Gaseous Detonations: Their Nature, Effects and ControlSpringer Science & Business Media, 31 gen 1987 - 255 pagine My introduction to the fascinating phenomena associated with detonation waves came through appointments as an external fellow at the Department of Physics, University College of Wales, and at the Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Leeds. Very special thanks for his accurate guidance through the large body of information on gaseous detonations are due to Professor D. H. Edwards of University College of Wales. Indeed, the onerous task of concisely enumerating the key features of unidimensional theories of detonations was undertaken by him, and Chapter 2 is based on his initial draft. When the text strays to the use of we, it is a deserved acknow ledgement of his contribution. Again, I should like to thank Professor D. Bradley of Leeds University for his enthusiastic encouragement of my efforts at developing a model of the composition limits of detonability through a relationship between run-up distance and composition of the mixture. The text has been prepared in the context of these fellowships, and I am grateful to the Central Electricity Generating Board for its permission to accept these appointments. |
Sommario
Introduction | 1 |
12 Definitions of commonlyused terms | 2 |
13 Unidimensional models of detonations | 5 |
14 Structure of a detonation wave | 6 |
15 Philosophy of presentation | 12 |
Unidimensional models | 18 |
22 Properties of unidimensional shock waves | 19 |
23 Properties of unidimensional shock waves with energy addition | 22 |
59 Influence of initial temperature and pressure of the medium on runup distances | 125 |
510 Influence of diameter of pipeline on runup distances | 126 |
511 Effect of additives on predetonation distances | 129 |
512 Effects of surface roughness and obstacles on acceleration of confined flames | 131 |
513 Pressure piling cascading | 132 |
514 Concluding remarks | 133 |
Interaction of a detonation with confinement | 136 |
62 Diffraction at an isolated wall | 138 |
Properties of the ChapmanJouguet state | 25 |
25 Comparison of CJ predictions and experiment | 28 |
26 The Zeldovich von Neumann Doring model | 31 |
27 Comparison of the ZND model and experiment | 34 |
28 The Taylor expansion wave | 37 |
29 Concluding remarks | 40 |
Structure of detonation fronts | 42 |
32 Spinning detonation fronts | 44 |
33 Gallopingfronts | 51 |
34 Experimental studies of multiheaded fronts | 53 |
35 Theoretical treatments of multiheaded fronts | 61 |
36 Concluding remarks | 66 |
Detonable media | 69 |
42 Confined and unconfined detonations | 70 |
43 Gases and vapours which are detonable in the absence of an oxidant | 73 |
44 Comparison of detonation limits for confined and unconfined detonations with flammability limits for mixtures of hydrocarbons with oxygen and... | 75 |
45 Homology hypothesis for predicting detonation limits | 80 |
46 Detonations with oxidants other than oxygen | 82 |
47 Influence of initial pressure and temperature on detonability | 83 |
48 Influence of additives on detonability | 86 |
49 Detonations in suspensions of dusts and droplet mists in oxidizing atmospheres | 89 |
Initiation of a detonation wave | 94 |
52 Initiation of confined detonations by shock waves | 95 |
53 Initiation by blast waves from electrical and laser sparks and from charges of conventional explosives | 98 |
54 Detonation waves in large unconfined clouds of vapour | 106 |
55 Minimum ignition energies | 109 |
56 Laminar burning velocities | 113 |
57 Expansion ratios | 117 |
58 Detonations arising from accelerating flames | 118 |
63 Diffraction at an isolated wall | 143 |
64 Diffraction at an isolated wall standard two and threeshock theory for nonreactive media and the effects of reaction | 152 |
65 Normal reflection of a detonation wave | 158 |
66 Transmission of a planar detonation through an abrupt expansion in area | 161 |
67 Propagation of detonations through bends and junctions | 168 |
68 Interaction of a detonation with an inert surrounding gas | 169 |
69 Refraction of detonations in mixtures of different composition | 170 |
610 Concluding remarks | 172 |
Damage caused by detonations | 173 |
72 Early experiments on effective pressures generated by detonations | 176 |
73 Damage produced by detonations in chemical plant | 179 |
75 Concluding remarks | 190 |
Prevention and mitigation of detonations | 191 |
82 Inhibition of flames of normal burning velocity | 193 |
83 Venting in the early stages of an explosion | 195 |
84 Quenching of flameshock complexes | 197 |
85 Suppression of detonations | 199 |
86 Mitigating the effects of detonations | 204 |
87 Concluding remarks | 207 |
Concluding recommendations | 208 |
92 Stress waves in confining walls | 211 |
93 Planned deformations as safety measures | 212 |
94 Designing to minimize the effects of local peaks in pressure | 213 |
95 Suggestions for further studies of detonations | 214 |
References | 219 |
| 241 | |
| 247 | |
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Gaseous Detonations: Their nature, effects and control M.A. Nettleton Anteprima non disponibile - 2011 |
Parole e frasi comuni
acceleration acetylene argon C-J velocity CCW theory chemical chemical kinetics clouds composition confined detonations critical energies deflagration deformation density detonable media detonation front detonation limits detonation velocities detonation waves detonations in mixtures diameter diffraction diluted droplets dust effects Equation expansion fan Figure flame flammability limits flow formation fuel and oxidant fuel-lean mixtures fuel-rich gaseous mixtures gases hydrocarbons incident front increase initial pressure interactions laminar burning velocity leading front leading shock limits of detonability Mach number Mach stem measurements mechanisms medium methane mixtures of fuel mixtures of hydrogen occur oxygen oxyhydrogen particles peak pressures pipeline plant possible predicted pressure histories produced propagating properties quenching reaction zones readily detonable run-up distances Section self-decomposing shock front shock tube shock waves spacing of transverse specific heat ratio spherical detonations spin stoichiometric mixtures structure temperature transverse fronts transverse waves triple point tube turbulence typical unconfined unidimensional theories values vapour wall
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