uniformity of the course of Nature," as stated by Mill, and the "law of universal causation"?

5. Explain the principle of the Joint Method of Agreement and Difference; and give an instance of its application.

6. Under what circumstances may we safely conclude from an effect to the pre-existence of conditions competent to produce it? Illustrate your answer by the inquiries of geology into the origin of rocks, and by Laplace's theory of the origin of the solar system.

7. Mill distinguishes between different kinds of empirical laws. Show what these are, what are their points of agreement, and the kind of proof of which each is susceptible.

8. How would you distinguish analogy from complete induction? And on what considerations does the strength of an analogical argument depend? Illustrate your answer by the theory, suggested by the analogy of the earth, that the other planets are inhabited.

MENTAL PHILOSOPHY.

The Board of Examiners.

1. What is the relation of Psychology to other sciences.?

2. How would you distinguish between the psychology and the philosophy of Perception?

3. Explain the manner in which visual is connected with tactual perception. Can you account for the fact that we see objects erect, though their images on the retina are inverted ?

4. Mention, and characterise, different varieties of Constructive Imagination.

5. How was Kant led to believe that there are a priori elements of human knowledge? What problem did he endeavour to solve by his table of Categories, and on what principle were these derived and arranged?

6. What are the limits of human knowledge, as conceived by Hamilton? And what considerations led him to the assertion of an Unconditioned Reality? Can his position here be maintained?

7. What, according to Mansel, is the form of consciousness in general, and what the forms of intuitive and of representative consciousness? Compare his teaching on these subjects with that of Kant.

8. State, and consider, Mansel's treatment of the doctrine of material substance.

MORAL PHILOSOPHY.

The Board of Examiners.

1. Explain the attitude of Socrates towards the teaching of the Sophists.

2. Name the cardinal virtues enumerated by Plato, explaining the meaning to be attached to each. Can you connect these with his psychology?

3. Reproduce, with any comments, Aristotle's doctrine of the mean.

4. What account is given by Locke of the foundation of morality? On what grounds would such a theory be regarded by Herbert Spencer as inadequate?

5. Butler observes that "benevolence, and the want of it, singly considered, are in no sort the whole of virtue and vice." What reasons does he give?

6. Explain the principle of Autonomy of the Will, as held by Kant, and the importance which he attaches to it.

~. Examine critically Mill's statement of the Sanctions of Morality.

8. What is Herbert Spencer's explanation of the genesis of the moral consciousness, and, in particular, of the notion of moral obligation? Examine the validity of his doctrine.

NATURAL PHILOSOPHY.-PART I.

Professor Andrew.

Candidates must not answer each of two alternative

questions.

Candidates must shen some knowledge in each division of the paper, and a satisfactory knowledge in two divisions.

DYNAMICS.

1. Define a "dyne." How many dynes would generate a velocity of 10 centimetres per second in a mass of 100 grammes in 10 seconds?

or 1. A body of mass 100 grammes lies on a smooth horizontal surface. A constant force acts upon it for 10 seconds, and it has then acquired a velocity of a metre per second. Find the force in dynes.

2. Distinguish between stable and unstable equilibrium, and illustrate your answer by any wellknown toy.

or 2. Is it possible to make forces of 2, 4, 7 lbs. weight balance ? Why? With the usual arrangement of strings and pulleys show how you would construct a diagram to test the parallelogram law for forces of 5, 6, 7 lbs. weight in equilibrium.

3. Draw a diagram of a clock escapement, shewing how the descending weight keeps up the swing of the pendulum.

or 3. Explain fully the construction, action, and principle of Watt's governor.

4. What are the characteristics of the three states of matter, and what are the corresponding molecular relations?

or 4. State the proposition known as the "hydrostatic paradox," and give an experimental explanation of it.

5. Describe the construction, and explain the mode of using, and the principle of the mercurial barometer, and how by observation with it the pressure intensity of the atmosphere may be found.

or 5. State Graham's law of diffusion of gases. Describe an experimental verification of part of the law and a practical application of it.

6. What are the constant?

- 130° C.

HEAT AND LIGHT.

standard temperatures?

Are they

Alcohol freezes at a temperature of
What is the corresponding reading

on the Fahrenheit and Réaumur scales ?

or 6. Describe the construction and explain the use and the principle of Lavoisier's Ice Calorimeter, and the sources of error in using it.

7. The density of ice at 0° C. is 0.918; find the coefficient of volume dilatation of water at the same temperature.

or 7. A kilogramme of water at a temperature of 100° C. is mixed with a kilogramme of pounded ice at 0° C. with no loss of heat by radiation, &c. The minimum temperature of the mixture is 10-3° C. Hence find the latent heat of liquefaction of water.

8. If a man's hand be clean and moist he may safely plunge it into molten lead. Explain this.

or 8. A cloud of definite shape appears to rest upon the peak of a lofty mountain when a strong wind is blowing across it. Explain this.