quam teget, quem arma non texerint. Praeterea, milites, non eadem nobis et illis necessitudo impendet: nos pro patria, pro libertate, pro vita certamus; illis supervacaneum est pro potentia paucorum pugnare.

5

"Quo audacius adgredimini, memores pristinae virtutis. Licuit vobis cum summa turpitudine in exsilio aetatem agere, potuistis nonnulli Romae amissis bonis alienas opes exspectare: quia illa foeda atque intoleranda viris videbantur, haec sequi decrevistis. Si haec relinquere voltis, audacia opus est: nemo nisi victor pace bellum mutavit. Nam in fuga 10 salutem sperare, cum arma, quibus corpus tegitur, ab hostibus avorteris, ea vero dementia est. Semper in proelio eis maxumum est periculum qui maxume timent, audacia pro muro habetur.

"Cum vos considero, milites, et cum facta vostra aestumo, 15 magna me spes victoriae tenet. Animus, aetas, virtus vostra me hortantur, praeterea necessitudo, quae etiam timidos fortis facit. Nam multitudo hostium ne circumvenire queat, prohibent angustiae loci. Quod si virtuti vostrae fortuna inviderit, cavete inulti animam amittatis; neu capti potius 20 sicuti pecora trucidemini, quam virorum more pugnantes cruentam atque luctuosam victoriam hostibus relinquatis.”

59. Haec ubi dixit, paululum commoratus, signa canere jubet, atque instructos ordines in locum aequum deducit. Dein, remotis omnium equis, quo militibus 25 exaequato periculo animus amplior esset, ipse pedes exercitum pro loco atque copiis instruit. Nam, uti planities erat inter sinistros montis, et ab dextra rupe aspera, octo cohortis in fronte constituit, reliquarum signa in subsidio artius conlocat: ab eis centuriones 30 omnis lectos et evocatos, praeterea ex gregariis militibus optumum quemque armatum in primam aciem subducit. C. Manlium in dextra, Faesulanum quendam in sinistra parte curare jubet: ipse cum libertis et calonibus propter aquilam adsistit, quam bello Cim- 35 brico C. Marius in exercitu habuisse dicebatur.

At ex altera parte C. Antonius, pedibus aeger, quod proelio adesse nequibat, M. Petreio legato exercitum

permittit. Ille cohortis veteranas, quas tumulti causa conscripserat, in fronte, post eas ceterum exercitum in subsidiis locat; ipse equo circumiens, unumquemque nominans, appellat, hortatur, rogat, ut meminerint 5 se contra latrones inermis, pro patria, pro liberis, pro Homo militaris, quod aris atque focis suis certare. amplius annos triginta tribunus aut praefectus aut legatus aut praetor cum magna gloria in exercitu fuerat, plerosque ipsos factaque eorum fortia noverat : 10 ea commemorando, militum animos accendebat.

60. Sed ubi, omnibus rebus exploratis, Petreius tuba signum dat, cohortis paulatim incedere jubet, idem facit hostium exercitus. Postquam eo ventum est, unde [a] ferentariis proelium committi posset, maxumo 15 clamore [cum] infestis signis concurrunt: pila omittunt, gladiis res geritur. Veterani, pristinae virtutis memores, comminus acriter instare; illi haud timidi resistunt: maxuma vi certatur. Interea Catilina cum expeditis in prima acie vorsari, laborantibus succur20 rere, integros pro sauciis accersere, omnia providere, multum ipse pugnare, saepe hostem ferire; strenui militis et boni imperatoris officia simul exsequebatur. Petreius ubi videt Catilinam, contra ac ratus erat, magna vi tendere, cohortem praetoriam in medios 25 hostis inducit, eosque perturbatos atque alios alibi resistentis interficit; deinde utrimque ex lateribus ceteros adgreditur. Manlius et Faesulanus in primis pugnantes cadunt. Catilina, postquam fusas copias seque cum paucis relictum videt, memor generis atque 30 pristinae suae dignitatis, in confertis sumos hostis incurrit, ibique pugnans confoditur.

61. Sed confecto proelio, tum vero cerneres quanta audacia quantaque animi vis fuisset in exercitu Catilinae. Nam fere quem quisque vivos pugnando locum 35 ceperat, eum amissa anima corpore tegebat. Pauci

autem, quos medios cohors praetoria disjecerat, paulo

divorsius alis alibi stantes, sed omnes tamen advorsis volneribus conciderant. Catilina vero longe a suis inter hostium cadavera repertus est, paululum etiam spirans, ferociamque animi, quam habuerat vivos, in voltu retinens. Postremo ex omni copia neque in 5 proelio neque in fuga quisquam civis ingenuus captus est: ita cuncti suae hostiumque vitae juxta pepercerant.

Neque tamen exercitus populi Romani laetam aut incruentam victoriam adeptus erat: nam strenuissumus quisque aut occiderat in proelio, aut graviter volner- 10 atus discesserat. Multi autem, qui e castris visundi aut spoliandi gratia processerant, volventes hostilia cadavera, amicum alii, pars hospitem aut cognatum reperiebant; fuere item qui inimicos suos cognoscerent. Ita varie per omnem exercitum laetitia, maeror, luctus 15 atque gaudia agitabantur.

NOTES.

Argument.

CHAP. I. Body and Spirit: the worth of each. - 2. The foundation of government: what is a true life?-3. Sallust's motive in writing: the narrator no less than the actor of great deeds serves the state. - 5. The character of Catiline. -6-9. Regal and consular Rome: the early valor and simplicity: comparison of Rome and Athens. — -10-13. Growth of power and luxury: Sulla's influence: corruption of the times after him.-14-16. Catiline's profligacy and evil companions: his designs against the State.-17. His plans and associates (B.C. 64).— 18, 19. His earlier designs, and how prevented (B.C. 66). — -20. Address to his associates.—21, 22. His extravagant promises and oaths. 23. Curius and Fulvia: her indiscreet reports.-24. Catiline defeated at the polls: plans of armed insurrection. -25. Sempronia.-26. Catiline is baffled by Cicero: his second defeat.- 27, 28. His scheme of rousing Italy: Manlius at Fæsulæ. - 29-31. Action of the Senate the general alarm.—31, 32. Cicero's speech: scene in the Senate: Catiline quits Rome. 33. Manlius's letter and appeal.—34-36. Catiline appeals to Catulus: he joins Manlius.36-38. Condition of Rome: profligacy and ambition of the youth in the capital. - 39. Secret adherents of the plot. 40, 41. Umbrenus tampers with the Allobroges. -42, 43. Agitations in Italy: the conspirators Lentulus, etc. in Rome. 44, 45. The plot is betrayed through the Allobroges to Cicero: arrest at the Mulvian bridge.- 46, 47. The conspirators interrogated, and put under arrest. - 48, 49. Charges made against Crassus and Cæsar. — 50. The matter is laid before the Senate. -51. Speech of Cæsar, against a capital sentence. -52. Reply of Cato. 53, 54. These two men compared. 55. The conspirators are strangled in the Tullianum. — 56, 57. Military plans of Catiline. 58. His speech to his confederates. -59. Disposition of the troops. 60, 61. The battle force of the conspirators exterminated.

PAGE

1. omnis homines. . . decet, it is fitting for all men to strive, etc. (for the acc. form in īs, see §§ 51-55, 58; 84. b: a still earlier form is found in eis). In this sentence, the accusative omnis homines is the subject of niti (§ 240. ƒ), and the clause omnis . . niti is the subject of decet (§ 270. & a).

...

sese præstare, § 271. a: the subj. accus. is rarely expressed with this verb: it may be rendered as object, set themselves at the head.

ne

...

student, aim to, are bent upon. summa ope, with all effort.— . . transeant (§331.&e), not to spend their life in silence. silentio, § 248. Rem.―pecora, brutes, as devoid of reason: animal includes man (as implied in ceteris, above); belua is a monster, or the like.. - prona, grovelling, i. e. with faces towards the earth. -obœdientia, subservient, lit. hearkening (ob-audire), as to a despotic master. — finxit, has fashioned.