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130 5 cum... incendissent, subj. because integral part of ut . . . praesto esset; otherwise it would be incenderimus (fut. perf.). 130 6 erat: § 336, b; G. 628, R.; H. 524, 2.

130 12 (SECT. 9.) ut

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mitterent, purpose.

equitatum: the Roman cavalry was at this time chiefly composed of Gallic and other auxiliaries.

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130 13 sibi (copias) refers to the conspirators; sibi (confirmasse) to the envoys of the Allobroges (196, a, 1 and 2). — defuturas [esse] depends on the idea of saying implied in praescriptum (1. 11).

130 14 fatis: the books bought by Tarquinius Superbus of the Cumæan Sibyl. They were kept in charge of a board, collegium, the quindecimviri sacris faciundis, and consulted in cases of great public emergency (cf. Æneid, vi. 71, and note). - haruspicum: the haruspices were Etruscan soothsayers, who interpreted the will of the gods, chiefly from the entrails of animals sacrificed. They were a private class, of low standing, and are not to be confounded with the augurs, who were a board of Roman noblemen, of high rank, who interpreted the auspices according to the native Roman rules, chiefly by the flight of birds, by lightning, etc.

130 16 Cinnam, etc. : L. Cornelius Cinna was colleague of Marius, and ruled Rome after his death, B.C. 86. L. Cornelius Sulla ruled Rome B.C. 82-79 (see sect. 24). 130 19 virginum: the Vestal Virgins, six in number, maidens of

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temple of Jupiter Capitolinus (see "Plunder of Syracuse," sect. 15) was

burned during the rule of the Marian faction, B.C. 83.

festival in honor of

130 21 (SECT. 10.) Saturnalibus: a very ancient Saturn, the god of seed-sowing, celebrated Dec. 19. During this festival every serious business was suspended; and it was so complete a holiday that slaves feasted at the same tables with their masters. No better opportunity could be found for the outbreak of an insurrection than this season of unrestrained jollification.

130 24 tabellas, tablets of wood: wax was spread on the inside, and on this the writing was scratched with a stilus. When used for letters, the

tablets were tied about with a linen thread, linum, and sealed. See Fig.

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governed by an aristocracy, having a council or senate as its mouthpiece. 130 28 sese, etc. : in dir. disc., faciam quae vestris legatis confirmavi. 130 29 ut illi, etc. in the direct form, -vos facite quae sibi vestri legati receperunt. Note the change of pronouns as well as of moods and tenses. sibi recepissent, had taken upon themselves.

130 30 qui... respondisset, qui concessive. — tamen, i.e. in spite of the strong evidence against him.

131. 5 est vero, etc., i.e. you may well recognize it: it is, etc.

131 6 avi tui: Cornelius Lentulus, cos. B.C. 162. He was princeps senatus, that is, designated by the censors as first man of the Senate an honorary office, held ordinarily by patricians.

131 8 debuit (§ 288, a; G. 254, R.1; H. 537, 1), ought to have recalled. (The joining of such opposites as muta and revocare is called oxymoron, or paradox.)

131 9 (SECT. 11.) eadem ratione, to the same purport.

131 10 si . . . vellet: § 341, c; G. 663, 2, b (direct, si vis). — feci

potestatem, I gave him leave.

131 15 per quem, i.e. who had conducted them.

131 16 nihilne, equiv. to nonne aliquid.

132. 1 esset, is (imperf. by seq. of tenses, § 287, d; H. 495, v).

132 11 (SECT. 12.) quis sim, etc.: this letter is given with slight variations by Sallust, Cat. 44.

132 12 quem in locum, etc., how far you have gone (alluding to the fact that he was thoroughly compromised).

132 14 infimorum, i.e. slaves; see note, p. 130, 1. 3, above.

132 17 (SECT. 13.) illa, the following (§ 102, b; G. 307, 3; H. 450, 3). 132 21 furtim, stealthily ("like thieves"); so English stealth from steal.

132 23 senatum consului: deliberative assemblies in ancient times were under the control of the presiding officer, and members could not speak or introduce business except when called upon by him. He laid a subject before them (consulere senatum), referre ad senatum, and asked their opinions individually, in a definite order, usually according to their rank or dignity. In the case of a general question he was said referre (consulere) de summa re publica. The form would be, dic, C. Juli, sententiam. (See Introd., p. lvii.)

132 25 a principibus, the leading men. — sententiae: the views of the individual Senators (see note on 1. 23, above).

132 27 perscriptum: the opinions (sententiae) of the Senators (given as just described) merely determined the substance of the ordinance, which was afterwards written out in regular form by the secretaries in the presence of some of its advocates and under the direction of the presiding officer. (See the form as given on p. 255 of the text.)

Sects. 14, 15. Action of the Senate: the chief conspirators are given into custody and a thanksgiving is voted.

132 31 (SECT. 14.) L. Flaccus: see note on p. 128, 1. 7 (sect. 5.) 133. 1 conlegae, C. Antonius: see Introd. to Cat. i., p. 99 of text. 133 3 rei publicae consiliis, the public counsels, i.e. his own (officially) as consul.

133 4 cum se abdicasset, after abdicating. Lentulus could not properly be called to account during his magistracy; but he might be forced to resign, and could then be proceeded against.

133 6 erant: notice that this and similar clauses in this section, being explanations by Cicero and not parts of the decree, take the indicative.

1337 L. Cassium, etc.: these last mentioned had not yet been arrested, but Ceparius was caught in his flight and brought back.

1339 pastores: Apulia was, as now, used chiefly for pasturage. In the summer, when these broad plains were dried up, the flocks were driven to the mountain pastures of Samnium and Lucania. These pastoral regions have always been the home of a lawless and restless population, prone to brigandage.

133 11 colonis, etc. cf. sect. 20, above (pp. 121, 122).

133 19 (SECT. 15.) supplicatio, a day of prayer, proclaimed by the Senate, either in thanksgiving (gratulatio) as in the present case, or in entreating favor of the gods.

133 20 eorum, i.e. the gods.

133 21 togato, as a civilian: cf. Cat. ii., sect. 28 (p. 125, l. 17), note and Fig. 33.

133 23 liberassem: in the decree, liberavit.

133 24 hoc interest, there is this difference.-bene gesta, as well as conservata, agrees with re publica (abl. abs.).

133 26 faciendum . . . fuit: observe that this form has not here its usual cont. to fact implication.

133 29 jus, rights. - tamen: he was allowed to resign instead of being put to death without resigning (as in the case below).

133 30 quae . . . fuerat, what had not been a scruple to Marius scruple which had not prevented M. from (quo minus, etc.).

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133 31 quo minus occideret, to prevent his killing, following religio (§ 319, c; G. 549; H. 499, 3, N.2).-C. Glauciam: see note, Cat. i., p. 101, 1. 1.—nominatim, i.e. Marius acted merely under the general authority conferred on him by the Senate in the formula, Videant consules, etc. (see note on Cat. i., sect. 2, p. 100, l. 12).

Sects. 16, 17. The conspiracy is now crushed. Catiline.

Character of

134.5 (SECT. 16.) pellebam, conative imperf.; cf. sect. 3 (p. 127, 1. 16), and note.

134 8 pertimescendam: observe the intensive force of per.

134 9 ille erat, etc. : with this character of Catiline cf. notes on Cat. i. 26 (p. 109, 1. 23) and ii. 9 (p. 117, 1. 4).

134 10 continebatur: for tense, see § 276, e, N.; G. 569; H. 519, i. 134 12 consilium, ability to plan.

134 15 mandarat: for mood and tense, see $$ 322, 309, c; G. 567;

H. 472, 2.

134 22 (SECT. 17.) depulissem, pushed aside: the image is of averting a crushing weight (molem), just ready to fall.

134 23 non ille, etc., i.e. as Cethegus did. — Saturnalia, i.e. so distant a date. - constituisset: the prot. (cont. to fact) is implied in ille

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(§ 310, a; G. 593, 3; H. 507, N.7).

134 24 rei publicae, dat. after denuntiavisset.

134 25 testes, in appos. with both signum and litterae.

134 26 quae, referring to Cicero's success in securing (lit. capturing)

the evidence of guilt.

135. 3 hostis (pred. appos.), as an enemy.

Sects. 18-22. Thanks due to the gods. Signs and omens. Jupiter watches over the city.

135 7 (SECT. 18.) cum (correl. with tum vero, l. 9), i.e. we cannot merely guess it (for the reason in the quod clause following), but still more we can almost see it with our own eyes.

135 8 quod... potuisse (parenthetical), because, etc. - consili (pred. gen. limiting gubernatio), to belong to human wisdom.

135 11 possemus: for tense, see § 287, a; G. 511, R.3; H. 495, i. 135 12 faces, etc. : these omens are such as the Romans observed and noted carefully. Livy's history is full of them.

135 16 praetermittendum, inadvertently; relinquendum, intentionally.

135 18 (SECT. 19.) Cotta et Torquato, consuls B.C. 65, the year in which Catiline first intended to carry out his conspiracy.

135 21 aera: the laws were engraved on bronze tables.

FIG. 36.

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135 22 ille Romulus: there is a bronze statute of the wolf suckling the infants in the Capitoline Museum at Rome, which bears marks either of lightning seaming one of its hind legs, or of some defect in the casting (Fig. 36). This is probably identical with that here mentioned. 135 25 haruspices: see note on sect. 9 (p. 130, 1. 14), above. 135 29 flexissent: in dir. disc. flexerint, following appropinquare, which points to the future (§ 307, d; G. 595; H. 508, 4).

135 29 (SECT. 20.) illorum, i.e. the haruspices.

135 30 ludi: festivals in which races and theatrical performances were celebrated in honor of the gods; such festivals were especially appointed to appease the deities in times of danger and distress; cf. Verres, i., sect. 31.

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136. 1 idem (plur.), they also.

136 3 contra atque, opposite to what (§ 156, a; G. 643; H. 459, 2). 136 5 solis. . . conspiceret: the Forum and the Senate house (curia) were east of the south end of the Capitoline Hill, on which stood the Capitolium, or temple of Jupiter Capitolinus (see Plan of Forum).

136 7 inlustrarentur: the word is chosen with reference to the omen of Jupiter looking toward the rising sun.

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