ceps et falsī timōris socius fuissēs, acerbissimē dīscidium nostrum tulisse plūrimumque operae, studii, diligentiae, labōris ad 10 conficiendum reditum meum contulisse: itaque hoc tibi vērē 2 affirmō, in maximă laetitia et exoptatissimā grātulātiōne ūnum ad cumulandum gaudium conspectum aut potius complexum mihi tuum dēfuisse; quem semel nactus numquam dīmīserō ac, nisi etiam praetermissōs fructus tuae suavitātis praeteriti tem15 poris omnes exēgerō, profecto hāc restitutiōne fortunae mē ipse non satis dignum iūdicābō. Nōs adhuc, in nostrō statū 3 quod difficillimē recuperărī posse arbitrāti sumus, splendōrem nostrum illum forēnsem et in senātū auctōritātem et apud virōs bonōs gratiam magis, quam optārāmus, cōnsecūtī sumus; in rē 20 autem familiārī, quae quemadmodum frācta, dissipata, direpta sit, non ignōrās, valdē labōrāmus tuarumque non tam facultătum, quas ego nostras esse iudico, quam consiliōrum ad colligendās et constituendas reliquias nostrās indigemus. Nunc, 4 etsī omnia aut scripta esse a tuis arbitror aut etiam nuntiis ac 25 rūmōre perlāta, tamen ea scribam brevi, quae tē putō potissimum ex meis litteris velle cognoscere. Pr. Nōnās Sextilēs Dyrrhachiō sum profectus, ipsō illō diē quō lēx est lāta dē nōbis. Brundisium vēnī Nōnis Sextilibus: ibi mihi Tulliola mea fuit praestō nātāli suo ipso die, qui cāsū īdem nātālis erat et Brun30 disīnae colōniae et tuae vicinae Salūtis; quae res animadversa primis . furoris : when he lost his head and dashed off blindly into exile. et: connects particeps and socius. me ipsum: see on Ep. 2. 22. 11-17. gratulatione: 'exultation,' almost the same thing as laetitia, i.e., the feeling of Cicero himself, not the expression of their feelings toward him by others. unum: 'only' with conspectum. conspectum: 'your face,' 'your (joyous) looks' (cf. aspectus, IV. 6. 14). quem: where is its antecedent? Cf. I. 3. 18. semel nactus = ubi semel nactus ero; principal parts of nactus? numquam dimisero: the exaggeration so common in everyday speech. suavitatis... temporis: for the double gen. cf. Ep. 4. 10, 11. me ipse: comment upon their position. For case of ipse see on I. 8. 2. quod: refers not to splendorem but to the principal clause as a whole. 21, 22. facultatum: 'means,' 'financial resources;' for case see A. 356, note; B. 212, a; H. 458, 2; H.-B. 347, a. So consiliorum. 24, 25. tuis: 'members of your household.' potissimum: 'above all others.' 27-30. sum profectus ... de nobis: for number of verb and of pronoun cf. 1. 3. mihi: dat. of reference (see A. 370, c; B. 188, 1, note; H. 425, 4; H.-B. 362, III). natali die: she was nine ā multitudine summā Brundisīnōrum grātulātiōne celebrāta est. Ante diem vi Idūs Sextīlēs cognōvī, cum Brundisiī essem, litteris Quinti mirifico studio omnium aetatum atque ordinum, incredibili concursū Italiae lēgem comitiis centuriātīs esse per35 lātam. Inde à Brundisinis honestissimis dēcrētīs ōrnātus iter ita fēcī, ut undique ad mē cum grātulātiōne lēgātī convenerint. Ad urbem ita vēnī, ut nēmō ūllīus ōrdinis homō nōmenclātōrī 5 nōtus fuerit, qui mihi obviam nōn vēnerit, praeter eōs inimīcōs, quibus id ipsum, sẽ inimicos esse, non liceret aut dissimulāre 40 aut negare. Cum vēnissem ad portam Capēnam, gradūs templōrum ab infimā plēbe complēti erant, à qua plausu maximō cum esset mihi gratulātiō sīgnificata, similis et frequentia et plausus mē usque ad Capitolium celebrăvit, in forōque et in ipsō Capitōliō mīranda multitūdō fuit. Postrīdiē in senātū, 45 qui fuit diēs Nōnārum Septembr., senātuī grātiās ēgimus. Eō 6 biduō cum esset annōnae summa căritās et homines ad theatrum prīmō, deinde ad senātum concurrissent, impulsū Clōdiī teen. natalis coloniae: 'the anniversary of the planting of the colony at Brundisium,' in 244. et... Salutis: 'and of the building of the temple of Safety in your neighborhood.' The temple of Salus (dedicated in 303) was on the Quirinal hill, near the house of Atticus. quae res: refers, of course, to natalis coloniae only (see on quorum, IV. 8. 23). 31-36 summa: with gratulatione. concursu: 'gathering,' because all voting had to be done at Rome (see Induction p. 55, $41). comitiis centuriatis: see Introduction p. 38, §71; for its description see Introduction p. 53. §§30 31. decretis: official votes of congratulation, iter: a journey that occupied a month, though it could be made in five days (see R. C. §3). legati: 'deputations.' with complimentary resolutions from all over Italy. 37-39. nemo... homo: pleonastic, as nemo itself ne+ homo, nomenclatori. a slave who accompanied his master when electioneering and whispered to meā operā frumenti inopiam esse clāmārent, cum per eōs diēs senātus dē annōnā habērētur et ad eius prōcūrātiōnem sermōne 50 nōn sōlum plēbis, vērum etiam bonōrum Pompeius vocārētur idque ipse cuperet multitūdōque ā mē nōminātim, ut id dēcernerem, postulāret, fēcī et accūrātē sententiam dixi, cum abessent consulārēs, quod tūtō se negarent posse sententiam dicere, praeter Messallam et Āfrānium. Factum est senātūs cōnsul55 tum in meam sententiam, ut cum Pompēiō ageretur, ut eam rem susciperet, lexque ferretur; quo senātūs consultō recitātō continuo cum mōre hōc insulsō et novō plausum in meō nōmine recitandō dedisset, habuī cōntiōnem, quam omnēs magistrātūs praesentēs praeter unum praetorem et duos tribunos pl. de60 dērunt. Postrīdiē senātus frequens et omnēs cōnsulārēs nihil 7 Pompeiō postulanti negārunt; ille lēgātōs quindecim cum postulāret, mē principem nominavit et ad omnia mē alterum sẽ fore dixit. Legem consules conscripserunt, quã Pompeio per quin after,' an anomalous expression for duobus post diebus: lit., 'within that two days.' ad theatrum: where the ludi Romani (Sept. 4-12-cf. Verr. 10. 38) were then being celebrated. impulsu Clodii: 'at the instigation of Clodius,' who wanted to force Cicero into a decided stand for or against giving Pompey charge of the importation of grain. 48-50. mea opera: 'my fault,' lit., 'by my doing;' the crowds that had flocked into Rome to vote for Cicero's recall had naturally caused a rise in prices of provisions, which had previously been high. ad eius procurationem: 'to the direction of it.' bonorum: it is evident that the senate was opposed to investing Pompey with such extensive powers, and these words sound like an apology to Atticus for supporting Pompey against the conservatives after all his coolness toward Cicero. 51-54. decernerem: pregnant (see on IV. 4. 3). feci: 'I did so.' verb facio, as the English 'do,' is used to avoid the repetition of a preceding The verb (here decrevi) of any meaning. accurate: in a set speech.' consulares: 'the other exconsuls,' Cicero himself belonging, of course, to that group. quod: 'on the ground that,' the reason given by the absentees themselves. Messallam: consul in 61, an able and fearless man. Afranium: consul in 60. more ... 55-60. ut ... ageretur: 'that Pompey should be urged,' as if Pompey required urging (see 1. 51). ferretur: co-ordinate with ageretur, not susciperet. recitato: 'read,' i.e., to the people. cum: not the preposition (cf. IV. 7. 28). novo: in this tasteless modern style.' in . . . recitando: 'at the reading of my name,' which would be signed to the resolution (see p. 69, $109). dedisset: sc. plebs. dederunt: 'allowed' (see p. 55, §§42, 43). Cicero as a private citizen could deliver a contio only by permission of a magistrate. senatus frequens: see on III. 3. 18. nihil: object of negarunt. 62-65 me . . . dixit: 'and said that I should be in all things his second self.' quennium omnis potestas rei frūmentāriae tōtō orbe terrarum 65 daretur; alteram Messius, qui omnis pecuniae dat potestatem et adiungit classem et exercitum et maius imperium in provinciis, quam sit eōrum, qui eas obtineant: illa nostra lēx consulāris nunc modesta videtur, haec Messii nōn ferenda. Pompeius illam velle se dicit, familiārēs hanc. 70 Cōnsulārēs duce Favōniō fremunt; nōs tacēmus, et eō magis, quod de domō nostrā nihil adhūc pontificēs respondērunt: qui si sustulerint religiōnem, āream praeclāram habēbimus, superficiem consulēs ex senātūs cōnsultō aestimābunt; sīn aliter, dēmōlientur, suō nōmine locabunt, rem tōtam aestimabunt. 75 Ita sunt rēs nostrae, ut in secundis, fluxae, ut in adversis, bonae. In rē familiārī valdē sumus, ut scis, perturbāti. Praetereā sunt quaedam domestica, quae litteris non committō: Q. fratrem insigni pietāte, virtūte, fidē praeditum sīc amō, ut dēbeō. Tē exspectō et ōrō, ut mātūrēs venīre eōque animō veniās, ut 80 mē tuō cōnsiliō egēre nōn sinās. Alterius vitae quoddam orbe: why is no preposition used? See A. 429, 2; B. 228, 1, b; H. 485, 2; H.-B. 436, a. alteram: sc. legem. Messius: C. Messius, a tribune and tool of Pompey. His proposal would have given Pompey greater power even than in the war against the pirates and would have placed Caesar in Gaul under his orders. dat: 'proposed to give' (cf. decernerem, 1. 51). 69-71. familiares hanc: sc. eum velle dicunt. Favonio: M. Favonius was a determined aristocrat, jealous of Pompey, and a devoted admirer of Cato. He had held at this time no higher rank than quaestor, but his energy made him leader even of the consulares. tacemus, nostra: singular in meaning. de domo nostra: see p. 39, $73. Cicero had asked for damages for the destruction of the building (superficiem, 1. 72), and for the restoration of the site (Ep. 10. 20), upon a part of which Clodius had built and dedicated a temple to Libertas. If the consecration was valid the site could not be restored, though damages would have to be paid for it as well as for the building. The question as to the validity of consecration had been referred to the pontifices (see p. 64, §81). 72, 73. sustulerint religionem: 'annul the consecration.' superficiem ... .. aestimabunt: 'will estimate the (value of the destroyed) building.' sin aliter: 'but if they (the pontifices) decide otherwise the consuls will tear down (the temple erected by Clodius), contract for one in their own names, and estimate the amount of my whole loss.' 74-76. locabunt: see on III. 8. 32. Ita = tales. ut in secundis: 'as compared with prosperity,' etc. re familiari: cf. 11. 19, 20. 77. quaedam domestica: probably an allusion to some disagreement with Terentia; their estrangement began soon after Cicero's return. 80-83. consilio: cf. facultatum, 1. 21, and note difference in case with cognate verbs. Alterius . . . ordimur: 'I am now beginning a new life, so to speak,' initium ōrdimur: iam quidam, qui nōs absentēs dēfendērunt, incipiunt praesentibus occultē īrāsci, apertē invidere; vchementer tē requirimus. 13 (Att. 5. 16) Scr. in itinere ā Synnadā ad Philomelium inter a. d. V et III Īd. Sext. a. 703 (51) CICERO ATTICO SAL. Etsi in ipsō itinere et via discēdēbant publicănōrum tabel- 1 lāriī, et erāmus in cursū, tamen surripiendum aliquid putāvī spatii, nē mē immemorem mandātī tuī putārēs. Itaque subsēdī in ipsā viā, dum haec, quae longiorem dēsīderant ōrā i.e., he had to build up his fortunes anew. quoddam: cf. I. 7. 25. initium ordimur: a common pleonasm. occulte invidere: owing of course to the fact that Cicero had instantly taken sides with Pompey in the matter of the food supply. See on bonorum, 1. 50. vehementer te requirimus: 'I miss you exceedingly.' 13 A Roman governor and his province. INTRODUCTORY NOTE: Written to Atticus, at Rome, from some point on the road from Ephesus (where Cicero had landed) to Tarsus, capital of his province. As we know from IV. 11. 2, Ep. 3. Sal. (see notes), he had yielded his right to a proconsulship in 62 to his colleague Antony. Ten years later, owing to a new law proposed by Pompey which required an interval of five years between a man's consulship and his proconsulship, there was a dearth of new material for provincial governors, and Cicero, much against his will, was obliged to go as proconsul to Cilicia. His term extended just a year from July 31, 51; but his leisurely mode of travel consumed so much time that he was absent from Italy a full eighteen months (May, 51, to November, 50), and from Rome till the beginning of 49. This letter describes some of the conditions that met him as he entered his province. His predecessor had been Appius Claudius Pulcher (brother of the Clodius who had brought about Cicero's exile), who apparently had used his position as a means of personal enrichment-as was the common practice of Roman governors. Cicero's year in Cilicia was a striking exception. 'on 1, 2. in ipso itinere et via: their journey, and actually on the road: iter is abstract here, and via concrete (so in 1. 4). discedebant, eramus: good example of the 'epistolary imperfect,' where we should use the present. publicanorum: see on equitibus, M. L. 2. 5. They sent frequent reports to Rome, and their tabellarii would carry letters for others as a matter of business or accommodation, especially for а public official like Cicero. eramus: 'editorial' plural. in cursu: en route. 4, 5. dum . . . scriberem: 'till F should write'-with a suggestion of pur |