Peal, e. g. 77

Gen. 3: 5. etc. are to be set down to the regular punctuation. Analogy requires

R, 1st part. account of ir

Note 3. In this declension may be reckoned, emph. 1,

etc. as if from D.

This declension corresponds with the sixth in Hebrew according to Prof. Stuart's arrangement, and includes all nouns which correspond to the Segholate forms in Hebrew. They may be written in Chaldee, as in Hebrew, either with two vowels, the second of which is always considered a furtive vowel; as 3,(these forms almost exclusively in the biblical Chaldee), 2, (TP); or with only one vowel, which belongs between the last two consonants; They are inflected, for the most part, as

in Hebrew. But,

a. In the Plural absol. the forms and become, as they do in most other inflections, 7 and 8.

b. The form sometimes follows the analogy of Hebrew; as NER Dan. 2: 37; sometimes takes; as n Ez. 5:8. Very rarely, Hholem is retained; as, Isa. 53: 2.

c. In a few cases the of the form remains moveable in its inflections; e. g. Nga Ez. 5: 3. my Sol. S. 4: 8.

d. Nouns of the forms and in the course of inflection, generally take or under their first radical, according to the paradigm. Comp. Dan. 4: 6. 5: 12. Gen. 32: 16. Isa. 53: 2. Nouns having gutturals for their first or

and some others take עֶדֶר חֵכֶם, נֶגֶד חֲזֵר

. עַבְדָּא, עֲבֵד ;טַעֲמָא טְעֵם second radical, naturally take -; as

e. Participles Ithpeel, with a few nouns, not properly Segholates, follow the analogy of this declension; e. g. p, inflected precisely

מְלֵךְ like

34. Fourth Declension.

The fourth declension includes all nouns which double the final consonant when they receive accession. They are mostly monosyllables derived from verbs

long vowels

. The

and (for the most part) are exchanged in the course of inflection for the corresponding short vowbecomes; as N, NE; TH, TH

els. In some nouns

Ex. 19:23. baba,

baba Dan. 7: 9.

has in the emph. st. 3 etc. with the tone on the penultimate ; but with suff. which draw the tone forward, in Dan. 2: 38. 7: 19.

35. Fifth Declension.

The fifth declension includes nouns, participles, and infinitives, derived from verbs and terminating in N, ","or"; as generally appears, in the course of declension, as the third radical, displacing the substituted in forms like 3. The termination of the plural absolute is sometimes contracted into. More rarely it follows the Hebrew analogy, and terminates in ; as Job 1:.13. Lam. 1: 3. Sometimes, perhaps by mistake of transcribers, it is pointed; as Dan. 7: 3. 12 Gen. 3: 15. Jeru. Targum, where the connexion decides that these forms are masculine. In the const. and emph. plural, no trace of the radical remains.

Note 1. Peculiar forms of this declension. Is. 10: 2.- Plur. Lev. 19: 10.

.21 :2 Ruth רְבַיָּא .Pl רְבֵי-.Targ

Pl. with suff. 777

Pl. 77p? Deut. 6: 3. Jer.

Note 2. Infinitives Peal of verbs are sometimes regularly inflected in this declension. Comp. Dan. 4: 23. 2 Sam. 13: 6. Ez. 5: 9: But sometimes the & is dropped; as 1 K. 18: 16.2 Sam. 13: 5. i Josh. 3: 3. Gen. 23: 2.

$ 36. Sixth declension.

Here belong the derivative nouns terminating in the formative syllable *_ ("N__), compare § 27. 3. They are mostly gentile or patronymic nouns, or ordinal numerals.

=

a. These nouns, when they receive accession, change their final into N, which is likewise moveable, and commences a new syllable. As a consequence, – is here changed into

b. The plur. emph. terminates in, agreeing in form with the construct, as has been remarked above § 29. 3. c.

72 Dan. 2: 5. N

Exc. from b.

3: 8. Ez. 4: 12, 23. rivatives from verbs ciples. (Comp. the

Dan. 3: 2, 3. 7 Dan. 5: 1, 5. This declension includes also some dewhich terminate in but are not passive partipreceding decl.); e. g. "by, pl. "

Jer. T. Ps. 104: 13. 1, emph. I, pl. 71 Jer. 19: 4.

$37. Seventh declension.

Gen. 1: 6.

The seventh declension includes all invariable feminines, i. e. all nouns with the feminine endings §—, "— and 1, the final syllable of which commences with only one consonant; as N height, NY counsel, strength,

a roll, goodness, a nurse.

Whatever vowels precede this termination are immutable; so that the paradigm exhibits all the changes of these nouns in accordance with the principles stated in §§ 28, 29.

Note. In forms like a, if the penultimate be a simple syllable, the Sheva which takes the place of the final Qamets in the emphatic and suffix states singular is silent; e. g. mɛdhīnā, emph. mɛdhīntā: if the penultimate be a mixed syllable, that Sheva is vocal; as megillä, emph. megilletha.

$38. Eighth declension.

The eighth declension includes all those feminines, the final syllable of which commences with two consonants; e. g. NDT a lip, N (i. q. orodń) a robe, ɔr purity.

a. Nouns in N of this declension must evidently supply a vowel in the emph. and suff. states; for otherwise they would exhibit the impossible forms N, n, etc., viz. with two vocal Shevas in immediate succession. This supplied vowel is Hhireq or Pattahh, (the latter with gutturals); more rarely Seghol; e. g. ND, NADU NEN, NAAN,

Ny belongs here, and is treated as if written ; e. g. emph. st. Ny but the vowel of the first syllable is dropped for the sake of euphony.

b. The paradigm b. comprises all feminines in N, derived from verbs, which have a consonant without a vowel, immediately preceding this termination. The supplied vowel is Hhireq, in which qui

esces.

c. Those in and are regular in the sing. like Dec. VII. In the plur., as becomes necessary, they also take a supplied vowel, Hhireq or Pattahh.

$ 39. Ninth declension.

Here belong feminines in

derived from masculines In the emphatic

in of Dec. VI. Comp. § 28. 1. Note 1.

state and before suffixes, is exchanged for

moveable, though ordinal numerals, for the most part, take" or "—

or entirely drop it; e. g. Ny

שְׁבִיעִיתָא .9 :2015 .Deut

v. 12. (but comp.

7: 19.) The same substitution of

Lev. 25:22. N

:

7, Dan.

occasionally ap

for

pears even in the absolute and construct plural; as 777 Gen. 13: 15.

Note 1. As in Hebrew, the fem. forms are sometimes so mixed that the singular is of one declension and the plural of another; e. g.

Note 2. When feminine nouns are formed from masculines by adding the terminations N, and, the changes in the ground-form are precisely the same which appear in the emph. st. of masculines. Note 3. Segholates in

ly as in Hebrew.

are rare. They are inflected precise

§§ 40—42. IRR. NOUNS—ADJECTIVES—NUMERALS.

§ 40. Irregular and defective nouns.

61

These are doubtless such as were in most frequent use. The following are the principal. 8, N, ON, NON, UIN, "ON, IN, NON, DE, na, na, om, 3, 72, 73, 02,

Their anomalies are .שום or שם and רִישׁ, קְרִיפִירִי

given in the vocabulary.

§ 41. Adjectives.

The most frequent forms of adjectives are ; less usual arep and Sp.

and
flected like nouns.

$ 64.

They are in

For the comparison of adjectives see

Note. Adjectives of the first, third, and fourth declensions have their feminines generally declined according to the seventh; those of the second and fifth, according to the eighth; and those of the sixth, according to the ninth.

$42. Numerals.

1. Cardinals. a. These, from 3 to 10, present the same anomaly as in Hebrew, the masculines being indicated by fem. forms, and the feminines by masc. forms. See Par. XI.

Note. sometimes takes suffixes, and then appears in the form 17; e. g. 7in both of them, Gen. 2: 25. in both of you, Gen.

27: 45.

b. From 11 to 19. The units are prefixed toy for the masc., and to for the fem. It must be remarked however, (1) That the units appear somewhat different from the regular form, (comp. the paradigm), and (2) That, in the later Targums, the units and or are contracted into one word. These forms are presented in the paradigm in parentheses.

c. The tens from 30 to 90 are, as in Hebrew, simple plurals of the units 3—9; e. g. 7 thirty, forty, etc. Eighty is somewhat irregular viz. 732 [i. e. 122] or 2, Jer. 41: 5. Ex. 7: 7.

Though .עֶסְרִין or עַסְרִין,Twenty is expressed by the plural of ten

masc. in form, these are all of the common gender.