ULUBRAE (near Cisterna), an insignificant town, of interest only because of Horace's allusion to it in the following lines:

"Caelum, non animum mutant, qui trans mare currunt.

strenua nos exercet inertia: navibus atque

quadrigis petimus bene vivere. quod petis, hic est,
est Ulubris, animus si te non deficit aequus."
Ep. i. 11, 27-30.

VADIMONIS LACUS (Lago di Bassano), a lake which is important histori-
cally because a decisive defeat of the Etruscans at the hands of the
Romans in 309 B. C. took place on its banks. Pliny describes the
lake on the occasion of a visit which he made to the neighborhood for
the purpose of looking after a family estate (Ep. viii. 20).
VELIA (Castellamare della Brusca), a town of Greek origin, the birth-
place, according to one account, of the famous Eleatic philosophers,
Parmenides and Zeno. Cicero often visited it and speaks of it with
affection as the home of his friend Trebatius (ad Fam. vii. 20). It
was in the harbor there that he saw one of the ships of Verres, loaded
with plunder which this corrupt governor had stolen from the Sicilians.
The climate was attractive and several well-known Romans were

accustomed to frequent it for purposes of rest. Aemilius Paulus, for example, once retired to this spot while recovering from a long and dangerous illness (Plut. Aemil. Paul. xxxix.).

VELITRAE (Vellétri), the home of the distinguished Octavian family (Suet. Aug. 1; 6).

VENAFRUM (Venafro), famous for its oil to which Horace thus alludes: "His mixtum ius est: oleo quod prima Venafri pressit cella." (Sat. ii. 8, 45-46).

See, too, "Viridi Venafro" (C. ii. 6, 15-16). VOLATERRAE (Volterra), an ancient and exceedingly powerful Etruscan city whose lofty situation made it an impregnable stronghold. Because of its remoteness from Rome, it is not often mentioned in early times even though it must have played a prominent part in Etruscan affairs. We hear of it in connection with the struggle between Marius and Sulla as an adherent of the former. Strabo says that it made so able a resistance to the forces of Sulla that a two-year siege was necessary in order to capture it. Rutilius describes the place (de Red. Suo i. 453 f.) and Strabo writes as follows concerning it: "The territory belonging to Volaterrae is washed by the sea. The town is situated

in a deep valley. There is a very high hill, precipitous on all sides, with a lofty summit upon which the citadel is situated. The ascent, fifteen stadia, is steep and difficult" (v. 2, 6).

CLASSICAL AUTHORS QUOTED

APPIAN-Died about 100 A. D.

ATHENAEUS-Third century A. D.

AUGUSTINE (Saint)-354-430 A. D.

AUSONIUS, DECIMUS MAGNUS-Born about 310 A. D.

CAESAR, GAIUS JULIUS-100-44 B. C.

CAPITOLINUS, JULIUS-Third and fourth centuries A. D.

CARUS, T. LUCRETIUS-98-55 B. C.

CASSIODORUS, MAGNUS AURELIUS-Fifth and sixth centuries A. D.
CASSIUS, DIO COCCEIANUS-Born 155 A. D.

CATULLUS, GAIUS VALERIUS-87-54? B. C.

CICERO, MARCUS TULLIUS-106-43 B. C.

CLAUDIANUS, CLAUDIUS-Fourth and fifth centuries A. D.

CLAUDIANUS, CLAUDIUS-Fourth century A. D. 17. JA

COLUMELLA, L. JUNIUS MODERATUS-First century A. D. (Time of Nero.)

CRISPUS, GAIUS SALLUSTIUS-86-34 B. C.

DIONYSIUS OF HALICARNASSUS-Died 7 B. C.

EUSEBIUS, PAMPHILI-Died about 337 A. D.

FELIX, MINUCIUS-Second or third centuries A. D.

FESTUS, SEX. POMPEIUS-Second century A. D.

FLACCUS, AULUS PERSIUS-34–62 A. D.

FLACCUS, Q. HORATIUS-65-8 B. C.

FLORUS, LUCIUS OR (JULIUS) ANNAEUS-First and second centuries A. D. FRONTINUS, SEXTUS JULIUS-40 A. D.-end of century.

FRONTO, M. CORNELIUS-90-168 A. D.

GELLIUS, AULUS-125?-175 A. D.

HOMER-Date uncertain; probably in the ninth or tenth century B. C. HORACE See FLACCUS

ITALICUS, TIB. CATIUS SILIUS-25?-101 A. D.

JORDANES-Sixth century A. D.

JUVENALIS, D. JUNIUS—Date uncertain; perhaps 46–130 A. D.

LIVIUS, TITUS-59? B. C.-17 A. D.

LUCANUS, M. ANNAEUS-39-65 A. D.

LUCILIUS, GAIUS-Second century B. C.

LUCRETIUS-See CARUS

MARCELLINUS, AMMIANUS-Born about 325 A. D.

MARO, P. VIRGILIUS-70-19 B. C.

MARTIALIS, M. VALERIUS-40-104 A. D.

MAXIMUS, VALERIUS-First century A. D. (Time of Tiberius.)
MELA, POMPONIUS-First century A. D. (Time of Nero.)

NAMATIANUS, RUTILIUS-Fourth and fifth centuries A. D.
NASO, P. OVIDIUS-43 B. C.-17 A. D.

NEPOS, CORNELIUS-99-24 B. C.

OVID SEE NASO

PATERCULUS, VELLEIUS-18 B. C.-31 A. D.

PERSIUS-See Flaccus

PETRONIUS-Died in 66 A. D.

PLAUTUS, T. MACCIUS-about 254-184 B. C.

PLINY-See SECUNDUS

PLUTARCH-46-120 A. D.

POLYBIUS-204-122 B. C.
PROCOPIUS-Sixth century A. D.
PROPERTIUS, SEX.-48?-15 B. C.
RUTILIUS-See NAMATIANUS

SALLUST-See CRISPUS

SECUNDUS, GAIUS PLINIUS (major)—23–79 A. D.
SECUNDUS, GAIUS PLINIUS (minor)—62–113 A. D.
SENECA, L. ANNAEUS (minor)-4 B. C.-65 A. D.
SILIUS-See ITALICUS

SPARTIANUS, AELIUS-Third and fourth centuries A. D.
STATIUS, P. PAPINIUS-Last half of first century A. D.
STRABO-64? B. C.-19? A. D.

SUE ON US-See TRANQUILLUS
TACITUS, CORNELIUS-54-118? A. D.
THEMISTIUS-Fourth century A. D.
TIBULLUS, ALBIUS-Died 19 B. C.

TRANQUILLUS, GAIUSS UETONIUS— -75?-160 A. D.
VALERIUS-See MAXIMUS

VARRO, M. TERENTIUS-116-28 B. C.

VICTOR, AURELIUS-Fourth and fifth centuries A. D. VIRGIL-See MARO

F. flumen (river); I.=insula (island); L.=lacus (lake); M.=mons (mountain);
Pr.=promunturium (promontory); R.=river.

A=Italy; B=Latium; C=Campania; D = Rome; E = Imperial Fora; F = Forum
of the Empire.

Caecubus Ager, 513, 178, B.
Caere, 103-107, A.
Caieta, 107-113, 171, A.
Calabria, 514, 437, 505, A.
Cales, 514, C.
Calvi, 514, C.

Campania, 122-133, 9,
258, 261, 281, 491, C.
Ariminum, 56-57, 278, 414, Cannae, 114-117, 131,
482, A.

Imola, 515, A.

85, Ischia I., see Aenaria.
A, Isola Farnese, see Veii.
Italia, 6-11, A.

L

Nemorensis L., 228-229, B
Nemus Dianae, 228-229, 54
B.

Nera R., see Nar.

Nocera, 261, C.

Nola, 230-233, 135, 261, A. C.
Nomentum, 234-237, 293, A.
Norba, 517, B.

Lacinium Pr., 516, 41, 157, Norcia, 517, A.

430, A.

Norma, 517, B.

Nuceria, 261, C.

Numicius F., 517, B.

Lanuvio, 516, 512, B.
Lanuvium, 516, 512, B.
Larius L., 181-187, 7, A.
Latium, 516, 127, 395, A, B.
Laurentum, 187-195, 109,
181, 195, 443, B.
Lavinium, 516, 15, A, B.
Licenza R., 503, B.
Liri R., see Liris.

Liris F., 516, 58, 63, 171, A.
Liternum, 194–195, B.

Falernus Ager, 515, 19, 403, Luca, 516, A.

Faventia, 515, A.

Fibreno R., see Fibrenus.
Fibrenus F., 58, 59, 63, A.
Fidenae, 166-169, 17, 237,
363, 470, B.
Firenze, 515, Ą.
Florence, see Firenze...

Florentia, 515, A.

Fondi, 178-179, B..

Formia, see Formiae..

Formiae, 169-173, 110, 178, A.
Foro Appio, 173-175, B.
Forum Appi, 173-175, B..
Forum Cornelii, 515, A.
Fossa della Bettina, see Allia

F.

Lucania, 516, 437, A.
Lucca, 516, A.

Lucera, see Luceria.
Luceria, 517, 139, A.
Lucretilis M., 507, B.
Lucrine Lake, see Lucrinus L.
Lucrino, Lago, see Lucrinus L.
Lucrinus L., 196-199, 7, 87,

93, 147, 171, 191, 235, B.
Luna, 199-203, 371, A.
Luni, see Luna.

155, Pesaro, 518, A.

Massico, Monte, see Massicus.
Massicus M. 517, 7, C.
Mediolanum, 208-211, 181, A.
Mefita, 512, A.

Mentana, see Nomentum.
Metauro R., 517, A.
Metaurus F., 517, A.
Milan, see Mediolanum.

Gabii, 179-181, 85, 167, 237, Milano, see Mediolanum.

Pesto, 244-245, A.
Petelia, 517, A:
Piacenzi, 518, A.-
Pisa, 255-257, A:
Pisaurum, 518, A.
Pistoia, see Pistoria.
Pistoria, 258-259, A.
Placentia, 518, A:
Po River, see Padus.
Polenzo, 518, A.
Policoro, 516, A.
Pollentia, 518, A.

Pompeii, 258-261, 277, A. C.
Pomptinae Paludes, 262–263,
81, 293, 299, B.
Pomptine Marshes, see Pomp-
tinae Paludes.
Populonia, 263-265, A.-
Porto, 238, C..

Portus Augusti et Traiani,
238, C.

Pozzuoli, see Puteoli.

Praeneste, 266-273, 67, 171,
365, A, B.

Pratica, 516, A, B.
Prima Porta, 480.
Prochyta I., 295, C.
Procida I., 295, C.

Puteoli, 273-279, 197, 219,
223, A, C.