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in flank. The extremities of the rock were sharp, abrupt, and craggy. In convenient places near the summit towers were raised 60 ft. high, and others on the declivity of the sides rose no less than 120 ft. These works presented a spectacle altogether astonishing. To the distant eye they seemed to be of equal elevation. Within the city there were other fortifications, inclosing the palace of the kings. Above all was seen, conspicuous to view, the tower Antonia, so called by Herod in honour of the triumvir, who had been his friend and benefactor.

"The Temple itself was a strong fortress, in the nature of a citadel. The fortifications were built with consummate skill, surpassing in art as well as labour all the rest of the works. The very porticoes that surrounded it were a strong defence. . . . . Since the reduction of the place by Pompey, experience taught the Jews new modes of fortification, and the corruption and venality that pervaded the whole reign of Claudius favoured all their projects. By bribery they obtained permission to rebuild their walls. The strength of the works plainly shewed that in profound peace they meditated future resistance. . . . They had three armies, and as many generals. The outward walls, forming the widest extent, were defended by Simon; John, otherwise called Bargioras, commanded in the middle precinct; Eleazar kept possession of the Temple "."

"Simon the high priest, the son of Onias, who in his life repaired the house again, and in his days fortified the Temple.

"And by him was built from the foundation the double height, the high fortress of the wall about the Temple.

"In his days the cistern to receive water, being in compass as the sea, was covered with plates of brass, (bronze):

"He took care of the Temple that it should not fall, and fortified the city against besieging:

"How was he honoured in the midst of the people in his coming out of the sanctuary d "

• History of Tacitus, bk. v., c. II and 12.

Ecclesiasticus 1. 1-5.

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p. iii. line 35. Monumentum Ancy. Monumentum Ancyranum.

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p. 7, note p. Signi.

p. 11, line 33. Capital.

p. 12, note z. Carinarium.

p. 13, note a. Muncipium.

p. 14, line 20. Arricia.

p. 19, note 1. pomerium, or pomerio.

p. 22, note s. "Hujusce inquam pomoria summa sacra via ubi pomi veneunt contra aurea imaginem.”

p. 25, line 3. S. Georgio.

p. 27, line 16. infama.

p. 27, note e. Fiesoli.

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Sapientis.

Segni.
Capitol.

Carinarum.

Municipium.

Aricia.

pomario, or pometo.

"Huiusce inquam pomaria summa sacra via ubi poma veneunt contra auream imaginem."

S. Giorgio.

infima.

Fiesole.

Verità.

These were probably the same; two names for one altar.

Fons Juturnæ.

p. 32, note t. Forum Cupedinis Cupi- Forum Cupidinis a cupiditate.

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p. 57, line 28. There are six rather prominent mounds upon it which were called Quirinales, on three of which the temples Salutaris, Mucialis, and Quitiaris were situated, &c.

p. 58, note 1. The Torre dei Conti (or more correctly, the Tor dei Conti), &c. Can this have been the Capitolium Vetus, and the residence of Numa?

Ibid. Capitolum Vetus.

p. 63, line 5. Piazza de Monte Cavallo.

p. 63, line 15. Piazza dei Apostoli. p. 69, line 2. Verita.

p. 69, note y. Favi.

p. 72, note p. inter Esquilinum Colli

num que portam.

p. 73, note u. egredissimi.

Ibid. Esquilinæ porta.

p. 74, note x. in ementiora.

p. 75, line 27. Quatro Santi. p. 80, note t. Catularium.

sub Publicii clivo.

Torre delle Milizie.

The Piazza del Campidoglio was the Area Capitolina of Aulus Gellius; the Forum Montinarium was at the foot of the hill, on the northern side. Querquetulanus.

Santa Croce.

Mons Saturni.

Terentius Varro, in the paragraph here referred to (De Ling. Lat., c. 5. s. 51, edit. Mueller, 1833), probably intended to include the other two colles, the Viminal and Esquiline; if So, the Quirinal Palace, the Barberini Palace, and the great church of S. Maria Maggiore now occupy three of these summits.

The old tufa wall of the time of the Kings, on which the modern tower stands, was part of the second wall of Rome, that enclosed the two bills in one city; but could not be the Capitolium Vetus, because that was in Regio VI., whereas this tower is in Regio IV.

Capitolium Vetus.

Piazza di Monte Cavallo. Piazza de' SS. Apostoli.

Verità.

Fabii.

inter Esquilinam Collinamque portam.

egredimini.

Esquilina porta.

in eminentiora.

Quattro Santi.

Catulariam.

WALLS AND GATES OF ROME.

a

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