The Physiology of the Joints: The lower limb

*New functional tests for the shoulder, the elbow and the hand. *Explanation of why the forearm has two bones. *A logical and mathematical explanation of the so called CODMANN Paradox. *New conceptions of the physiology of the carpus. *Clear explanation of notions as DISI and VISI for the pathology of the carpus. *New cotation of the thumb opposition and counter-opposition, presently integrated in the International Evaluation. *Fundamental notion of the complex grip-plus-action, very important for the evaluation of the function of the hand. *Symbolic and affective value of the hand. *A comprehensive board of the motor nerves of the upper limb. *New test to detect an ulnar palsy at the forearm.