any intelligent investigator to identify both the man and the horse. The persons who discovered the footprints saw nothing strange about them. Four or five days later some witnesses for the state examined these footprints. They thought there was "something peculiar" about them, but did not know what it was. But later on, with a number of other persons, they measured the tracks, marking their length and width upon sticks. It is significant to notice that even these crude measures were not produced at the trial. The witness who made them said he had not kept the sticks because the prosecuting attorney told him it was not necessary to keep them! That was about the extent of the examination of the footprints, except that somebody among the number of persons who visited the place finally discovered that the man who had made the prints had been wearing overshoes. The examination of the horse's tracks was even more careless, if possible. The witnesses who knew something about horses looked at the tracks and said that the hoof mark was queer. They thought it had been made by a horse named Nig, which belonged to Nordall. They tracked the horse pretty cleverly, located the place where the assassin had left it standing while he walked from the river to the house, and followed the trail where the horse had gone in the direction of Nordall's ranch. There the matter ended. Nothing was done to show the court in what manner the tracks were queer, or how they resembled the track of Nordall's horse. Upon such an examination of marked distinguishing clews the assassin never could have been located or convicted. It happened, however, that there was an abundance of physical evidence indicating Nordall as the assassin. Among other things the authorities found at his house a pair of overshoes. Both of these overshoes were for the left foot. It was then discovered that the "something peculiar" which the witnesses had noticed in the footprints was that they had all been made by what appeared to be a left footthat is to say, by some one wearing a left overshoe on each foot. See Figure 25 (Frontispiece). An examination disclosed that there was frozen blood on the bottom of these overshoes, between the heel and the sole. The overshoes were given to an analytical chemist to determine whether the stains were human blood. And, to add to all the other amazing inadequacies in this example of criminal investigation, the expert testified at the trial that he was unable to say whether or not the blood on the overshoes was that of a human being! Is it any wonder that European authorities dismiss the subject of criminal investigation in this country with the single condemnatory sentence: "Crude, unscientific and careless!" THE END INDEX A-B-C Code, 254 Alexander II, assassination of, 131 use of dominant clue, 155–161 American expenditure for crim- American inefficiency in scientific criminal investigation, 127, 128 American municipal centers, de- American padlock, European ob- American police service, 165 American prison development, Anderson, Sir Robert, on get- on lack of expertness among on "the old rounder," 197 on twenty-thousand-gold-sover Anderson, Thomas, murder of, 5 Angle-writing code, 277, 278 28 conservatism in legal proce- inferiority in crime investiga- Annapolis training school, and Anonymous letters, detection in, punishable crime, in America, 227 Anthropometrics, Bertillon's, in foorprint reading, 298 in identification, 26, 27 Antin, Gueuvive alias, 38 Antiserum test of bloodstains, Uhlenhuth report on, 240, 241 Apache reception of French pre- for on German, French and English Arrest, English methods, 20-22, 24 262 Bank cracksmen methods, 212 filing of, by legal technicalities, rôle of, in trust company or- success of, in bank officer's pec- by reserve fund officers, 201-203 inside man's methods, 199-203 of $40,000, by paying teller, success, in cashing single check, Bank of England robbery by Bank robber, Chief Justice of Baranow, Countess Marie, 129 ern European murderers, 311 Bravi, Mafia chiefs, 89 Brixton Prison criminal, attempt Broadway shootings, statistics, 21 Bullet wounds, facts concerning, 61 Burais, on photography in crimi- Burglar, barefooted, 84 Cæsar's code, 252, 253 California prisoner, identity dis- Camorrist punishment of treach- Camorrist sign in Countess Z Capezanto, work of, against Ca- Carabinieri, organization of, 91 Carton's case, Illinois, footprint Causse, on footprint studies, 301, Cell system, development, 193, 194 Chalons-sur-Marne, incident of undecipherable code, 262 Charles I grant to Earl of Stir- Chemist, biological, on bloodstains, 235 Chemistry contribution to blood- stain knowledge, 236 Chesswell Street pickpocket, 10 cation of bank robber, 199 Circumstantial evidence, unrelia- City Guards, Italian organization Civil war, opposition of Federal suppression of field orders in sympathetic ink in secret code Clairvoyant, in American murder Claude, M., on Dumas' attitude Clue, essential, use of, in Ameri- in English criminal investiga- See Clues in crime detection. Code, double, use of, 282-285 Code service by telegraph, Grant's Codes (see also Secret ciphers), Coin, as saw depository, 182, 183 in sign code invention, 276, 277 |