A Glossary of Genetics and Cytogenetics, Classical and Molecular

activity alleles amino acid anaphase bacterial bivalents centromere characters chiasma chiasmata chromatids chromo chromosomal structural changes chromosome mutation chromosome number chromosome pairing chromosome segments chromosome sets cistron codon coiling complex contain controlled crossing-over cytoplasm Darlington differentiation diploid effect egg cell embryo environmental enzyme eukaryotes factors female fertilization formation frequency function fusion gametes gene mutation genetic information genetic material genetic recombination genetic transcription genetic translation genome genotype give rise haploid heterozygotes heterozygous homologous chromosomes hybrid individuals induced interaction interphase lethal loci locus male markers mating meiosis meiotic division membrane messenger RNA metaphase mitosis mitotic molecules mutation normal nuclear nucleotide nucleus occur operon organisms parental particles particular phage phenotypic plants plastids poles polyploid population produced prophase protein region replication repressor reproduction result ribosomes segregation selection sequence sexual somatic species spindle strand subunits synthesis tion tissue transfer RNA translocation tRNA viruses wild-type X-chromosome zygote