biles atque ignobiles, vulgus fuimus, fine gratia, fine auctoritate, his obuoxii, quibus, fi refpublica valeret, formidini effemus. Itaque omnis gratia, potentia, honos, divitiæ apud illos funt, aut ubi illi volunt: repulfas nobis reliquere, pericula, judicia, egeftatem. Quæ quouique tandem patiemini,fortiffumi viri? Nonne emori per virtutem præftat,quàm vitam miferam atque inhoneftam, ubi alienæ fuperbiæ ludibrio fueris, per dedecus amittere? Verum enim vero prô deûm atque hominum fidem! vi&toria nobis in manu., viget ætas, animus valet: contrà illis, annis atque divitiis, omnia confenuerunt. tantummodo incepto opus eft cetera res expediet. Etenim quis mortalium, cui virile ingenium, tolerare poteft, illis divitias fuperare,quas profundant in exftruendo mari et montibus coæquandis; nobis rem familiarem etiam ad neceffaria deeffe illos binas, aut ampliùs, domos continuare; nobis larem familiarem nufquam ullum effe? Cùm tabulas, figna, toreumata emunt; nova diruunt, alia ædificant; 2. Domos continuare] eft domos donubus adftruere, to add house to

and commoners, have been treated as mob, without intereft, without authority, in a flavish fubjection to those, to whom, if the adminiftration were in its proper ftate, we should be a terror. Wherefore all intereft, power, honour, riches, are with them, or where they pleafe: to us they have left repulfes, dangers, impeachments, and pover ty. Which indignities how long, pray, will you, the bravest of men, tamely fuffer? Is it not better to die by bravery, than by difgrace to lofe a miferable and inglorious life, after you bave been the sport of other mens infolence? But furely, by the faith of gods and men! we have the victory in our hands. our age is fresh, our minds are vigorous: the other hand, all things are decayed to them, by reafon of their years and riches. there is need only of a beginning & the undertaking, once fet on foot, will itself execute all the rest. For what mortal, that has the pirit of a man, can endure, that they should have an excess of wealth, to fquander away in building up the fea, and in leveiling mountains; and that a private estate is wanting to us even for neceffaries? that they should erect lodgings in pairs or more; that we should have a private house of our own no where? though they purchase

boufe.

:

poftremo

poftremò omnibus modis pecuniam trahunt,vexant; fine workmanship; pull down

pictures, ftatues, and veffels of

tamen fummâ lubidine divitias vincere nequeunt. At nobis domi inopia, forìs æs alienum : mala res, fpes multò afperior. denique, quid reliqui habemus, præter miferam animam? Quin igitur expergifcimini? En illa, illa, quam fæpe optâftis, libertas, præterea divitiæ, decus, gloria in oculis fita funt! Fortuna omnia vi&toribus præmia pofuit. Res, tempus, pericula, egeftas, belli fpolia magnifica, magis quàm oratio, hortentur. Vel imperatore, vél milite me utimini. neque animus, neque corpus à vobis aberit. Hæc ipfa, ut fpero, vobifcum Conful agam: nifi fortè animus fallit, et vos fervire, quàm imperare, parati eftis."

new fabrics, build others; filnally by all methods wafte, and confume their money; yet with the highest extravagance they are not able to get the better of their wealth. But we have poverty at home, debts abroad: our condition bad, our expecta tions much more defperate. to conclude, what have we left, except a wretched life? Why then don't you roufe? Lo that liberty, that glorious liberty, which you have often wished for, moreover riches, honour, glory, are placed full in your view! Fortune hath propofed all rewards to the conquerors. May: the cafe, the opportunity, dangers, want, and the noble spoils of war excite you more than my Speech. Uje me either as your leader, or fellow-foldier. nei ther heart nor hand shall be wanting to you. I in quality of Conful fhall execute these things

with you, as I hope : unless perhaps my mind deceives me, and you be difpofed rather to ferve, than command.” XXI. Poftquam accepere ea homines, quibus mala abunde omnia erant, fed neque res, neque fpes bona ulla, tamen etfi illis quieta movere, magna merces videbatur; tamen poftula

XXI. After the men heard thefe things, who had all cala. mities in abundance, but neither fortunes, nor any good expecta tion, though to disturb the pu blic tranquillity, appeared to them a mighty gratification; yets

3. Pecuniam trahunt, vexant] A moribus belli tracta tranflatio, quam eleganter cxfequitur, ubi mox etiam vincere adjicit. Erit igiturs pecuniam trahere idem, quod modis indignis diftrahere; et vexare idem quod fuprà, cap. xiv. lacerare, ita ut fummam libidinen. et profundendi arbitrium defignet. Idem genus elegantia eft, quando Seneca, agitare pecuniam, Statius, firangulare opes, Martialis flagellare dixit.

re

re plerique,uti proponeret, quæ conditio belli foret: quæ præmia armis peterent: quid ubique opis aut fpei haberent. Tum Catilina polliceri tabulas novas, profcriptionem locu. pletium, magiftratus, facerdotia, rapinas, alia omnia, quæ bellum atque lubido victorum fert. Præterea effe in Hifpania citeriore Pifonem, in Mauretania cum exercity P. Sittium Nucerinum, confilii fui participes: petere confulatum C. Antonium, quem fibi collegam fore fperaret, hominem et familiarem, et omnibus neceffitudinibus circumventum: eò Confulem initium agendi facturum. Ad hoc maledictis increpat omnis bonos fuorum unumquemque nominans laudare; admonebat alium egeftatis, alium cupiditatis fuæ, complures periculi aùt ignominiæ, multos vi&toriæ Sullane, quibus ea

most of them defired, that he would declare, what were to be the terms of war: what rewards they might propofe by their arms: what help or hope they· · might reckon upon, and where. Upon that Catiline promifed re miffion of debts, a profcription of the rich, posts in the magifiracy, places in the priesthood, plunder, and all other advantages which war and the uncontrouled pleasure of conquerors com-. prehend. Moreover that there was Pifo in hither Spain, P. Sittius Nucerinus in Maureta nia with an army, both privy to his defign: that C. Antonius ftood candidate for the confulate, who he hoped would be collegue to himself, a man both his inti mate friend, and embarrassed with all manner of difficulties: that therefore he, when chosen Conful, would begin the execution of his defign. Moreover he inveighs against every man of integrity with virulent language: and naming each of his own party, he commended them; put one in mind of poverty, ano

XXI. 1. Quid ubique] Salluft not only here, but in feveral other places, puts ubiqué for et ubi. Gap. xxvii. Quem ubique opportunum credebat, i. c. quem et ubi illum opportunum credebat. Jug. cap. lii. Neque remittit, quid ubique hoftis ageret, explorare, i, e. quid, et ubi ageret.

2. Tabulas novas] Intellige tabulas debiti et crediti, quæ nove dicuntur, quando debitoribus as alienum remittitur.

3. Profcriptionem] Profcription, first practifed by Sulla, was a posting up perfons names in public places, with a promife of a certain reward to any who should murder them. And the eftates and goods of the perfons thus profcribed were confifcated and feized.

4. Nucerinum] His father was born in the town of Nuceria in Italy, and hence the fon got this firname.

• prædæ

prædæ fuerat. Poftquam omnium animos alacris videt; cohortatus, ut petitionem fuam curæ haberent, conventum dimifit. advifing them to take care difmiffed the meeting.

ther of his covetousness, feveral of danger or fhame, and many of the victory of Sulla, who had got booty by it. After he perceives all their fspirits elevated; of his fuit for the confulate, be

XXII. Fuere eâ tempeXXII. There were at that ftate, qui dicerent, Catili- time, who faid, that Catiline, nam, oratione habitâ, cùm after making his speech, when ad jusjurandum popularis be obliged the accomplices of his fceleris fui adigeret, hu- wicked enterprife to take an mani corporis fanguinem, oath, handed about in bowls the vino permixtum, in pateris blood of a human body, mingled circumtuliffe; indè, cùm with wine; and then, when poft exfecrationem omnes after the oath all had tafted of deguftaviffent, ficuti in fo- it, as was wont to done in 'lemnibus facris fieri con- folemn facrifices, opened up his fuevit, aperuiffe confilium defign, and they gave out, that fuum, atque eò, dictitare, he did it for this end, that they feciffe, quò inter fe fidi might be the more trufty to one magis forent, alius alii another, each of them being pritanti facinoris confcii. vy to one another of fo foul a Nonnulli ficta hæc, multa fact. Some thought this, and præterea exiftumabant ab many things befides, were iniis, qui Ciceronis invidiam, vented by thofe, who imagined quæ poftea orta eft, leniri the odium against Cicero, which credebant atrocitate fcele- afterward broke out, to be alris eorum, qui pœnas de- layed by the heinoufness of the derant. Nobis ea res pro villany of those, who had fufmagnitudine parùm com- fered punishmen As to this perta eft. affair I have not found fufficient. evidence, confidering the extraordinary nature of it.

XXII. 1. Vino permixtum] The ancients called this kind of potionaffiratum.

2. Poft exfecrationen] Exfecratio was the pronouncing of a folemn oath, wherein they bound themselves, under heavy imprecations and curfes, to fecrecy and mutual fidelity. Liv. X. cap. xxxviii. Jurare cogebatur diro quodam carmine in exfecrationem capitis familiæque et Airpis compofito, nifi iffet in prælium, quo imperatores duxiffent; et fi ipfe ex acie fugiffet, aut fiquem fugientem vidiffet, non extemplo occidiffet. Juft. II. cap. iv. Graviffimd fe exfecratione obftrinxerunt, now prus, quam Meenam expugnassent, reverfuros.

3. Ciceronis invidiam] See cap. 1v. note 3.

XXIII. Sed

XXIII. Sed in ea conventione fuit Q. Curius, natus haud obfcuro loco, flagitiis atque facinoribus co-opertus; quem Cenfores fenatu probri gratiâ amoverant. Huic homini non minor vanitas, quàm audacia; neque reticere, quæ audierat, neque fuamet ipfe fcelera occultare. prorfus neque dicere, ne

XXIII. Now in this meeting was 2. Curius, defcended of no mean family, but immersed in debauchery and villany; whom the Cenfors had expelled the fe nate,on account of his fcandalous behaviour. In this man there was no lefs vanity, than impudence; he could neither keep fe cret what he heard, nor conceal his own crimes. nor did he at all regard, what he either faid

XXIII. 1. Flagitiis atque facinoribus] Quod agit indomita cupiditas, ad corrumpendum animum et corpus fuum, fugitium vocatur: quod autem agit, ut alteri noceat, facinus dicitur. Auguftin. de doctrin. Chrift. cap. x.

2. Cenfores] These were persons of the highest dignity in the state; their flation was reckoned more honourable than even that of the Confals themselves. Every fifth year they made a furvey of the people, took an account of the estates and goods of every perfon, their name, their wife's name, the names, number, and age of their children, the number of their flaves; and this was called cenfum agere or cenfum habere. The other part of their office was the cenfure of manners. They had power to punish an immorality in any person, of what rank foever. The word notare, not punire, was used to denote the exercise of their discipline; and the punishment or cenfure was called ignominia, not pena. A Senator they could degrade, and expel the house, which was done by ftriking his name out of the rolls. The equites they punished by taking away the horse allowed them at the public charge. The comnons they might either remove from a higher tribe to a less honourable, or quite difable them to give their votes in the ademblies, by erafing their name out of the album, i. e. the register or roll belonging to their century. Thefe feveral ways of punihing were shortly expreffed in Latin thus, Senatu ejicere, equum adimere, ti ibu movere, in Caritum tabulas referre. The Cerites were the people of Gere, a town in Etryria, who, for their good fervices to the Romans in the Gallic war, were honoured with the freedom of the city, but without the right of vo ting at the elections. And when any citizen was deprived of his right of voting by the Cenfors, his name, as it was Bruck out of the rolls of his own century, fo it was entered in the tabule or regifter of the Cerites. Hence too the proverb, Cerite cerá digni, Hor. I. epift. vi. ver. 62. of those that deserve to be censured and lose their privilege.

The Cenfors, after the quinquennial furvey, made an expiatury facrifice in a very folemn manner, in the name of all the people. It confifted of a low, a fheep, and a bull, whence it got the name of Juovetaurilia. This ceremony they called lurum condere, and hence inftrum came to fignify the space of five years.

que