhodiorum. Rhodes, an island in the Mediterranean, consecrated to the sun, lies over against Caria and Lycia. In this island was the Colossus, or statue of Apollo, with a foot on each side of the harbour, and seventy feet high. Rhodes was famous also as a maritime state, and the place where the first code of maritime law was formed. The Rhodians were auxiJiaries to the Romans in the war against Antiochus, king of Syria, and at the close of the war received a part of his kingdom as a reward.

civitas, magna atque magnifica, quae populi Romani opibus creverat, infida atque advorsa nobis fuit: sed postquam, bello confecto, de Rhodiis consultum est, majores nostri, ne quis divitiarum magis, quam injuriae 'caussa, bellum inceptum diceret, impunitos dimisere. Item bellis Punicis omnibus, cum saepe Carthaginienses et in pace, et per inducias, multa nefaria facinora fecissent, numquam ipsi 'per occasionem talia fecere: magis, "quid se dignum foret, quam quid in illis jure fieri posset, quaerebant. Hoc idem providendum est, Patres conscripti, ne plus valeat apud vos P. Lentuli et ceterorum scelus, quam vestra dignitas; neu magis irae, quam famae, consulatis. Nam si digna poena pro factis eorum reperitur, "novum consilium adprobo: sin magnitudo sceleris omnium ingenia exsuperat, iis utendum censeo, quae legibus comparata sunt. Plerique eorum, qui ante me sententias dixerunt, composite atque magnifice 'casum reipublicae miserati sunt: quae belli saevitia, quae victis acciderent, enumeravere; rapi virgines, pueros; divelli liberos a parentium complexu; matres familiarum pati, quae victoribus collibuissent; fana atque domos exspoliari; caedem, incendia fieri; postremo, armis, cadaveribus, cruore atque luctu omnia compleri. Sed, per deos immortalis! quo

s Caussa. This word is omitted in some editions.

Per occasionem, &c. They never retaliated when opportunity offered.

u Quid. Less properly written quod in both branches of the sentence, as we find in some editions.

v Plus valeat. May not weigh more, may not be thought more important.

w Novum consilium. Unprecedented measure, viz. of putting citizens to death in defiance of the laws.

xlis. Panis being understood.

y Casum. The unfortunate condition of the state. Some read improperly causam.