Biosensors

absorption achieved acid Acta activity adsorbed ammonia amperometric Anal analyte antibody antigen application assay biorecognition biosensor carbon catalytic cell Chapter Chem chemical chemiluminescent complex concentration conduction band constant covalently dehydrogenase detection device diffusion electroactive species electrochemical electrode surface electrolyte electron transfer employed energy enzyme electrode enzyme kinetics equilibrium example excitation ferrocene fibre film fluorescence gate glucose oxidase halothane hydrogen immobilized immunoassay indicator insulating interactions interface involved ion-selective electrodes ionophore ISFET Karube kinetics labelled layer limit linear luciferase measurement mediator membrane metal molecule monitoring mV/decade NAD+ NADH optical overpotential oxidation oxygen oxygen electrode p-type p-type semiconductor peroxide polarized polymer polypyrrole potential potentiometric probe produced protein range reaction reagent redox redox couple reduced reflection response sample selectivity semiconductor sensitivity sensor showed signal silicon solution substrate target technique thickness transducer valence band voltage wave waveguide wavelength