The Grammar of Science

Copertina anteriore
A. and C. Black, 1900 - 548 pagine

Dall'interno del libro

Sommario

The Second Claim of Science
25
The Third Claim of Science
29
Science and the Imagination
30
The Method of Science Illustrated
32
Science and the Esthetic Judgment
34
The Fourth Claim of Science Summary and Literature
36
CHAPTER II
39
SenseImpressions and Consciousness
42
The Brain as a Central Telephone Exchange
44
The Nature of Thought
46
OtherConsciousness as an Eject
48
Attitude of Science towards Ejects
51
The Scientific Validity of a Conception
53
The Scientific Validity of an Inference
55
The Limits to OtherConsciousness
57
The Canons of Legitimate Inference
59
SEC PAGE II The External Universe
60
Outside and Inside Myself
63
Sensations as the Ultimate Source of the Materials of Knowledge
66
Shadow and Reality
69
Individuality
71
The Futility of Thingsinthemselves
72
The Term Knowledge meaningless if applied to Unthinkable Things
74
Summary and Literature
75
CHAPTER III
77
Of the Word Law and its Meanings
79
Natural Law relative to Man
82
Man as the Maker of Natural Law
85
The Two Senses of the Words Natural Law
87
Confusion between the Two Senses of Natural Law
88
The Reason behind Nature
90
True Relation of Civil and Natural Law
93
Physical and Metaphysical Supersensuousness
95
Progress in the Formulating of Natural Law
96
The Universality of Scientific Law
100
The Mind as a SortingMachine
106
Science Natural Theology and Metaphysics
107
Conclusions
109
Summary and Literature
112
CHAPTER IV
113
Force as a Cause
116
Will as a Cause
118
Secondary Causes involve no Enforcement
120
Is Will a First Cause?
122
Will as a Secondary Cause
123
First Causes have no Existence for Science
127
Cause and Effect as the Routine of Experience
128
Width of the Term Cause
131
The Universe of SenseImpressions as a Universe of Motions
132
SEC PAGE 11 Necessity belongs to the World of Conceptions not to that of Perceptions
134
Routine in Perception is a necessary Condition of Knowledge
136
Probable and Provable
139
Probability as to Breaches in the Routine of Perceptions
142
The Bases of Laplaces Theory lie in an Experience of Ignorance
143
Nature of Laplaces Investigation
147
The Permanency of Routine for the Future
148
Summary and Literature
150
CHAPTER V
152
The Infinite Bigness of Space
157
PAGE
158
The Infinite Divisibility of Space
159
I
161
The Space of Memory and Thought
162
Conceptions and Perceptions
164
6
167
Conceptual Space Geometrical Boundaries
170
8
172
9
174
12
177
Conceptual Continuity Ether
178
On the General Nature of Scientific Conceptions
179
Time as a Mode of Perception
181
Conceptual Time and its Measurement
186
14
190
Summary and Literature
191
CHAPTER VI
193
Conceptual Analysis of a Case of Perceptual Motion PointMotion
195
Rigid Bodies as Geometrical Ideals
198
On Change of Aspect or Rotation
200
On Change of Form or Strain
202
Factors of Conceptual Motion
205
PointMotion Relative Character of Position and Motion
206
Position The Map of the Path
209
The TimeChart
212
Steepness and Slope
215
Speed as a Slope Velocity
217
SEC PAGE 12 The Velocity Diagram or Hodograph Acceleration
219
Acceleration as a Spurt and a Shunt
222
Curvature
224
The Relation between Curvature and Normal Acceleration
228
Fundamental Propositions in the Geometry of Motion
231
The Relativity of Motion Its Synthesis from Simple Components
233
Summary and Literature
237
Matter as nonMatter in Motion
259
The Ether as Perfect Fluid and Perfect Jelly
262
The VortexRing Atom and the EtherSquirt Atom
265
A Material Loophole into the Supersensuous
267
The Difficulties of a Perceptual Ether
270
Why do Bodies move?
272
Summary and Literature
276
CHAPTER VIII
278
The Limits to Mechanism
282
The First Law of Motion
284
The Second Law of Motion or the Principle of Inertia
286
The Third Law of Motion Mutual Acceleration is determined by Relative Position
290
Velocity as an Epitome of Past History Mechanism and Material ism Laplaces Ideal Goal
295
The Fourth Law of Motion
299
The Scientific Conception of Mass
302
The Fifth Law of Motion The Definition of Force
303
Equality of Masses tested by Weighing
306
How far does the Mechanism of the Fourth and Fifth Laws of Motion extend?
310
Density as the Basis of the Kinetic Scale
312
The Influence of Aspect on the Corpuscular Danc
316
SEC PAGE 14 The Hypothesis of Modified Action and the Synthesis of Motion
317
24
318
Criticism of the Newtonian Laws of Motion
321
Summary and Literature
326
CHAPTER IX
328
Mechanism and Life
331
Mechanism and Metaphysics in Theories of Heredity
334
The Definition of Living and Lifeless
338
Do the Laws of Motion apply to Life?
341
Life Defined by Secondary Characteristics
344
The Origin of Life
346
The Perpetuity of Life or Biogenesis
347
The Spontaneous Generation of Life or Abiogenesis
349
The Origin of Life in an ultrascientific Cause
352
On the Relation of the Conceptual Description to the Phenomenal World
354
25
355
Natural Selection in the Inorganic World
356
Natural Selection and the History of Man
358
Primitive History describable in terms of the Principles of Evolution
361
Morality and Natural Selection
363
Individualism Socialism and Humanism
366
Summary and Literature
370
CHAPTER X
372
32
373
Evolution
374
Bathmic Evolution
375
The Factors of Evolution
377
Types Individual and Racial
381
34
383
Continuous and Abnormal
384
37
388
Correlation
392
42
399
44
402
Selection Discovery of the Fittest
405
The Unsolved Problems
412
Summary and Literature
418
CHAPTER XI
421
SEC PAGE 2 Preferential Mating
425
Assortative Mating
429
Genetic Reproductive Selection
437
On the Reality of Genetic Selection
441
First Notions of Heredity
449
On the Quantitative Measurement of Heredity
454
On Prepotency and Telegony
459
On the Inheritance of Fertility Genetic Selection
462
On Biparental Inheritance
468
On the Law of Ancestral Heredity
475
On the Power of Selection to permanently modify Types by the Establishment of Breeds
481
On Exclusive Inheritance and the Law of Reversion
486
On the Inheritance of the Duration of Life Proportions of the Selective and NonSelective Deathrates
496
Concluding Remarks
500
Summary and Literature
502
CHAPTER XII
504
Bacons Intellectual Globe
506
Comtes Hierarchy
508
Spencers Classification
510
Precise and Synoptic Sciences
513
Abstract and Concrete Sciences Abstract Science
514
Concrete Science Inorganic Phenomena
519
Concrete Science Organic Phenomena
523
Applied Mathematics and BioPhysics as Cross Links
527
Conclusion
529
Summary and Literature
531
APPENDIX Note I On the Principle of Inertia and Absolute Rotation
533
On Newtons Third Law of Motion
536
On the Vitality of Seeds
537
A R Wallace on Matter
538
On the Sufficiency of Natural Selection to account for the History of Civilised Man
539
On the Reversibility of Natural Processes
540
INDEX
541
53
542
57
544

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