12. aliquid amplius: that something greater being, of course, the reconstruction of the state.

13. futurus fuit: was to be.

15. admirationis plus . . . quam gloriae: more of wonder than of glory, i.e. men would wonder at Caesar's exploits but would not praise him for his services.

16. si quidem gloria, etc.: since, in fact, glory is the distinguished and widespread reputation for great services, be it to one's citizens, to one's fatherland, or to the whole human race.

19. Ch. IX. Sec. 27. pars, actus: the common comparison of life to a play. The metaphor is continued in elaborandum est, a word used for literary composition.

22. tum te: tum with dicito, te subj. of vixisse.

24. dicito: fut. imperative instead of present because referring to the time indicated by tum. A. 269, d, 2; B. 281, 1, a G. 268, 2; H. 560, 4; (487, 2, 1)).

25. diu: used as a noun. A. 29, c; G. 20, III.

26. praeterita, futura: used as adjectives with voluptas. Probably Cicero is here expressing Caesar's belief rather than his own. Caesar as an Epicurean did not believe in a future life. So Sallust in his Catiline (Ch. 51) makes Caesar say that 'mortem cuncta mortalium mala dissolvere; ultra neque curae neque gaudio locum esse.'

PAGE 157. 1. Quamquam: see 61, 9; 75, 10, and notes. This sentence and the following may be profitably compared with the similar sentiments in the Pro Archia, § 29.

3. amore: a longing for. § 28. nec vero haec tua vita ducenda est, and in fact this is not to be regarded as your life. 5. illa, illa vita est tua: see on the similar anaphora of ille in Ille, ille Iuppiter restitit, 101, 8.

7. huic i.e. the immortal fame just described. inservias, ostentes sc. ut. A. 331, f, R.; B. 295, 6, 8; G. 553, r. 1; H. 564, II. 1; (502, 1).

8. quae miretur, quae laudet: 10. imperia, provincias, etc.: legentes.

rel. cl. of purpose.
objects of audientes et

12. munera: gifts to the people, especially of corn and public games.

18. Sec. 29. aliquid requirent: will find something lacking. 20. illud... hoc: the former (i.e. belli civilis incendium), the latter (i.e. salute patriae). A. 102, a, b; B. 246, 1; G. 307, R. 1; H. 506, 1; (450, 2). fati and consili are pred. gen.

after fuisse, see on humani consili, 98, 16.

21. Servi igitur eis etiam iudicibus: have regard then also for those critics.

24. Sec. 30. Id autem, etc.: cf. the sentiment on 143, 10-16.

Ch. X. After a glance at the unhappy conditions prevailing during the Civil War, the orator returns to the thought with which he began (§ 21) this part of the oration; Caesar has no reason to fear for his life, for all recognize that he alone can rescue the state.

PAGE 158. 5. Ch. X. obscuritas: uncertainty, as to which side was in the right.

9. Sec. 31. bello: for cons. see A. 249; B. 218, 1; G. 407; H. 477, 1; (421, I.).

10. qui non fortuna inflammaret odium suum: who did not permit his good fortune to arouse his hatred.

11. omnis . . . eosdem: all alike, all equally.

...

12. Arma ab aliis, etc.: many laid down their arms after the battle of Pharsalus (48 B.C.), others were made to do so by the battle of Thapsus in Africa (46 B.C.).

13. Ingratus est iniustusque civis, etc.: i.e. the man who bears secret malice in his heart after being pardoned is worse than he who has fallen in battle for a mistaken cause.

Nisi te... manente:

20. Sec. 32. sanitatis: good sense. the abl. abs. used as a protasis for nisi tu

to strengthen maxime.

23. haec: with a gesture to indicate the city. 25. tibi: indirect obj. of pollicemur.

vel:

ut loquar: compare

ut levissime dicam, 98, 8; ne longum sit, 91, 25.

27. excubias et custodias: see Syn. 13. In the following year the senate decreed a body-guard for Caesar, but with his usual indifference to danger he refused to accept it.

All gratefully return thanks to Caesar for the pardon of Marcellus, and the renewed hope for the restoration of the state. The orator feels especially grateful because of his intimate friendship with Marcellus.

PAGE 159. 1. Ch. XI. Sec. 33. in eodem: lit., in the same place; freely, with the same thought.

2. agimus,

.

habemus: we express,

...

we feel. 5. stantibus dicere: to stand and speak.

6. cui necesse est: because of his friendship with Marcellus, and his prominence as a leader in the senate.

...

7. Marcello . . . reddito: abl. abs., now that Marcellus, etc. 10. Sec. 34. Quod autem summae benevolentiae est: looking forward both to cum id . . . praestiterim and (id) praestare debeo. A smooth translation will be facilitated by beginning with the clause cum . . . dubitatum, then translate the clause Quod . . nemini, and finally the principal clause, certe . . . debeo, to which all that precedes is preparatory. PAGE 160. 1. mea: on my part.

...

2. ut vix C. Marcello, etc.: so that I scarcely yielded to C. Marcellus, his most excellent and affectionate brother, and truly to no one besides him. In one of his letters to Marcellus, Cicero says, “Mihi salus tua tantae curae est ut Marcello fratri tuo aut par aut certe proximus sim."- Ad Fam. IV. 9.

SYNONYMS AND CONTRASTED WORDS.

In this table only such broad distinctions of meaning have been noted as seemed most essential and most likely to be useful to young students.

1. dico; inquam; aio; loquor.

dico, say, tell, speak, the usual word, commonly followed by the indirect discourse. Cf. Cat. I. 8; Arch. 8.

inquam, say I, usually after one or more words of a direct quotation. Cf. Cat. III. 10.

aio, say, assert, with both direct and indirect discourse. Common in quoting a proverbial or technical phrase. Cf. Cat. I. 15; II. 14.

loquor, talk, say, in ordinary conversation, without formality. Cf. Leg. Man. 13; Cat. I. 16; I. 18.

2. homo; vir.

homo, a human being, either м. or F., as distinguished from a brute. Cf. Cat. II. 10.

vir, a man, in the best sense, endowed with noble qualities, strength, courage, etc. Cf. Cat. III. 12.

3. appellare; nominare; vocare.

appellare, call, address, by the right name or title. Cf. Cat. III.

16.

nominare, give a name, call by name, name.

Arch. 26.

Cf. Cat. I. 27;

vocare, call, summon. Cf. Cat. III. 5, 6; IV. 13.

4. praetermittere; relinquere; omittere.

praetermittere, omit intentionally. Cf. Cat. I. 14. relinquere, leave behind, let remain, leave unsaid. 9; II. 27; III. 18.

omittere, allow to pass, not mention. Cf. Cat. I. 15.

Cf. Cat. I.

5. imago; effigies; simulacrum; statua.

imago, imitation, copy, likeness, of any sort. Cf. Cat. III. 10; Arch. 14.

effigies, an artistic copy, likeness, portrait.

Cf. Arch. 30. simulacrum, images formed by art, especially statues of the gods. Cf. Cat. III. 19.

statua, a statue, used only of human figures. Cf. Arch. 30.

6. templum; delubrum; fanum; aedes.

templum, a consecrated spot, a sanctuary; a temple. Cf. Cat. III. 2, 22.

delubrum, a place for expiation; a shrine. Cf. Cat. IV. 2. fanum, a place consecrated for a temple, shrine. Cf. Cat. IV. 24. aedes, a dwelling place of the gods, usually a simpler, smaller building than a templum. Cf. Cat. II. 12.

7. tutus; salvus; incolumis; integer.

tutus, safe, secure from attack or harm. Cf. Leg. Man. 31 salvus, saved, after danger, preserved. Cf. Cat. III. 3; Marcell. 32.

incolumis, entirely unhurt, free from injury. Cf. Leg. Man. 25; Cat. III. 25.

integer, untouched, uncorrupted. Cf. Cat. IV. 6;

Arch. 8.

8. mutus; tacitus.

mutus, not able to speak. Cf. Cat. III. 26.

tacitus, silent, not speaking. Cf. Cat. III. 26.

9. petere; postulare; flagitare.

III. 25.

petere, seek, strive to reach, ask. Cf. Arch. 25, 31; Cat. I. 11. postulare, demand with reasons of right, lay claim to. Cf. Cat. III. 26; IV. 23.

flagitare, demand urgently, impetuously, with importunity. Cf. Arch. 8; Cat. II. 6.

10. alter, alteri; alius, alii.

alter, one of two, another. alteri, one of two parties. Cf.

Cat. III. 26; IV. 7; Leg. Man. 10.

alius, one of a number, another. alii, some, others. Ct.

Arch. 13.