6. Ereptam; Participle. Esse is not to be supplied.

7. Et, si... servavit. This sentence is a fine specimen of a full Latin period, as is also the preceding. G. 573.Si...sunt...debebit. For the force of the Indicative, see G. 508. Cicero refers to the fact that the Romans were accustomed to celebrate with joy and festivity the anniversary of their escape from any great danger. See Horace, Odes, III., 8.

8. Illustres, bright, festive. — Quibus; Abl. of Time.

9. Salutis laetitia, the joy derived from preservation from danger, lit., the joy of preservation. — Nascendi incerta condicio, the condition (i. e., the condition in life, whether one of joy or of sorrow) to which we are born (lit., of being born) is uncertain.

10. Sine sensu, without consciousness, i. e., unconsciously.

11. Profecto; construe with debebit. Qui ... condidit; i. e., Romulus, who is reported to have founded Rome 753 B. C.

12. Ad deos...sustulimus. Romulus was deified as Quirinus, in whose honor the festival of the Quirinalia was annually celebrated on the seventeenth of February. --Benevolentia famaque, by our gratitude and by the glory which we ascribe to him; lit., by good-will and glory. 13. Debebit, will deserve.

15. Urbi; G. 386.- Delubris, shrines.

17. lidemque; G. 451, 3.- Rettudimus, we have thrust back, not have blunted.

19. Per me, through my agency. G. 415, I., 1, note 1.

20. Exponam. Supply ea.-Ut; construe with possitis.-Quanta; supply sint, how important they are.

22. Exspectatis, are waiting, i. e., are in anxious exspectation, waiting to be informed by the consul.

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1. Ut, ever since, lit., as, as soon as, i. e., as soon as he left, I began to 142 watch, etc.-Paucis ante diebus, a few days ago. G. 430, note 3. It was, in fact, already twenty-five days, but Cicero, to excuse his own tardiness, speaks of the period as short.

2. Quum reliquisset, when he left=having left or leaving, lit. when he had left. G. 521, II., 2.

II. Lentulus, one of the Conspirators, tampers with the
Allobroges. The latter are seized by the Agents of
Cicero.

6. Ejiciebam. Observe the force of the Imperfect.

7. Hujus verbi; i. e., of the word ejiciebam.— Illa; i. e., illa in vidia.

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8. Quod vivus exierit. This clause explains illa, since that (un popularity) arising from the fact that he went forth alive, etc. - Exierit; Subj. in an Indirect Clause. G. 529, II. Sed tum, but at that time, or more freely, at that time, I say. Sed here resumes the thought with which the chapter opens, tum, quum ex urbe, etc. In such cases it may be rendered, but, now, I say, etc. - Exterminari, to be driven into exile. Observe the etymology of the word.

10. Restitissent. Explain mood and tense. What mood and tense would be used in the Direct Discourse? G. 525, 2.

11. Atque ego ut vidi, and so when I saw; lit., and I, as I saw. Ego is the subject of consumpsi below. Atque, as a particle of transition, may often be rendered by but, now, and so.

13. Esse, remansisse. Observe the force of each tense. What is the real time here denoted by each? G. 537, note.- In eo, in this, i. e., in this erdeavor, explained by the clause ut quid agerent... viderem; G. 501, III.

15. Ut rem ita comprehenderem, that I might so grasp the subject, i. e., get so complete possession of all the facts in the case. This clause should not be treated as an appositive to eo, but as a clause expressing the purpose of sentirem ac viderem. -Auribus vestris minorem... mea, my words found too little credence in your ears, lit., to your ears. - Auribus; Dative of Indirect Object with faceret, which is in the Potential Subjunctive.

17. Ut provideretis; Subjunctive of Result.—Animis, with your minds; emphatic in contrast with oculis. See Syn. L. C. 35. Saluti; G. 385, 1.

19. Allobrogum. The Allobroges were a warlike people of Gaul, who had been conquered by the Romans more than half a century before. The deputation here spoken of came to Rome to present certain complaints against the provincial government. -Belli; Genitive depending upon causa. G. 544, 1. — Transalpini, Transalpine, i. e., in Transalpine Gaul, or in Gaul beyond the Alps.

20. Tumultus Gallici, a Gallic revolt or war. Tumultus, as distinguished from bellum, is applied especially to a commotion or war in Italy or in Cisalpine Gaul. Gallici, Gallic, as here distinguished from transalpini, means in Cisalpine Gaul.-P. Lentulo. Publius Cornelius Lentulus, a partisan of Catiline, was at this time praetor. He had been consul, but was subsequently expelled from the senate on account of his scandalous life. His election to the office of praetor restored him to the senate. Esse sollicitatos, had been tampered with, i. e., Lentulus, taking advantage of their dissatisfaction, had endeavored to interest them in the conspiracy.

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21. Eodemque itinere, and on the same journey. As their home- 142 ward route lay through Etruria, they could easily visit Catiline at the camp of Manlius.

22. Comitem, as a companion. This is a Predicate Accusative after adjunctum esse.

23. T. Volturcium. Titus Volturcius, of whom little is known, except that he was a native of Crotona, in Italy, and a partisan of Catiline. -Ad Catilinam; construe with litteras, a letter to Catiline.

24. Oblatam. Supply esse.

25. Ut, so that. - Quod erat . . . quodque, which was a very difficult matter, and one which.

28. L. Flaccum et C. Pomptinum. Lucius Flaccus and Gaius Pomptinus were praetors under Cicero. They had both seen service in previous wars. At the close of the practorship, Flaccus became governor of the province of Asia, and Pomptinus of Gallia Narbonensis. Praetores. The praetors, eight in number, were Roman magistrates, charged with the administration of justice. See note on circumstare... praetoris urbani, p. 128, line 15.

29. Fortissimos... rei publicae. Two most important qualifications in those to whom great public trusts are to be committed-courage and patriotism.-Rei publicae; G. 399, II.

30. Quid placeret; G. 529, I.

31. Qui sentirent; Relative clause denoting a reason, as they entertained all noble and excellent sentiments, etc. G. 517.

33. Quum advesperasceret; G. 300; 521, II., 2. — Pontem Mulvium. This was one of the bridges over the Tiber. It was on the road to Faesulae, and was three miles from the Roman Forum.

35. Interesset; G. 463, 3.

1. Praefectura Reatina, the prefecture of Reate, a Sabine town 143 of which Cicero was the patron. Originally the prefectures had neither laws nor magistrates of their own, but were governed by a Roman prefect. Subsequently some of these towns, among which was Reate, obtained from Rome the rights of citizenship.

2. Opera; G. 421, I.

3. Tertia fere vigilia exacta; i. e., about three o'clock in the morning. The Romans divided the night into four watches of three hours each.

4. Quum inciperent. Observe that this clause defines the time of the attack. For the difference between the Indicative and the Subjunctive in the Imperfect and Pluperfect tenses in Temporal Clauses, see G. 521, II.-Magno comitatu, with a large retinue. G. 419, 1, 1).

6. Res, the thing, i. e., the cause of the attack.

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III. The Letters and Documents obtained from Voltur cius and the Allobroges are brought to Cicero. Gabinius and others are arrested. The Senate is convened.

8. Interventu; Abl. of Cause. As the object of the attack had been obtained, there was no need of continuing the battle.

10. Integris signis, with unbroken seals; Abl. Absol. The waxen tablets on which letters were usually written, were tied together with a string, the knot of which was sealed. - Ipsi, the men themselves, in distinction from the letters.

13. Cimbrum Gabinium. One of the chief conspirators, called also Publius Gabinius (p. 146, line 13), and, by Sallust, Publius Gabinius Capito. He was of equestrian rank. — Nihildum suspicantem, as yet suspecting nothing.

14. L. Statilius, C. Cethegus. These were both leading conspirators. The former was of equestrian rank, the latter of senatorial.Lentulus. See note on P. Lentulo, p. 142, line 20.-Credo quod ... vigilarat. Observe the sarcasm and irony. Lentulus was notoriously dilatory and indolent.

17. Quum placeret, though it pleased, i. e., seemed best. - Viris; Indirect Object of placeret.

18. Frequentes, in great numbers.― Litteras aperiri; Subject of placeret.

19. Deferri; with litteras to be supplied; in the same construction as litteras aperiri. G. 417, 1; 535, I., 6.- Si esset inventum; Fut. Perf. in Direct Discourse. G. 525, 2.

21. Negavi..... ut non rem integram deferrem, I said that I would not so act as not to refer the whole subject. Negavi = dixi non. — Ut deferrem; G. 498, II.

22. Ad consilium publicum, to the public council, i. e., the

senate.

23. Si reperta essent; G. 510, note 1.- Quae erant delata; G. 524, 2, 2).

27. Admonitu; G. 416. —C. Sulpicium. Of Gaius Sulpicius we know only what Cicero here tells us.

28. Qui efferret, to bring, lit., who should bring; Subj. of Purpose. G. 497.- Aedibus; G. 132. — Si quid telorum esset, if there should be any weapons (lit., any thing of weapons) there, i. e., whatever weapons were there. G. 397, 3.

29. Ex quibus, from which, i. e., from the house of Cethegus.

IV. Testimony of Volturcius.

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31. Introduxi; i. e., into the senate, which was then assembled in 143 the Temple of Jupiter Stator. - Gallis = legatis Allobrogum. — Fidem e., I publicam dedi, I pledged to him the protection of the state; i. promised him pardon in case he would reveal whatever he knew of the plot.

33. Timore. See Syn. L. C. 305. -Quum vix se recreasset, when he had scarcely recovered. G. 521, II., 2.

35. Ut servorum... . uteretur, advising him to employ the assistance of slaves. This clause explains mandata et litteras, with which it is in apposition. In translating, supply the words advising him. G. 501, III.

36. Id... consilio, and that he should do this (i. e., approach the city) with this design. Id is the object of faceret, to be supplied.

1. Ut; construe with esset below. - Ex omnibus partibus, in all 144 parts, lit., from all parts; a common Latin idiom, using a, ab, e or ex, where we use at, in, on, on the side of, or some similar expression.

-

3. Ille, he, i. e., Catiline. Qui fugientes exciperet, to intercept

the fugitives.

4. His ducibus, i. e., those leaders mentioned directly below.

5. Jus jurandum, an oath. This was in writing, and was to be communicated to the Allobroges in ratification of the compact which the conspirators wished to make with them.

6. Data esse; G. 439, 3.

7. Ita, ut, that, lit., thus, viz., that.-L. Cassio. L. Cassius, an influential patrician and senator, was one of the most prominent of the conspirators.

9. Defuturas. Supply esse. The infinitive depends upon a verb of saying implied in esse praescriptum. G. 523, I., note.-Lentulum sibi confirmasse, that Lentulus had assured them.

10. Ex fatis Sibyllinis, from the Sibylline predictions. These predictions were not taken from the three famous Sibylline books said to have been purchased by King Tarquin, for those had been destroyed twenty years before, at the time of the burning of the capitol. Various other Sibylline books were, however, soon after collected from different portions of Italy and Greece. In one of these was found a prediction which was interpreted to mean that three members of the Cornelian gens should rule Rome. In the opinion of Lentulus, the three Cornelii were Publius Cornelius Cinna, notorious for his tyranny and cruelty, Lucius Cornelius Sulla, the famous dictator, and himself, Publius Cornclius Lentulus.