drink" the poison. But, on the contrary, I have found you to the present time to be" the most generous, mild, and best of all the men that ever came into this place; and therefore I am well convinced that you are not angry with me, but with the authors of your present condition, for you know who they are. Now therefore, for you know what I came to tell you, farewell; and endeavor to bear this necessity as easily as possible."

d

3. At the same time bursting into tears, and turning himself away, he departed. But Socrates, looking after him, said, "And thou, too, farewell; and we shall take care" to act as you advise." And at the same time, turning to us, "How courteous," he said, "is the behavior of that man! During the whole time of my abode here, he has visited me, and often conversed with me, and proved himself to be the best of men; and now how generously he weeps on my account! But let us obey him, Crito, and let some one bring the poison if it is bruised; and, if not, let the man whose business" it is bruise it."

4. "But, Socrates," said Crito, "I think that the sun still hangs1 over the mountains, and is not set yet.2 And at the same time I have known others who have drunk the poison very late after it was announced to them; who have supped and drunk abundantly. Therefore do not be in such haste, for there is yet time enough." Socrates replied," "Such men, Crito, act fitly in the manner which you have described, for they think to derive some advantage" from so doing ;" and I also with propriety shall not act in this manner." For I do not think I shall gain any thing by drinking 3 quod contra. 4 Rel. clause (Lesson 8, 3). 5 Participle.

6 isti.

it later, except becoming ridiculous to myself through desiring to live, and being sparing of life, when nothing of it any longer remains. Go therefore," said he, "be persuaded, and comply with my request."u

5. Then Crito, hearing this," gave a sign to the boy that stood near him; and the boyTM departing, and having stayed for some time, came back with the person that was to administer the poison, who brought it pounded in a cup. And Socrates, looking at the man, sain, "Well, my friend, as you are knowing in these matters, what is10 to be done?" "Nothing," he said, "but11 after you have drunk it to walk about, until a heaviness comes on in your legs, and then to lie down : this is the manner in which you have to act." And at the same time he extended the cup to Socrates. And Socrates taking it—and, indeed, with great cheerfulness, neither trembling nor turning color, but as his manner was, looking sternly under his brows at the man—" What say you," he said, "to makingo a libation from this? may I do it or not?"

6. "We can only bruise as much, Socrates," he replied," "as we think sufficient for the purpose." "I understand you," he said, "but it is both lawful and proper to pray to the gods that my departure from hence to another world may be prosperous: which I entreat them to grant may be the case." And so saying, he stopped and drank the poison very readily and pleasantly. And thus far the greater part of us were tolerably 12 well able to refrain from weeping;13 but when we saw him drinking, and that he had drunk it, we could no longer restrain our tears. And from me, 10 oportet.

7 With ut.

8 credere.

12 satis.

9 quid est.
13 Lesson 31, 2. d.

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in spite of my efforts, they flowed, and that not drop by drop; so that wrapping myself in my mantle, I bewailed, not indeed for his misfortune, but for my own, considering what a companion I should be deprived of.

XXI. HANNIBAL IN THE APENNINES.

So furious a tempest attacked him1 (while) crossing the Apennines, that it almost surpassed the horrors of the Alps. The rain and wind together2 being3 driven directly against their faces, they first halted, because either they were obliged to drop their arms, or, if they struggled against the storm, they were whirled round by the hurricane, and5 dashed upon the ground:" afterwards, as it took away' their breath, and did not allow them to respire, they sat down for a short time with their backs to the wind. Then, indeed, the sky resounded with the loudest thunder, and lightnings 10 flashed amid the terrific peals: deafened11 and blinded, they all became insensible12 with fear. At last, the rain having spent itself, and the violence of the wind having been redoubled13 upon that account, it was held requisite to pitch their camp on the very spot whereon they had been overtaken by the storm." But this was like11 a fresh commencement of their toils. For they could neither spread their canvas, nor fix their poles :1 nor would any thing that had been fixed remain, the wind tearing every thing to shreds15 and hurrying it away; and soon after, when the water which had been raised

aloft by the gale, had been frozen on the icy summits of the mountains, it' poured down such a torrent' of snowy hail, that the soldiers, throwing every thing away, fell down upon their faces,15 rather smothered16 than covered by their clothes. And such an intensity' of cold succeeded, that, whenever any one endeavored to raise and lift himself up from this miserable prostrate mass1 of men and cattle, he was long unable, because, his sinews stiffening with the cold, he was hardly capable of bending his joints.

XXII. THE GAULS AT ROME.

THE Romans, seeing1 from the citadel the city full of the enemy, some new disaster continually arising on every side, were unable not only to realize it," but even to command3 their senses. Wherever the shouts of the foe, the lamentations of women and children, the crackling of fire, and the crash of falling roofs, called their attention," terrified at every sound,' they turned their thoughts, faces, and eyes, as if stationed by fortune to be spectators of the ruin" of their country, and left to protect no part of their property,' except their own persons: so much more to be pitied than others that have ever been besieged, inasmuch as9 they were at once invested and shut out from their country, beholding all their effects' in the power of their enemies. Nor was the night which succeeded1o a day so miserably spent more tranquil :* day

1 Lesson 22, 2.

2 alius atque alius; so as to present the actual picture more vividly (cf. ¿). 3 constare. 4 Express by the organs of sense (ƒ). 5 avertere.

6 spectaculum (cc).

8 ante.

7 vindex (y).
10 excipere (cf. k).

9 Lesson 28, 2. d.

14

light then followed a restless night: nor was there any moment which was free from the spectacle of some ever12 new disaster. Nevertheless, burdened and overwhelmed by so many evils, they abated13 not their courage, determined, although they had beheld all things levelled by conflagration and ruin, to defend, by their valor, the hill which they occupied, ill-provided and narrow as it was,15 yet the refuge16 of freedom. And at last, as the same things happened every day, they had abstracted their thoughts, as if inured to calamities,' from all sense of their misfortunes; gazing only upon the arms, and the swords in their hands, as the sole remnants of their hopes.

11 cessare (a), to give a more intense personal character than the

12 semper.

ordinary words.
18 flectere.

14 quin (1).

15 The phrase may be omitted (cf. l), or with quamvis.

16 relictus (cc).

XXIII. MURDER OF MARCELLUS.

1. THE day following, as I was purposing1 to set out from Athens, his friend Posthumius came to me about four in the morning, and informed me Marcellus. had been stabbed3 the night before by Magius Cilo, whilst they were sitting" together after supper; that he had received two wounds from a dagger,' one of which was" in his breast, and the other under his ear; but that neither of them, he hoped, was mortal. added, that Magius, after having committed this barbarous action," immediately killed himself; and that Marcellus had despatched him in order to give me this account, and likewise to desire that I would direct my physicians to attend" him. This I instantly did; 3 ferire, pugione icere. 5 Lesson 30, 1. e (l).

1 in animo habere.

2 Lesson 17, e. 4 Lit. "hoped he could live" (cc, i).

He