Ver. 2: 28, 29), may serve as a specimen of this dialect. The words of the prophet are והיה לסרי כן - כמו והיה באחרית הימיס [ישעיה ג'] : ולמר לסרי כן לפי פלמר וידעתס כי נקרן יסרקל לני • חמר עתה תדעו ולל ידיעה שלמה כי עוד תשונו ותקטלו לפני לכל לסרי זלת הידיעה יכל זמן שתדעו אותי ידיעה שלמה ולל תקטלו עוד וקול לימות המטיס סכfמר כי מלקה הקרן לעס את יהוה [ישעיה יל]: לשפוך רוחי על כל נטר • פירוט ניטרלל כמו סfמר כמקוס 6סר כל נסר וליכו לכל בעלי קייס קלק הקלס לגלו • ולומר ויברך כל נער [תליס קמ"ה] • יכל כל כפר [ישעיה סו] • כן פרט הנה כל כשר על ישראל הבלוייס להיות רוח הקודט עליסס. ולמר כל ר'ל' הגדוליס וסקטניס • כמו סbמר כי כולס ידעו אותי למקטנס ועל גדולס [ירמי' ל"6] • ורוקי היל רוק דעה והשכל כמו סfמר [ישעיה י"ח] ונחה עליו רוח ה' ולח"כ פי' רוח חכמה ובינה רוח עלה וגבורה רוח דעת ויראת יהוה • ומפכי שיזדכך סכלס יגנר כמקכתס כס הדבור על שיתנכלו • כי ל6 bמר כי כולס יתנכלו קלק וככלו ככיכס וככותיכס . ונספיכות הרוק fמר על כל נשר לכל כככולס לf fמר כל חלק וככלו כניכס וככותיכס ולמר זקניכס כסוכיכס לס כולס והול על דרך שכתב החכס הגדול הרב רבי משה בן מיימון ז"ל' כי לס תנול לbלס הננולה ולפי' עס תלמלות 6לס 6ס כן קלס לו טבע בעת היצירה • והנניס והנכות יתנכלו בנערותס כמו סמוסל הגנים והנכוחה תהיה להס כמכלה החלוס כמו סfמר חלומות חזיונות • וכן היתה ככולת רוב הגניליס • כמו טfמר [במדבר יג] לס יהיה ככילכס ס' כמרלס קלין לתודע בחלוס ללכר בו. וכן יהיו נסס מעלות זה למעלה מזה כמו ססיו כככיליס סעכרו על סלולי יהיה נקס כמשה רבינו ע"ה' והנה זכר ג' מעלות bשר נטנות הללס ימי הנערות וימי הבחרות וימי הזקנות: וגס על העגליס • כמו שfמר [ישעי'ס'6] ועמדו זריס ורעו כלככס וככי ככר לכריכס וכורמיכס וגס 6ותס לפי שיעמלו כfרן ישראל ויעבדו את ישראל תהיה להס רוח דעת והשכל • ועניין שפיכות הרוח כל' שתהיה נקס כוס לרוב כענין השפיכה • כן fמר ושפכתי על בית דוד ועל יושב ירוסלס רוח חן ותקנוניס. Translation of the commentary. :2 .Isa), וְהָיָה בְּאַחֲרִית הַיָּמִים as if he had said , וְהָיָה אַחֲרֵי־כֵן after this, because he had said, “And ye shall ,אַחֲרֵי-כֵן pression , 2.) And it shall come to pass in the last days. He employs the ex know that I am in the midst of Israel." His meaning was,2 Ye shall know now, but not with a perfect knowledge; for, as yet, ye continue But after this knowledge, the time will come when to sin3 before me. APPENDIX A. RABBINIC CHARACTER AND STYLE. §1. This dialect is so called from the principal writers who have employed it, viz. the Jewish Rabbins. Their most important writings have generally had respect, either to the Hebrew language, the Scriptures of the Old Testament, or to the traditions which constitute the Oral Law, and which the Jews regard as of equal authority with the Scrip tures. These writings have been composed in various ages, chiefly since the eleventh century of the Christian era. Among the most valuable of them are the commentaries of Solomon Jarchi, Aben Ezra and David Kimchi, which are published, with others, in the Hebrew Rabbinic Bibles of Bomberg and Buxtorf. That of Solomon Jarchi is extant also in a Latin translation published by J. F. Breithaupt, (Gotha 1718 3 vols. small 4to.) For a general account of Rabbinic writers, see Bartolocci's Bibliotheca Rabbinica, Wolf's Bibliotheca Hebraea, Vols. I and 111, and the "Vitae Celebrium Rabbinorum" in Reland's Analecta Rabbiniem, 2. The Rabbinic resembles the ancient Hebrew more nearly than it does the Chaldee, although Chaldes forms are by no means ra18, The following are the principal points, in respect to which it varies from both Hebrew and Chalden 1. Form of the letters. They may be characteised me a wast Hebrew running hand. They are the buming ye shall know me with a perfect knowledge, and shall no longer sin, viz. in the days of the Messiah, when it is written1 that the earth shall be full of the knowledge of the Lord. (Isa. 11: 9.) "I will pour out my Spirit upon all flesh." The meaning is, upon Israel; as it is written in other places, all flesh, when the expression does not relate to all beings that possess life, but to man alone. So it is written,5 "Let all flesh bless, etc." (Ps. 145: 21.), and, “All flesh shall come, etc." (Isa. 66: 23.) So, in a restricted sense, here, "all flesh" relates to Israelites fit to receive the Holy Spirit. 6 "All," that is, great and small; as it is written,5 "For they shall all know me, from the least of them, unto the greatest of them," Jer. 31: 34. "My Spirit," that is, the spirit of knowledge and wisdom; as it is written,5 (Isa. 11: 2.) "The Spirit of the Lord' shall rest upon him," and the prophet goes on to explain,8 "the spirit of wisdom and understanding, the spirit of counsel and might, the spirit of knowledge and of the fear of the Lord." After their understanding shall have been purified, the power of speech in some of them shall be increased until they shall prophesy. For he says, not, "They shall all prophesy," but, "Your sons and your daughters shall prophesy." In respect to the effusion of the Spirit, he says, "upon all flesh;" but in regard to prophecy, he says, not all, but, " And your sons and your daughters shall prophesy." So he says, your old men and your young men," not all of them. And this accords with the manner in which that wise and great man, R. Moses Ben-Maimon, of blessed memory,9 wrote. "The gift of prophecy (he says,) is not conferred upon a man, even1o with instruction, unless nature prepared it for him at the time of his birth." 9 The sons and the daughters shall prophesy in their youth, like Samuel the prophet. And the prophetic revelations shall be given to them in seeing dreams; as he says, "dreams, visions." And such was the prophesying of most of the prophets; as it is written,5 (Num. 12: 6.), "If there be a prophet among you, I, the Lord, will make myself known to him in a vision, and will speak unto him in a dream." So also there shall be degrees among them, one more exalted than another, as there were among the prophets who have passed; until perhaps there will be among them one equal to Moses our master, (peace be upon him).11 And observe, he mentions three degrees which [correspond] to the ages of man, childhood, youth, and old age. "Also upon the servants;" as it is written,5 (Isa. 61: 5.), And strangers shall stand and feed your flocks, and the sons of the alien shall be your ploughmen and your vine-dressers." And even upon them, be cause they dwell in the land of Israel and serve Israel, shall be the spirit of knowledge and understanding. The expression pouring out of the Spirit, is equivalent to saying, "The Spirit shall be upon them abundantly," [so as to be] like a literal pouring out. Thus it is written,5 (Zech. 10: 12.), "And I will pour upon the house of David, and upon the inhabitants of Jerusalem the spirit of grace and of supplications." 1 Verse 27. 2 Lit. he said. n is used with very great latitude. 3 Lit. ye return and sin. t is instead of th. 5 4 phot, lit. concernCompare the preceding that is to say. 7', ab8 Abbreviations. Fully See below, note 4. ing which it is said. note. 6 ́ ́, an abbreviation for 7, breviation of oto, the name, i. e. Jehovah. written they would read. is a Rabbinic particle, equivalent to the Hebrew 7. p is Piel (2), comp. § 2. 5. 95, abbrevia .זכרונו לברכה tion of which is contracted of ולפילו abbreviation for, ולפי' 10 .עליו השלוס .i. e, ע' 11 the two particles 16 qb, even if. So the Mo hammedans say whenever they repeat the name of their prophet. APPENDIX B. ON THE SYRIAC LANGUAGE NOW SPOKEN IN THE EAST. THE passage on page 12 respecting the existence of the Chaldee at the present day, as indeed nearly the whole of the Introduction, was translated directly from the work of Prof. Winer. After it was in type, it was suggested to the translator that the language there employed might occasion incorrect impressions. In consequence of this suggestion, the reference to an appendix was given. Remains of the Syriac, as a spoken language, unquestionably exist in the East. This is testified by various travellers, and recently by the Rev. Eli Smith, American Missionary, who is now publishing in this country the results of an exploring tour in Armenia. The fact that the term Chaldee has been occasionally employed, in relation to these remains, has perhaps arisen from the circumstance, that a portion of the nominal Christians among whom they are found, (viz. those who acknowledge the authority of the see of Rome), have been designated as the Chaldean church; or perhaps from the circumstance that these Christians reside in the region of the ancient Chaldea. Still the statements on p. 12 are believed to be correct, so far as the ancient Chaldee is concerned. Niebuhr himself, who uses the term |