Encyclopedia of Energy: Ph-S

applications approximately areas biofuels biogas biomass cancer carbon chemical coal collectors commercial concentration consumers cooker cooling costs countries cycle economic effect electricity electrons emissions energy consumption energy efficiency energy policy energy R&D energy sources energy systems energy technologies environment environmental ethanol FIGURE fossil fuels geothermal global greenhouse greenhouse gas grid growth heat pump higher hydropower impacts increase industry installed investment layer levels material ment metal million modules natural gas net metering nuclear power offshore operation oxide photocatalytic photoelectrochemical cell photovoltaic population potential power plants production programs projects radiation reaction reactor recycling reduce refrigeration regions renewable energy resource curse result risk sector semiconductor silicon solar cells solar cookers solar energy solar pond specific supply temperature thermal tion transport turbine United utilities vapor wind power