He caufes the command of the war against Mithridates to

be conferred upon himself. His Collegue Cotta is fent into

Bithynia. Lucullus reforms the mutinous difpofition of his

troops. He redreffes the cities of Afia. Cotta is defeated by

Mithridates. Lucullus marches to Cotta's aid. He declines

a battle, and endeavours to undermine the enemy. Mithri-

dates decamps and marches to befiege Cyzicum. Lucullus

follows him. Siege of Cyzicum. Famine in the army of

Mithridates. Flight of that Prince. Difafter of his ar-

my. All Bithynia reconquered, except Nicomedia, in which

Mithridates is fhut up. Lucullus in two battles deftroys a

fleet fent by Mithridates into Italy. Mithridates retires

into his kingdom. He makes himself Master of Heraclea

on bis way. Lucullus pursues him, and carries the war

into bis dominions. He caufes Amifus and Eupatoria to be

blocked up. Murmurs of bis foldiers. His reafons for

giving Mithridates time to affemble a new army.

Spirit of a Roman Officer a prifoner, and generofity of Mi-

thridates in refpect to him. Accidental battle, in which

Mithridates bas fome advantage. Lucullus in danger of

being affaffinated by a Deferter. Two battles, in which the

Romans are victorious. Confternation of Mithridates's

troops, and flight of that Prince. He escapes with great

difficulty, and takes refuge in Armenia. Forts and caftles

of Mithridates delivered up to Lucullus. Prifoners of State

fet at liberty. Death of Roxana and Statira, fifters of

Mithridates. Death of Berenice, one of that Prince's

wives. Death of Monima. Lucullus returns to the feges

of Eupatoria and Amifus. Taking of those two cities. The

Grammarian Tyrannion taken prisoner, and made free by

Murena.

Noble

240

Sect. II. Horrible oppreffions exercifed in Afia by the Roman

tax-farmers and ufurers. Wife regulatious of Lucullus for

the redress of Afia. Complaints of the Financers. Joy of

the ftates of Afia. Great power of Tigranes. His pride

and pomp. He gives audience to Appius, fent by Lucullus

to demand Mithridates. Interview and reconciliation be-

tween Mithridates and Tigranes. Heraclea taken and de-

ftroyed by Cotta. That Proconful on his return to Rome,

is deprived of the dignity of Senator. Sinope taken by Lu-

cullus. Dream of Lucullus. Pontus entirely fubjected.

Lucullus paffes the winter there. He prepares to march

againft

against Tigranes. Senfelefs and incredible pride of Tigranes.

One of his Generals defeated and killed. Tigranes abandons

Tigranocerta. Lucullus befieges that city. Tigranes marches

in queft of Lucullus. Lucullus advances to meet bin. Batıle.

Flight of Tigranes. Incredible flaughter of his army. Mitbri-

dates rejoins Tigranes. Taking and destruction of Tigranocerta.

Lucullus gains the affection of the conquered Barbarians. Ti-

granes fends ambaffadors to the King of Parthia. Letter of

Mithridates to the fame prince. Lucullus is defirous to attack

the Parthians, but is prevented by the difobedience of his ful-

diers. Tigranes and Mithridates raife a new army. Lucalius

passes mount Taurus in order to join them. To force them

to a battle, be prepares to befiege Artaxata. The battle is

fought, and Lucullus gains the victory. The mutiny of bis

foldiers prevents him from compleating the conqueft of Ar-

menia. He befieges and tak s Nifibis. Commencement of

Lucullus's bad fuccefs. His haughtiness had alienated the

hearts of bis foldiers. Origin of the difcontent of his troops.

The revolt of the troops carried to excess by the feditious dif-

courfes of P. Clodius. Mithridates and Tigranes arm again.

Bloody defeat of Triarius. Invincible obftinacy of Lucullus's

foldiers. They proceed to incredible infolence, and abandon

bim. Lucullus's victories occafioned the mi fortune of Craf

fus. Pompey is elected to fucceed Lucullus. Bad fteps of

Pompey in regard to Lucullus. Interview of the two Gene-

rals. Their conversation begins with politeness, and ends with

reproaches. Lucullus returns to Italy,
275

Sect. III. Emulation of Pompey and Craffus. Riches of

Craffus. Methods by which he acquires them. Popular

and infinuating behaviour of Craffus. Co'dn fs and referve

of Pompey. Motives for that conduct. The competition

between Pompey and Craffus was always exempt from vio-

lence. Variable character of Craffus's condu t.
His tafte

for letters and the fciences. They both stand for the Conful-

fhip at the fame time, and are elected. Instructive manual

compofed for Pompey by Varro. Mifund rftanding between

the two Confuls. Pompey peffes in review as a Roman

Knight before the Cenfors. He reinstates the Tribunitian

office in all its rights. Corruption of the Judges. Horten-

fius bad a great fhare in this corruption. Law for divid-
ing the administration of justice between the Sen ite, Knights,
and the Tribunes of the Treafury. Accufation of Verres,

bis crimes. Confidence of Verres in his money. Verres ba-

nishes himself, without waiting the fentence. Sufpicion

little probable, caft by Plutarch upon Cicero. That orator

compofed the five pieces of the accufation of Verres after

the affair. Sixty-four Senators ftruck out of the lift by the

Cenfors. The clifing of the Luftrum. Above nine bun-

.dred thousand citizens. The two Confuls are reconciled,

and difmifs their armies. Birth of Virgil. Confecration

of the Capitol. Cicero's Edileship. War declared against

the Cretans. First fucceffes of Hortenfius at the bar:

His affability; and friendship with Cicero. 2. Marcius

fole Conful. He goes to command in Cilicia. Pompey

charged with the war against the Pirates. Troubles in the

city. Law of Rofcius concerning the Roman Knights.

Contests between Cornelius the Tribune and Pifo the Conful

in respect to their laws against canvaffing. Pifo excludes

Palicanus from the Confulfhip. Law of Cornelius concern-

ing exemptions granted by the Senate only. Another law to

oblige the Prators to adjudge caufes conformably to their

edits. Violent State of the Commonwealth. Cornelius

accufed. Cicero defends him. Pompey charged with the

war against Mithridates. Manilius's motive in caufing the

command of the war against Mithridates to be given to

Pompey. Cicero Præter. He condemns Licinius Macer.

He takes upon him the defence of Manilius.

315

Gabinius proposes a law tô

the fea. Alarm of the Se

Sect. I. Power of the Pirates.

give Pompey the command of

nate on account of that law. Pompey's Speech, who af=

fects to defire to be difpenfed with from accepting that_em-

ployment. Gabinius's Speech to compel Pompey to accept

it. Two Tribunes oppofe the law ineffectually. Speech of

Catulus, to fhew the inconveniencies of it. The law paffles.

The price of provifions immediately falls at Rome. Plan

formed by Pompey for fcouring all the feas of Pirates. In

forty days, be clears all the coaft of the Weft. In forty-

nine days more be compleats the enterprize. Varro, Pom-

-pey's Lieutenant, receives a naval crown. War of Metel-
lus in Crete. Pompey grants his protellion to the Cretans
against Metellus. Debates upon that fubje&t in Crete. Me-
tellus fubjects that ifland, which had hitherto been free.

Adual

Atual fituation of Mithridates: Law propofed by Mani-

lius for charging Pompey with the war against that Prince.

The Senate oppofes it. Cicero fupports the law. Reflection

upon his conduct on that occafion. Praife of Pompey's lenity

and justice. The law paffes. Pompey's diffimulation. Mithri

dates is alone and without allies. Negotiation fet on foot be-

tween Pompey and Mithridates. That Prince fwears never to

make peace with the Romans. Motions of the two Armies.

Battle fought in the night. Mithridates is defeated. Flight

of Mithridates. He refolves to march round the Euxine

Sea in order to gain the Bofphorus. The fun of Tigranes

revolts against his father, and throws himself into the arms

of Pompey. Pompey enters Armenia. Tigranes comes to

bis camp to fubmit to his difcretion. Pompey gives Tigranes

audience. The old king is left in poffion of Armenia, and
bis fon is laid in chains by Pompey. Difpute in point of
tenderness and refpe&t between Ariobarzanes and his fon, 369

Sect. II. Pompey advances towards mount Caucafus, and de-

feats the Albanians. He alfo defeats the Iberians. Being

arrived at the mouth of the Phafis, he returns the fame

way he came through Albania. He gains a new victory

over the Albanians. It was falfely faid, that there were

Amazons in this battle. Pompey avoids entering into a war

with the Parthians. Wisdom and temperance of Pompey.

Stratonice, mother of Xiphares, furrenders a caftle in her

keeping to Pompey. Adventure of Stratonice's father. Pom-

pey's Generofity. Pompey's regulation in respect to the

Dominions taken from Mithridates. Pompey goes to Sy-

ria. Actual state of that Kingdom. Pompey reduces it

into a Roman province. Kings of Commagena. Mithri-

dates on bis arrival at the Bofphorus caufes bis fon Ma-

chares to be killed. Odd kind of justice of Mithridates. He

caufes Xiphares to be murthered. He fends an embassy to

Pompey without effect. New preparations of Mithridates.

He conceives thoughts of marching to Italy by land. Mur-

murs of his troops. Pharnaces excites them to take arms

against his father. The revolt becomes general. Mithri-

dates is befieged in the castle of Panticapeum. He makes im-

precations against Pharnaces. His death. Judgment con-

cerning his character and merit. Pompey is informed of the

death of Mithridates in the plains of Jericho. Thanksgiv-

ing to the gods at Rome. Pompey fecures the tranquil-

lity of Syria. Troubles in Judea. Pompey marches

against Jerufalem. He feizes the city, and befieges the

Temple. Taking of the Temple. Religious conftancy of

the Jewish Priests. Pompey enters the San&tum San&torum.

Generous conduct of Pompey. Riches and infolence of De-

metrius bis freedman. Exceffive indulgence of Pompey in

refpect to those be loved. He comes to Amifus, where he

receives the body of Mithridates. He confirms the poffef-

fion of the kingdom of the Bosphorus to Pharnaces. His re-

turn. His particular regard for the Philofopher Poffidonius.

He is informed of the bad conduct of his wife Mucia, and

repudiates her. His marriages.

BOOK XXXVII.

404

Sect. I. Noble birth of Catilina. Heroick valour of Sergius

Silus bis great grandfather. Character of Catilina. Cor-

ruption of Manners of the Romans. He is accused of incest

with a Veftal, and acquitted. After his Prætorfiip, he go-

verns Africa, and on bis return to Rome he is accused of ex-

tortion. Firft confpiracy of Catilina. Cæfar and Craffus

fufpected of having a fhare in it. The confpirators miss their

aim. Catilina is acquitted of extortion. Cæfar being Edile

gives magnificent fhews to the People. He fets up the ftatues

of Marius in the Cap. tal. Diverfity of opinions in refell to

tkat bold at. Famous faying of Catulus. Cæfar attempts

in vain to get bin felf fent to Egypt. Succeffion of the Kings

of Egypt frm Latiy us Will of Alexander III. The

Cenfors Catulus and Craffus differ with each other, and ab-

dicate. Conftancy of Cato in rejecting the follicitation of Ca-

tulus Cato's Family. His infancy. His tender friendship

for his brother. Cato's paffion for the Stoick Philofophy.

He applies kimfelf to Eloquence. He labours to increafe bis

fengib and to karden bis bady. He accustoms bimself to

drink to excefs. He takes pleasure in acting contrary to the

tafle of his age. His baughty conftancy. The great pru-

dence of bis youth. He marries. He bad ferved as a vo-

luntier in the war of Spartacus. He ferves as a legionary

Tribune in Macedonia. His admirable conduct in that em-

ployment. Cato makes the tour of Afia. His fimplicity and

mildness. Pompey gives him a reception, that teaches the

States of Afia to refpect him. Dejotarus cannot prevail upon

him to accept prefents. He prepares to ftand for the Qua-

Storfbip