terat, milites ducti, cum caedendum esset saxum, arboribus circa inmanibus deiectis detruncatisque struem ingentem lignorum faciunt eamque, cum et vis venti apta faciendo igni coorta esset, succendunt ardentiaque saxa infuso aceto putrefaciunt. Ita torridam incendio rupem ferro pandunt molliuntque anfractibus modicis clivos, ut non iumenta solum sed elephanti etiam deduci possent. Quadriduum circa rupem consumptum iumentis prope fame absumptis; nuda enim fere cacumina sunt et, si quid est pabuli, obruunt nives. Inferiora valles apricosque quosdam colles habent rivosque prope silvas et iam humano cultu digniora loca. Ibi iumenta in pabulum missa, et quies muniendo fessis hominibus data. Triduo inde ad planum descensum iam et locis mollioribus et accolarum ingeniis.

Hoc maxime modo in Italiam perventum est, quinto mense a Carthagine Nova, ut quidam auctores sunt, quinto decimo die Alpibus superatis.

Liv. xxi. 32, 6-7; 35-38.

ALTINUM (ALTINO)

Aemula Baianis Altini litora villis

et Phaethontei conscia silva rogi,

quaeque Antenoreo Dryadum pulcherrima Fauno
nupsit ad Euganeos Sola puella lacus,

et tu Ledaeo felix Aquileia Timavo,
hic ubi septenas Cyllarus hausit aquas:

vos eritis nostrae requies portusque senectae,

si iuris fuerint otia nostra sui.

Mart. iv. 25.

At first a mere fishing village, at the beginning of the Republic Altinum became a municipality of importance. Situated on one of the main roads to the north, its growth as a military and commercial center was rapid (Tac. Hist. iii. 6; Columella vi. 24 et al.) Martial (xiv. 155) mentions its sheep and cattle with praise. The mildness of the climate made the place a health resort of importance. Destroyed by Attila in 452 A. D., its inhabitants fled to the neighboring islands, thus laying the foundations of the future Venice. (See Aquileia.)

1 For the story of Phaethon, see Padus.

2 A nymph of this region.

3 Antenor, the mythical founder of Patavium.

A lake among the Euganean Hills in this region.

5 The capital of Venetia. (See Aquileia.)

6 Castor and Pollux are said to have visited the Timavus, a stream near Aquileia, dur

ing the Argonautic expedition.

7 The horse of Castor.

possible to effect a passage; and as it was necessary to break the mass, they felled and lopped a number of huge trees which stood near, which they raised into a vast pile, and as soon as a smart wind arose to forward the kindling of it, set it on fire; and then, when the stone was violently heated, made it crumble to pieces by pouring on vinegar. When the rock was thus disjointed by the power of heat, they opened a way through it with iron instruments, and inclined the descents with it in such a manner, that not only the beasts of burden, but even the elephants could be brought down. Four days were spent about this rock, during which the cattle were nearly destroyed with hunger; for the summits are for the most part bare, and whatever little pasture there might have been was covered with snow. In the lower parts are valleys and some hills, which, enjoying the benefit of the sun, with rivulets at the side of the woods, are better suited to become the residence of human beings. There the horses were sent out to pasture, and the men, fatigued with the labor of the road, allowed to rest for three days. They then descended into the plains, where the climate, like the character of the inhabitants, was of a milder cast.

In this manner, as nearly as can be ascertained, they accomplished their passage into Italy, in the fifth month, according to some authors, after leaving New Carthage, having spent fifteen days in crossing the Alps.

GEORGE BAKER

A Roman Poet Eulogizes His Favorite Resort Altinum's shores that vie with Baiae's villas, and the wood that saw the pyre of Phaëthon1 and the maid Sola,2 fairest of Dryads, who wed with Paduan Faunus3 by the Euganean meres, and thou, Aquileia, blest with Timavus" honoured by Leda's sons, where Cyllarus' quaffed its sevenfold waters ye shall be the refuge and harbor of my old age, if I be free to choose the place of my repose. WALTER C. A. KER

ANTIUM (Anzio)

Latin in origin, the city passed to the Volscians about 500 B. C. and became their chief city (Liv. vi. 9, 1-2). Dionysius, also, speaks of it as "a most splendid Volscian city." It was the northern bulwark and almost a rival of Rome at one time. Its history is marked by frequent wars with Rome (Liv. ii. 33; viii. 13 et al.). During one of these, the Romans captured six battleships and adorned their speakers' platform at Rome with the bronze beaks. From this incident came the name "rostra" which was thereafter applied to this structure (Liv. viii. 14). During the last years of the Republic and in the earlier period of the Empire, the place became a favorite resort for wealthy Romans. Cicero loved it, as the passages below testify, and wrote many of his letters from this place. Augustus stayed here for weeks at a time, as did Caligula. In fact, the latter found the region so attractive that he even thought of transferring the government from Rome to this place (Suet. Calig. 8). Nero was fond of the town and adorned it with a fine port (Suet. Nero 9).

Nihil quietius, nihil alsius, nihil amoenius. Ein μoi OûTOS piλos oikos. Postea vero quam Tyrannio mihi libros disposuit, mens addita videtur meis aedibus.

Cic. ad Att. iv. 8, 1-2.

Quod tibi superioribus litteris promiseram, fore ut opus exstaret huius peregrinationis, nihil iam magno opere confirmo; sic enim sum complexus otium, ut ab eo divelli non queam. Itaque aut libris me delecto, quorum habeo

A tutor to Cicero's son.

A Scholar Delights in His Books

Nothing can be quieter, cooler, or prettier; "be this mine own dear home." Moreover, since Tyrannio1 has arranged my books for me, my house seems to have had a soul added to it.

E. S. SHUCKBURGH

Cicero Delights in His Lazy Life at Antium

I am not so certain about fulfilling the promises I made in former letters to produce some work in this tour: for I have fallen so in love with idleness, that I can't tear myself from it. So I either enjoy myself with my books, of

Nam ad
A

Antii festivam copiam, aut fluctus numero. lacertas captandas tempestates non sunt idoneae. scribendo prorsus abhorret animus.

Quin etiam dubitem, an hic Antii considam, et hoc tempus omne consumam; ubi quidem ego mallem duumvirum, quam Romae me fuisse. Tu vero sapientior Buthroti domum parasti. Sed, mihi crede, proxima est illi municipio haec Antiatium civitas. Esse locum tam prope Romam, ubi multi sint, qui Vatinium numquam viderint? ubi nemo sit praeter me, qui quemquam ex viginti viris vivum et salvum velit? ubi me interpellet nemo, diligant omnes? Hic, hic nimirum πολιτευτέον. Nam istic non solum non licet, sed etiam taedet.

Cic. ad Att. ii. 6, 1-2.

Kal. Mai. de Formiano proficiscemur, ut Antii simus a. d. v. Non Mai.; ludi enim Antii futuri sunt a iv. ad prid. Non. Mai. Eos Tullia spectare vult.

Cic. ad Att. ii. 8, 2:

Spissi litoris Antium.

Ov. Met. xv. 718.

Εξῆς δ ̓ ἐστὶν "Αντιον, ἀλίμενος καὶ αὐτὴ πόλις· ἵδρυται δ ̓ ἐπὶ πέτραις, διέχει δὲ τῶν Ὠστίων περὶ διακοσίους ἑξήκοντα σταδίους. νυνὶ μὲν οὖν ἀνεῖται τοῖς ἡγεμόσιν εἰς σχολὴν καὶ ἄνεσιν τῶν πολιτικῶν, ὅτε λάβοιεν καιρόν, καὶ διὰ τοῦτο κατ ῳκοδόμηνται πολυτελεῖς οἰκήσεις ἐν τῇ πόλει συχναὶ πρὸς τὰς τοιαύτας ἐπιδημίας. καὶ πρότερον δὲ ναῦς ἐκέκτηντο καὶ ἐκοινώνουν τῶν λῃστηρίων τοῖς Τυρρηνοῖς, καίπερ ἤδη Ῥωμαίοις ὑπακούοντες.

A city in Epirus on the western coast of Greece. • A tribune for this year.

4 Cicero's daughter Tullia of whom he was very fond.

Strab. v. 3, 5.