War. No longer Earl of March, but Duke of York: I come to pierce it, or to give thee mine. 195 200 Edw. Then strike up, drums! God and Saint George for us! Enter a Messenger. War. How now! what news? Mess. The Duke of Norfolk sends you word by me, The Queen is coming with a puissant host; the fault casts not 205 201-204. 192-200. No longer . . . throne; For . . . throws not .. renown, But.. task] 160-168. No longer . . . king: And. the offence renowne, But forward to effect these resolutions Q. Then. for us] omitted Q. 205-209. Enter counsel. War. Why Mes. The... puissant power councell. War. Why Mess. The 193, 196. throne . . . throws] Capell reads "king casts" here from Q. 196. throws not up his cap for joy] From Grafton's Continuation of Hardyng, 512 (1543): "One Nashfeelde, and other belongyng to the protectoure, with some prentices and laddes . began... to crye Kyng Richarde, Kyng Rychard,' and there threwe up their cappes in token of ioye." is 199. Stay we] See Introduction to Part I. on this form; and note at "Embrace we "in that play, II. i. 13. "Stay we no longer prating here' a line in Peele's Jack Straw (Hazlitt's Dodsley, v. 383). The following line in Q contains "resolutions." Shakespeare never uses this plural. It is noticeable how scene-endings often fail in these plays, or have a different ring. Signs of Peele appear here. 200. about our task] I have no good parallel in Shakespeare for this expression, without a verb, and with an obIject after the almost verbal "about." "Set" or "go" is omitted. "Ile about War. How . news? warriors, let's away] 169-172. ... it straight occurs in Soliman and 66 pierce it] See 201. as hard as steel] Compare Peele's Old Wives Tale (453, a): Dig, brother dig, for she is hard as steel." And in Marlowe's Tamburlaine, Part II. 1. iii. (46, b): "As black as jet and hard as iron or steel." 202. flinty] See above, I. iv. 142. Used earlier in Latimer, New Eng. Dict., and for the word see Part I. II. i. 27. Often in Shakespeare both literally and as a metaphor. 204. God and Saint George] See 1 Henry VI. iv. ii. 55; and below in this play, Iv. ii. 29. So Hall (p. 250 rept.): "in the name of God and Saint George. I will fight..." And craves your company for speedy counsel. War. Why then it sorts; brave warriors, let's away. SCENE II.-Before York. away [Exeunt. Flourish. Enter King HENRY, Queen MARGARET, the PRINCE OF WALES, CLIFFORD, and NORTHUMBERLAND, with drum and trumpets. Q. Mar. Welcome, my lord, to this brave town of York. That sought to be encompass'd with your crown: K. Hen. Ay, as the rocks cheer them that fear their wreck: 5 Withhold revenge, dear God! 'tis not my fault, Clif. My gracious liege, this too much lenity Enter. .] Enter the King, the Queene, Clifford, Northum. . . . and Yong Prince, with Drumm and Trumpettes F 1; Enter the King and Queene, Prince Edward, and the Northerne Earles, with drum and Souldiers Q. ... ... I-4. Welcome . arch-enemy encompass'd. cheer your heart, my lord?] 1-4. Welcome. ambitious enemie impaled • please your eie my lord? Q. 5-8. Ay, as .. cheer wreck: To see soul. Withhold. vow] 5-7. Euen as their den wracke. Withhold vow Q. .. forest bear ... her young historically correct, see Hall (253): "The erles of Marche and Warwycke, hauing perfite knowledge that the kyng and quene with their adherentes were departed from Saint Albons, determined first to ryde to London as the chefe Key, and common spectacle to the whole Realme, thinking there to assure them selfs of the East and West parte of the kingdome [Norfolk and Wales], as King Henry and his faction nesteled and strengthened him and his alies in the North regions and boreal plage meaning to haue buckelar against a sword, and a southerne byl to counteruayle Northern bassard" ["bastard," Grafton]. From this point, history goes wholly astray in the dramatic sequence. Mr. Boswell Stone eases the position by "We may suppose." a a 207. puissant host] "By reason whereof he [King Edward the iiij] assembled together a puissant army' (Hall, p. 252). And on p. 251. 9-20. My gracious liege. . her face. Who 'scapes in And harmful pity must be laid aside. The smallest worm will turn being trodden on, safeguard... brows] 8-19. My gratious lord . . . his den his young ... ΙΟ 15 20 sauage Beare his face. Whose scapes. in rescue... browes Q. unloving with those... 21-32. He, but a duke yield consent. more highly." An earlier use than any quoted. 13. forest bear] untamed; more than usually savage and wild bear. Compare "mountain lioness," Titus Andronicus, IV. ii. 138. And see below, V. vii. 10-12: "two brave bears That made the forest tremble." Marlowe speaks of "The forest deer" in Edward II. (212, b). 15. Who . lurking serpent's mortal sting] Compare Lucrece, 362- "Who sees the lurking serpent steps Lies at the mercy of his mortal 17. The smallest worm will turn being trodden on]" Tread a worme on the tayle and it must turne agayn " (Heywood (ed. Sharman), p. 111, 1546). It is in A. Munday's English Romayne Life, 1590 (Harl. Miscell. ii. 200). The whole passage might have been suggested by this one in Hall (270), spoken by Warwick: "what worme is touched, and will not once turne againe? what beast is striken that will not rore sound? What innocent child is hurte that will not crye? If the poore and unreasonable beasts: If the sely babes," etc. 18. doves will peck] See above, 1. iv. 41. Compare for the sentiment the swan and her downy cygnets, v. iii. 56 in Part I. 18. in safeguard of] Compare Richard III. v. iii. 259: "in safeguard of your wives." And see Measure for Measure, v. i. 424 (in this edition, note). Golding has "by like in you Sir snudge, Consistes the savegard of us all" (iii. 821, 822). 19. level at thy crown] Compare "level at my life," 2 Henry VI. . i. 160. It is said there of "dogged York" (not in the First Contention). 20. knit his angry brows] "knit his brows occurs again in 2 Henry VI. 1. ii. 3 and III. i. 15; and see below, III. ii. 82; and Lucrece, "knit brow," 709. One of the many expressions in these plays showing continuity and identity of authorship between them and known work of Shakespeare's. In Q. Note always too the identity of all these important and thoroughly Shakespearian speeches with those in Q. And the utter futility of distinguishing writers. New English Dictionary gives the expression from Chaucer, Knight's Tale, 1386, and Caxton, Sonnes of Aymon, 1489, with Shakespeare next. But Shakespeare read the following: "The protectoure ... came in agayn with a sowre angry countenaunce, knittynge the browes, frownynge, and frettyng, and gnawynge on his lyppes (Grafton's Continuation of Hardyng, p. 493, 1543). Thou, being a king, bless'd with a goodly son, 25 30 35 Ah, what a shame were this! Look on the boy; And let his manly face, which promiseth 40 Successful fortune, steel thy melting heart To hold thine own and leave thine own with him. K. Hen. Full well hath Clifford play'd the orator, consent But, Clifford, tell me, didst thou never hear 45 giue used with fearful . climb'd . . . defence ?] 20-31. He but a Duke . . vnnaturall. with those same wings Which they haue sometime defence? Q. 33-42. For shame, my liege vsde in fearefull . climes precedent birthright by ... tune, steel. heart To hold . president. birth right through Steele thoughtes to keepe. hear That things ill . forwith him] 32-41. For shame, my Lord . awaie? Looke . fortune to vs all, with him Q. But, 43-48. Full well. always was. .. hell] 42-47. Full well . But tell me, didst thou neuer yet heare tell, That things euill ... euer was hell? Q. 33. precedent]" president" in Ff and Q, the common spelling of the time. 41. steel thy... heart] This expression is in Henry V. Iv. i. 306, and Venus and Adonis, 375, 376. And "steel thy fearful thoughts occurs in 2 Henry VI. III. i. 331. See also Sonnet 112, and Richard II. v. ii. 34. Note the improved metre from Quarto in 39-42, by insertion of "Ah what a shame were this." But it is more likely these are dropped words of a printer from a bad manuscript. 43. play'd the orator] See note 1 Henry VI. iv. i. 175; and above in 44. Inferring] alleging, adducing. See below, III. i. 49, Inferreth arguments." Elsewhere several times in Richard III. only. An uncommon use outside Shakespeare. Greene often uses "infer "_"infer comparison" is in Mamillia twice (draw comparisons). 46. things ill got .] An old saw. Compare Spenser's Mother Hubberds Tale (Globe ed. 523, b): “Ill might it prosper that ill gotten was." Heywood has (1546): "Soone gotten, soone spent, ill gotten, ill spent" (Sharman's And happy always was it for that son 50 As brings a thousand-fold more care to keep Ah, cousin York, would thy best friends did know Q. Mar. My lord, cheer up your spirits: our foes are nigh, K. Hen. Edward Plantagenet, arise a knight; And learn this lesson, draw thy sword in right. 55 60 65 49-53. I'll leave . . . thousand-fold more . Than pleasure] 48-52. I leaue. askes a thousand times more . . Then maie the present profit counteruaile Q. 54, 55. Ah, is here!] 53, 54. Ah... stands there Q. 56-60. My lord kneel down] 55-58. My lord, this harmefull pittie makes your followers faint. You promisde knighthood to your princelie sonne, Vnsheath your sword and straight doe dub him knight. Kneele downe Edward Q. 61-66. Edward . . . lesson, draw... Clif. Why prince] 59-64. Edward lesson boy, draw . . . Northum. Why ... prince Q. ed. p. 131). And in Grafton's Con- is 47, 48. happy was that son Whose father to hell] An old adage, but "for his hoarding Shakespeare's insertion, and the application is his own. The original is in Latimer's Seven Sermons (Arber, p. 97), 1549: "Happy is the chylde whose father goeth to the Deuyll." It is also in T. Lupton's All for Money (Halliwell rept. p. 156), 1578. It is in Harington's Epigrams, Ray's Proverbs, etc. Halliwell and Staunton have wrongly made this an evidence of Greene's work. Greene never came where this work grew. Greene has a very silly comment on it in The Royall Exchange (Grosart, vii. 235), quoted by Halliwell. Tom Brown (Works, ed. ... 1708, iii. 74) refers to a song of the proverb, about a fop newly come to his estate. 57. soft courage] replaces "harmful pity "of Quarto; a better phrase, but it has been used above at line 10. 57. faint] See above, 1. i. 129. 59. dub him presently] This occurred after Mortimer's Cross and the second battle of Saint Albans which followed close, and is thus told in sequence from Hall, quoted at II. i. III: "When quene Margaret had thus well sped, first she caused the kyng to dubbe prince Edward his sonne, knyght, with xxx. other persons, which in the morning fought on the queene's side, against his parte " (p. 252). 66. toward] willing, courageous. See Soliman and Perseda (Boas' Kyd), 1. iv. 35, 36: "Tis wondrous that so yong a toward warriour Should bide the shock of such approved knights." And |