food or drink: poisoning has in all ages been carried to a high art in Italy.

123 13 scitote: notice the second (fut.) imper. (regularly used in this word).

123 16 his noctibus: although this was spoken Nov. 9, yet the Roman year was at this time in such a state of confusion that the true date was probably some time in December, just when the winter was setting in.

Sects. 24, 25. These followers of Catiline contrasted with the defenders of the state. The issue of such a contest cannot be doubtful.

123 27 (SECT. 24.) urbes coloniarum, etc. : the colonies and free communities (municipia) included the walled cities (urbes) in their territory. These well-manned walls would be more than a match for Catiline's rude works (tumulis).

124. 1 (SECT. 25.) causas, i.e., the cause of the conspirators and that of the state in their moral aspect (cf. in ejus modi, etc., l. 12, below).

124 2 ex eo ipso, from the very comparison.

124 10 bona ratio, good counsel; perdita, desperate.

124 17 (SECT. 26.) custodiis vigiliisque: see Cat. i., sect. 8, and note. 124 19 consultum, etc., provident measures have been taken. — coloni municipesque: a colony differed from a municipium in being founded by Roman (or Latin) citizens, who retained from the first their citizenship, either in whole or in part. By Cicero's time there was no longer any real difference between the two classes of towns; but the colonies always retained a certain precedence in rank.

124 20 hac... excursione: see Introd., p. 113 of text.

124 22 gladiatores: see sect. 9, 1. 5.

124 23 quamquam (corrective), referring to manum certissimam. 124 24 tamen: pointing the contrast between the suppression of this body and Catiline's expectations from them.

124 29 vocari videtis: the members of the Senate had their gathering place (senaculum) adjoining the curia, and were summoned by heralds (praecones) from this into the building. If any were absent, the heralds were sent to their houses. The curia and senaculum were visible from the place of assembly in the Forum, and the heralds could no doubt be seen going their rounds.

Sects. 26-29.

IV. PERORATIO (§§ 26-29).

Citizens need not fear: the consul will protect

the city. The conspirators warned. There shall be no disturbance.

FIG. 33.

The gods will lend their aid.

125. 2 (SECT. 27.) monitos volo: $292, d, N.; G. 537.

125 3 solutior: for compar. see § 93,

a; G. 297; H. 444, I.

125 4 quod, etc., as for the rest (i.e. what remains to be done).

125 5 horum and his relate to the citizens by whom he is surrounded, and imply a gesture.

125 8 cujus, referring, like qui, to the subject of sentiet.

125 17 (SECT. 28.) me, etc., abl. abs. -togato, in perfect peace, i.e. without any military demonstration: the toga was the regular dress of the Roman in time of peace. (See Fig. 33, from an antique statue.)

125 22 illud, in appos. with ut. . . possitis: I will secure that, etc.

125 24 neque. . . -que, not... and. 125 28 (SECT. 29.) quibus . . . ducibus (abl. abs.), under whose guidance.

126. 3 quam urbem. . . hanc, this city which (§ 200, b, N.; G. 616; H. 445, 9); or (repeating the noun) the city which, etc.,

THAT city.

THIRD ORATION AGAINST CATILINE.

ARGUMENT.

CHAP. I.

Exordium. The citizens are congratulated on their deliverance. - Narratio. 2, 3. Story of the arrest: the conspirators' plans were watched arrest of certain leaders at the Mulvian Bridge. -4. The conspirators before the Senate testimony of Volturcius and the Gauls. — 5. The letters produced. Confession of Cethegus, Lentulus, and Gabinius.

-6. The Senate decrees that the traitors be kept in custody and that a general thanksgiving be held.-7. Now all is safe: Catiline alone was to be feared, and that only while in the city. Character of Catiline. —8, 9. The divine aid manifest in sundry omens: Jupiter watches over the city. — Peroratio. 10. Exhortation to keep the thanksgiving: this bloodless victory compared with others more costly.-11. Cicero claims no reward but a grateful remembrance. -12. But he is less fortunate than victors in foreign war, since the conquered are still citizens. He relies on the devotion of his countrymen, and has no fear for the future. The assembly dismissed.

I. EXORDIUM (§§ 1, 2).

Sects. 1, 2. The citizens congratulated on their deliverance. PAGE 126. LINE 7. (SECT. I.) vitam, lives: the plural would rarely be used in Latin.

126 8 bona, estates (landed property); fortunas, goods (personal property).

126 16 (SECT. 2.) nascendi . . . condicio, the lot of birth.

126 17 illum: Romulus, who, after his death, was deified and identi

fied with the Sabine god of war, Quirinus.

127. 4 urbi, etc., dat. with subjectos.

127 6 idem (plu.), I ... have also, etc. (§ 195, e; G. 310; H. 451, 3). 127 7 eorum, i.e. of the swords.

II. NARRATIO (§§ 3-22).

Sects. 3-7. Story of the arrest. The conspirators watched: their attempts to tamper with the Allobroges disclosed to Cicero: the arrest at the Mulvian Bridge: seizure of incriminating letters.

127 8 (SECT. 3) inlustrata, patefacta, comperta: the anticlimax is only apparent, for comperta expresses the most difficult as well as the most important of the three acts.

127 9 vobis, opposed to in senatu (1. 8).

127 10 investigata, traced out (observe the figure).

127 11 exspectatis, are waiting to hear.

127 12 ut, ever since.

cum.

127 16 possemus: 334, b; G. 467, 0; H. cf. 523, ii, i, N. eiciebam: notice the tense (at the time I was engaged in driving out, etc., also volebam, below), as compared with erupit (burst forth, once for all). Notice, also, the difference in mood (at the time, etc.), compared with cum

reliquisset in 1. 14 (not referring to time at all, but to circumstance: having left behind, etc.): see § 323, 325, a; G. 580, 585; H. 521, i, ii.

127 17 invidiam: see Cat. i., sect. 23, p. 128, 1. 27, and note.

127 18 illa, sc. invidia. — quod . . . exierit: § 341, d; G. 539; H. 516, ii.

127 20 restitissent: in dir. disc. this would be restiterint (fut. perf.). 127 25 (SECT. 4.) quoniam ... faceret, because (as I thought), etc.; hence the subj. rather than faciebat (§ 341, d, R.; G. 541; H. 516, ii). 127 26 oratio, argument; fidem faceret, gain credence. 127 27 rem comprehenderem, get hold of the matter. — ut deretis, purpose.

...

provi127 28 cum ... videretis, subj. of integral part (otherwise it would

bo videbitis).

127 29 Allobrogum: the Allobroges were a Gallic nation, between the Rhone and the Alps (in the modern Dauphiné and Savoy); subdued B.C. 121, and united with the province Narbonensis. They were restless under their new masters (see sect. 22), and inclined to take up with Catiline's Their ambassadors had come to complain of certain exactions of their provincial governor. — belli, i.e. when out of the range of the Roman jurisdiction; tumultus, rebellion, i.e. when nearer home.

movement.

127 30 Lentulo, see Introd.: he had been consul B.C. 71, but had been expelled from the Senate the next year, with sixty-three others, on account of his character, and he now held the prætorship with the view of beginning the career of office over again.

128. 5 manifesto deprehenderetur, taken in the act: the words apply strictly to the criminals themselves.

128 7 (SECT. 5.) praetores: although the regular duties of the prætors were judicial, yet they possessed the imperium, and in virtue of this could command troops in the absence of the consuls, or under their authority.

128 9 qui ... sentirent (subj. of characteristic), as men who, etc.

128 11 pontem Mulvium: the bridge over the Tiber, about two miles above the city, by which the principal roads (the Flaminian and Cassian) led into north Italy.

128 13 inter eos, i.e. between the two divisions.

128 15 praefectura: the title given to the politically lowest class of Italian towns, which had lost their independence; cf. Vocab. under colonia and municipium. - Reatina: Reate was a very ancient town of the Sabines, about forty miles northeast of Rome. Cicero was the patronus of Reate; that is, acted as its attorney and legal counsel: which accounts for his having this body-guard of young men from that place. Besides,

these simple mountaineers still retained something of the old Italian virtues, and therefore were well fitted for this service.

129. 1 praesidio, dat. of service.

129 2 (SECT. 6.) tertia... exacta, about 3 A.M.: the night, from sunset to sunrise, was divided by the Romans into four vigiliae of equal length. 129 3 magno comitatu, abl. of accomp. (§ 248, a, N.; G. 392,R.1; H. 419, 11).

129 5 res, the occasion of the attack.

129 6 ignorabatur, etc. Though the Allobroges had played the conspirators false, and knew that the consul had his plans ready, they did not know what these plans were, and therefore were as much taken by surprise as Volturcius himself. Even the troops would appear not to have known what special enterprise they were engaged in.

129 11 machinatorem: Gabinius had been the go-between in this case; he and Statilius were to burn the city (Sall. Cat. 43, 44).

129 14 venit: of course he had been summoned like the others.

129 15 praeter, etc., since Lentulus was notoriously lazy.

129 16 (SECT. 7.) viris, dat. after placeret, which has for subject litteras... aperiri, etc.

129 18 deferrem, integral part of aperiri; otherwise it would prob. be defers (see § 327, a; G. 574; H. 520).

129 20 esse facturum governs the result clause ut . . . deferrem: we may translate, I said I would not fail to lay before the public council a matter touching the public danger before it had been tampered with (integram).

129 22 etenim . . . si, for if, you see.

129 23 reperta .

essent in dir. disc. this would be reperta erunt.

Sects. 8-13. The conspirators before the Senate. Evidence of Volturcius and the Allobroges. The letters produced. Confession of the conspirators.

129 30 introduxi, sc. in senatum. — fidem publicam, assurance of safety: he was to be used as state's evidence.

129 31 sciret, subj. of integral part.

130. 3 servorum: the recollection of the terrible servile insurrections in Sicily, and especially that of Spartacus in Italy, less than ten years before, would make this shock and terrify Cicero's hearers beyond measure. —ut . . . uteretur (§ 331; G. 546; H. 498, i), obj. of the verb of commanding implied in mandata, etc.

130 4 id, in a sort of apposition with ut . . . accederet.