A History of Engineering in Classical and Medieval Times

Al-Istakhri al-Jazari Al-Muqaddasi Antikythera Mechanism aqueducts Arabic arch Archimedes astrolabe astronomical automata axle Baghdad Banu Mūsà bricks bridge Brill building built Byzantine canals centre century BC channel clepsydra construction Ctesibius described devices diameter discharge drum Egypt Empire engineering Europe example Figure float flow gear-wheel gears Greek Hellenistic Hero of Alexandria hole horizontal hydraulic Ibid Ibn Hawqal Ibn Jubayr important instrument invention Iran Iraq iron irrigation Islam known lantern pinion Leiden London M.J. de Goeje masonry mechanical clock medieval method metres Middle Ages mills modern Muslim noria Norman Smith Philo pipe plate potgarland probably pulley pump qanats reservoir Richard of Wallingford river roads Roman rotation saqiya Sasanid shaft siphon soldered Spain stone structure tank techniques tenth century Tigris timber treatise twelfth century undershot vertical vessel Vitruvius wall water power water supply water-clocks water-raising machines water-wheels weight wheel windmill wooden