via, judicium animi mutavisse, majusque commo dum ex otio meo, quam ex aliorum negotiis, reipublicae venturum. Nam saepe audivi, Q. Maxumum, P. Scipionem, praeterea civitatis nostrae praeclaros viros solitos ita dicere, CUM MAJORUM IMAGINES INTUERENTUR, VEHEMENTISSUME SIBI ANIMUM AD VIRTUTEM ACCENDI. Scilicet non ceram illam, neque figuram, tantam vim in sese habere; sed, memoria rerum gestarum, eam flammam egregiis viris in pectore crescere, neque prius sedari, quam virtus eorum famam atque gloriam adaequaverit. At contra, quis est omnium "his moribus, quin divitiis et sumptibus, non probitate neque industria cum majoribus suis contendat? etiam homines novi, qui antea per virtutem soliti erant nobilitatem antevenire, furtim et fper latrocinia potius [quam bonis artibus] ad imperia et honores nituntur; proinde quasi praetura et consulatus, atque alia omnia hujuscemodi, per se ipsa clara, magnifica sint, ac non perinde habeantur, ut eorum qui sustinent, virtus est. Verum ego "liberius al

z Q. Maxumum. Quintus Fabius Maximus, the famous opponent of Annibal.

a P. Scipionem. Publius Scipio Africanus the younger, the son of Paulus Æmilius, but adopted into the family of Scipio.

b Majorum imagines. It was the privilege only of the nobility, and of such as enjoyed a curule office, to erect statues for themselves in the area, or entrance of their houses.

Ceram. The wax of which the images were formed. d His moribus. For moribus hujus temporis. During the prevalence of such manners.

e Novi. New men: men whose ancestors had not borne any curule office.

f Per latrocinia. By undue means, by unfair practices, by roguery.

& Perinde babeantur, ut, &c. Ac is more commonly used in this sense after perinde. And should not be estimated by the virtue and abilities of those who hold them.

h Liberius, &c. Too freely, and too far. The comparative is often used in this signification.

tiusque processi, dum me civitatis morum piget taedetque: nunc ad inceptum 'redeo.

V. BELLUM Scripturus sum, quod populus Roma. nus cum Jugurtha, rege Numidarum, gessit: primum, quia magnum et atrox, 'variaque victoria fuit: dein, quia tum primum superbiae nobilitatis obviam itum est; quae contentio divina et humana cuncta permiscuit, eoque vecordiae processit, uti "studiis civilibus bellum atque vastitas Italiae finem faceret. Sed, priusquam hujuscemodi rei initium expedio, pauca "supra repetam; quo, ad cognoscendum, omnia illustria magis, magisque in aperto sint. Bello Punico secundo, quo dux Carthaginiensium Hannibal, post magnitudinem nominis Romani, Italiae opes maxume adtriverat, Masinissa, rex Numidarum, in amicitia receptus a P. Scipione, cui postea Africano cognomen ex virtute fuit, multa et praeclara rei militaris facinora fecerat : ob quae, victis Carthaginiensibus, et capto 'Syphace, cujus in Africa magnum atque late impe

iRedeo. The compound verb used for the simple eo, which must be here taken for venio; eo and venio being often used for each other.

k Numidarum. Numidia consisted of a part of that tract which is now called Barbary; the State of Algiers, including Biledulgerid.

1 Varia-victoria. The success various; sometimes in favour of the Romans, sometimes in favour of Jugurtha.

m Civilibus studiis. Civil dissentions; political party spirit. n Supra repetam. I shall trace back; I shall make a few previous observations.

• Ad cognoscendum- -magis, &c. For, quo omnia apertius cognoscantur; for the more clear understanding of all things. P Post magnitudinem nominis, &c. For, postquam nomen Romanum magnum est factum. Since the Roman name became great.

In amicitia. More commonly in amicitiam, in the sense in which it is here taken, and as it is found in other editions. Syphace. Syphax was king of the Masæsyli, Their capital was Cirta.

rium valuit, populus Romanus, quascumque urbis et agros manu ceperat, 'regi dono dedit. Igitur amicitia Masinissae bona atque honesta nobis permansit: 'imperii vitaeque ejus finis idem fuit. Dein Micipsa, filius, regnum solus obtinuit, Mastanabale et Gulussa, fratribus, morbo "absumtis. Is Adherbalem et Hiempsalem ex sese genuit; Jugurthamque, Mastanabalis fratris filium, quem Masinissa, quod ortus ex concubina erat, privatum reliquerat, eodem 'cultu, quo liberos suos, domi habuit.

VI. Qui ubi primum adolevit, pollens viribus, decora facie, sed multo maxume ingenio validus, non se "luxu, neque inertiae corrumpendum dedit; sed, uti mos gentis illius est, equitare, jaculari, cursu cum aequalibus certare: et, cum omnis gloria anteiret, omnibus tamen carus esse: ad hoc, pleraque tempora in venando agere, leonem atque alias feras primus, aut in primis ferire: plurimum facere, minumum ipse de se loqui. Quibus rebus Micipsa tametsi initio laetus fuerat, existumans virtutem Jugurthae regno suo gloriae fore; tamen, postquam hominem adolescentem, exacta sua aetate, parvis liberis, magis magisque crescere intellegit,. vehementer negotio permotus, multa cum anime suo volvebat. Terrebat natura mortalium, avida

Regi. Viz. Masinissa.

• Imperii, &c. An ambiguous construction: meaning here, that his empire in its full extent continued only during his life; the grant of the Romans ceasing at his death.

n Absumtis. An archaism for absumptis.

▾ Caltu, &c. He brought him up in the same manner, and gave him the same education, as his own children.

w Luxu. The old dative for luxui; or it may be considered as an ablative after corrumpendum, and then there will be a va riety of construction in the same sentence, which is not unusual with Sallust: Thus, in Cataline's conspiracy, chap. 25, docta literis-multa alia.

x Cum. Although.

imperii, et "praeceps ad explendam animi cupidinem praeterea opportunitas suaeque et liberorum aetatis, quae etiam mediocris viros spe praedae transvorsos agit: ad hoc, studia Numidarum in Jugurtham accensa; ex quibus, si talem virum interfecisset, nequa seditio, aut bellum oriretur, anxius erat.

VII. His difficultatibus circumventus, ubi videt, neque per vim, neque insidiis, opprimi posse hominem tam acceptum popularibus; quod erat Jugurtha manu promptus et adpetens gloriae militaris, statuit eum objectare periculis, et eo modo fortunam tentare. Igitur, bello Numantino, Micipsa cum populo Romano equitum atque peditum auxilia mitteret, sperans, vel ostentando virtutem, vel hostium 'saevitia, facile occasurum, praefecit Numidis quos in Hispaniam mittebat. Sed ea res longe aliter, ac ratus erat, evenit. Nam Jugurtha, ut erat impigro atque acri ingenio, ubi naturam P. Scipionis, qui tum Romanis imperator, et morem hostium cognovit; multo labore, multaque cura, praeterea modestissume parendo, et saepe obviam eundo periculis, in tantam claritudinem brevi pervenerat, ut nostris vehementer carus, Numantinis maxumo terrori esset. Ac sane, quod difficiliumum in primis est, et praelio strenuus erat, et bonus

y Imperii. Of power.

z Præceps, &c. Prone to gratify their inclinations.

a Me liocris.

b Transvorsos

Moderate.
Astray.

c Popularibus. For populo, beloved by the people.

d Numantino. Numantia was a city of Hispania Tarraconensis, which maintained a war with the Romans for fourteen, some say for twenty years. The rubbish of it is still to be seen at a place called Puente Garay, near the city Soria, in old Castile.

e Ostentando. By displaying.

f Sævitia. By the furious bravery.

consilio: quorum alterum ex providentia timorem, alterum ex audacia temeritatem adferre plerumque solet. Igitur imperator omnis fere res asperas per Jugurtham agere, in amicis habere, "magis magisque in dies amplecti ; quippe cujus neque consilium, neque inceptum ullum frustra erat. Huc accedebat munificentia animi, et ingenii sollertia, quîs rebus sibi multos ex Romanis familiari amicitia conjunxerat.

VIII. EA tempestate in exercitu nostro fuere complures novi atque nobiles, quibus divitiae bono honestoque potiores erant, factiosi, domi potentes, apud socios clari magis, quam honesti: qui Jugurthae non mediocrem animum pollicitando accendebant, SI MICIPSA REX OCCIDISSET, fore, UTI SOLUS IMPERII NUMIDIAE POTIRETUR: IN IPSO MAXUMAM VIRTUTEM, ROMAE OMNIA VENALIA

ESSE. Sed, postquam, Numantia deleta, P. Scipio dimittere auxilia, ipse 'revorti domum decrevit; donatum atque laudatum magnifice pro concione Jugurtham in "praetorium abduxit, ibique secreto monuit, "uti potius "publice, quam privatim amicitiam populi R. coleret; neu quibus largiri insuesceret periculose a paucis emi, quod multorum esset: si permanere vellet in suis Partibus, 3ul

Adferre. To generate, to produce. An archaism for afferre. h Magis, &c. To be more and more attached to him every day.

i Potiores, &c. By whom riches were preferred to virtue and honour.

k Non mediocrem. The ambitious.

1 Revorti.

An archaism for reverti.

m Prætorium. The general's tent.

n Publice, &c. That he should cultivate the friendship of the Roman people in their public capacity, rather than that of individuals.

• Quibus. For quibusvis, as the word is frequently used. P Artibus. In his own practices; in the exercise of those virtues and talents which he possessed.

Ultro. Without any pains or trouble to him.