recognoscās. Meministīne me ante diem XII Kalendās No-7 vembris dicere in senātū fore in armīs certō diē, qui diēs futūrus esset ante diem vi Kal. Novembris, C. Mānlium, audaciae 10 satellitem atque administrum tuae? Num mē fefellit, Catilina, non modo rēs tanta, tam atrox tamque incredibilis, vērum, id quod multo magis est admirandum, diēs? Dixi ego idem in senātū caedem tē optumātium contulisse in ante diem v Kalendās Novembris, tum cum multi principēs cīvitātis Rōmā nōn 15 tam sui conservandi quam tuōrum cōnsiliōrum reprimendōrum causă profūgērunt. Num infitiārī potes tē illō ipso die meis praesidiis, meă diligentia circumclusum commovēre tē contrā rem publicam non potuisse, cum tū discessū cēterōrum nostrā tamen, qui remānsissēmus, caede te contentum esse dīcēbās? Quid? 8 20 cum te Praeneste Kalendis ipsis Novembribus occupatūrum nocturnō impetū esse cōnfīderēs, sēnsistīne illam colōniam meō

of a rhetorical nature and in colloquial language. It is probable that it had originally a negative force. ante diem xii Kal. Nov.: The full phrase would naturally be die duodecimo ante Kalendas Novembres (A. 424, g; 631; B. 371, 372; H. 754, 755; H.-B. 664 ff.). What should we expect for the same words in Il. 9 and 13? xii here, vi in 1. 9 and v in l. 13 stand for what kind of numeral? Give each in full.

8. dicere: represents the imperfect indicative in direct discourse (A. 584, a note; H.-B. 593, b). What tense should we expect?

10. fefellit: from fello. Its subjects are res and dies, but the sentence should be recast in English, 'I was not deceived in, etc.'

11. res: Think what 'the thing' meant really is, and translate accordingly, never using the vague 'event,' 'fact,' etc., where definiteness is possible.

12. idem: nom. (A. 298, b; B. 248 1; H. 508, 3: H.-B. 270, a).

13. in ante diem: the prep. in governs the date-phrase as if the latter were one word.

14. tum cum: 'at the time when.' 15. sui conservandi: see A. 504, c; B. 339, 5; H. 626, 3; H.-B. 614. Gender, number and case of sui? Is conservandi gerund or gerundive? How determined? The sentence is bitterly ironical, a withering rebuke to the cowardice of the senate.

18, 19. nostra... qui: The possessive pronoun nostra (agreeing with caede) is equivalent to nostri, the gen. pl. of ego, and from this gen. pl. as its true antecedent qui takes its gender and number (A. 302, a; B. 243, 2 and 251 2; H. 501, 2). Quid: This little anticipatory question draws attention to what follows; its full meaning is 'What do you think of what I am going to say?'

20. Praeneste: A town twenty miles southeast of Rome, in the Hernican mountains. It had been the last stronghold of the younger Marius in 82, and on its capitulation Sulla had put most of its citizens to death. He subsequently established one of his colonies on its site, and Catiline hoped to use it as a fortified post.

iussu meīs praesidiis, custōdiīs, vigiliis esse mūnītam? Nihil agis, nihil mōliris, nihil cōgitās, quod non ego non modo audiam, sed etiam videam plānēque sentiam.

4. Recognosce tandem mēcum noctem illam superiōrem; iam intelleges multō mē vigilāre acrius ad salutem quam të ad perniciem reī publicae. Dīcō te priōre nocte venisse inter falcāriōs (nōn agam obscūrē) in M. Laecae domum; convēnisse 5 eōdem complūrēs eiusdem amentiae scelerisque socios. Num negāre audēs? quid taces? Convincam, sī negās. Videō enim esse hic in senātu quosdam, qui tēcum ūnā fuerunt. O di 9 inmortālēs! ubinam gentium sumus? in qua urbe vivimus? quam rem publicam habēmus? Hic, hic sunt in nostrō numerō, 10 patrēs cōnscrīptī, in hōc orbis terrae sanctissimō gravissimōque consiliō, qui de nostro omnium interitu, qui de huius urbis atque adeō de orbis terrarum exitio cogitent! Hōs ego videō cōnsul et dē rē pūblică sententiam rogō et, quos ferro trucīdārī

...

Linden.' non agam obscure: anticipates the more precise statement which follows. in M. Laecae domum: When accompanied by a possessive pronoun or a genitive domum (whither) may or may not have a preposition. 7, 8. esse quosdam: '(the fact that) there are some in the senate.' video quosdam without esse would mean 'I see some men in the senate' (cf. ducem videmus molientem, 2. 19-21). di immortales: 'ye gods!' How does this exclamation differ from o tempora, o mores, 1. 10? ubinam gentium: 'where in the world?' Case of gentium (A. 346, 4; B. 201, 3; H. 443; H.-B. 346).

...

...

11. nostro omnium: The adjective agrees with the gen. pl. of the personal pronoun implied in the possessive nostro; see 3. 18, and cf. A. 302, e; B. 243, 3, a; H. 446, 3; H.-B. 339, b. atque adeo: see on 2. 19.

13. sententiam rogo: As presiding officer the consul would call upon the senators in order for their vote on questions before the body, and those in

oportebat, eōs nondum voce volnerō! Fuisti igitur apud 15 Laecam illā nocte, Catilina, distribuisti partēs Italiae, statuistī, quò quemque proficiscī placeret, dēlēgistī, quōs Rōmae relinquerēs, quōs tēcum ēdūcerēs, discrīpsistī urbis partēs ad incendia, confirmāstī tē ipsum iam esse exitūrum, dīxisti paulum tibi esse etiam nunc morae, quod ego viverem. Reperti 20 sunt duo equitēs Rōmānī, quī tē istā cūrā līberārent et sēsē illā ipsā nocte paulo ante lucem mē in meō lectulō interfectūrōs pollicerentur. Haec ego omnia vixdum etiam coetu vestrō 10 dimissō comperi; domum meam maiōribus praesidiis mūnīvī atque firmāvī, exclūsi eōs, quōs tū ad mē salūtātum māne 25 mīserās, cum illī ipsī vēnissent, quos ego iam multis ac summis virīs ad mē id temporis ventūrōs esse praedixeram.

14. fuisti: placed first, in emphatic repetition of the statement in 11. 3 ff. igitur: 'well then.' In this its socalled 'resumptive' use igitur is often employed to pick up the broken thread of a sentence or train of thought. Here it recalls attention to the unanswered challenge num audes, 1. 6, the thought having been interrupted by the digression on the senators.

16. quo: interrogative adverb. Give its correlatives (A. 152; B. 140; H.-B. 144). placeret: sc. tibi-'You decided to what point it pleased you each should set out.'

18. iam: best rendered 'soon' with a future verb.

19. morae: 20. equites: The two men were C. Cornelius and L. Vargunteius. The latter is called a senator by Sallust (Cat. 28), but it is supposed that he had lost his seat by some judicial proceedings, and so ranked as eques.

partitive with paulum.

21-23. lucem: 'daybreak.' lectulo: For the termination see A. 243; B.

148, 1; H. 340, 1; H.-B. 207, 1. interfecturos pollicerentur: 'promised to kill.' For the future inf. with subj. acc. where the English idiom has a present complementary see A. 580, c; B. 331, I; H. 619, 1; H.-B. 593, a. Could the English idiom have been used? vixdum dimisso:

'when your meeting had barely adjourned.'

24, 25. ad me: depends on miseras. salutatum: 'to pay their respects;' a supine (A. 509; B. 340, 1; H. 633; H.-B. 618). It was the custom at Rome for prominent men to hold levees in the early morning (ante lucem, 1. 21). Hence the coming of the assassins at that time would excite no suspicion. illi ipsi:

the two assassins.

26. id temporis: 'at that hour' (A. 346, 3; 397, a; B. 185, 2; H. 416, 2; H.-B. 388, b). For case of id cf. nihil, 1. 3; for that of temporis cf. gentium, 1. 8; the phrase = eo tempore.

Explain the case of multo (2), sententiam (13), Romae (16), tibi (19), cura (20), coetu (22); mood of cogitent (12), placeret (16), viverem (19), pollicerentur (22), venturos esse (26). What part of speech is eodem (5), una (7)?

5. Quae cum ita sint, Catilina, perge, quo coepisti, egredere aliquando ex urbe; patent portae; proficiscere. Nimium diu tē imperātōrem tua illa Manliāna castra desiderant. Educ tēcum etiam omnēs tuōs, si minus, quam plūrimōs; pūrgā 5 urbem. Magnō mē metū liberābis, dum modo inter me atque tē mūrus intersit. Nōbiscum versārī iam diūtius non potes; nōn feram, non patiar, non sinam. Magna dis inmortalibus 11 habenda est atque huic ipsi Iovi Statōrī, antiquissimō custōdi huius urbis, gratia, quod hanc tam taetram, tam horribilem 10 tamque infestam reī pūblicae pestem totiēns iam effūgimus. Nōn est saepius in ūnō homine summa salūs perīclitanda reī publicae. Quamdiu mihi cōnsulī dēsīgnātō, Catilīna, insidiātus

atque... Iovi: (not dat. of agent), 'to (all) the gods, but especially to, etc.'

8. huic: Why is the demonstrative of the first person used? See on 1. 4. Statori: '(flight) stayer.' Tradition said that a temple was dedicated to Jupiter under this name by Romulus for having stopped the flight of the Romans during the decisive battle in the war with the Sabines. Hence antiquissimo custodi. Decline Iovi Statori (A. 79 and b; B. 41; H. 107, 3; H.-B. 92).

9. hanc tam taetram: The tam is not to be translated. When a demonstrative and a positive adjective of quality modify a noun the Latin idiom inserts a tam; so hic tantus (=tam magnus) vir, haec toi (=tam multa) pericula, etc.

11. uno homine: 'in the person of one man'-often taken as referring to Catiline, but better to Cicero, as shown in ll. 18, 19 below. summa salus rei publicae: 'the best interests of the nation,' a very common phrase for which summa res publica is often used with no difference in meaning.

12. consuli designato: A man was consul designatus, 'consul elect,' from his election in July to his inauguration, Jan. 1st; consul during his year of office, and consularis, 'ex-consul,' during the

es, nōn publicō mē praesidio, sed prīvātā diligentiā dēfendi. Cum proximis comitiis consulāribus mē cōnsulem in campo et 15 competitōrēs tuos interficere voluisti, compressi cōnātūs tuōs nefāriōs amīcōrum praesidiō et cōpiīs nūllō tumultū pūblicē concitātō; denique, quotiēnscumque mē petīstī, per mē tibi obstiti, quamquam vidēbam perniciem meam cum magnā calamitate rei publicae esse coniunctam. Nunc iam apertē 12 20 rem publicam universam petis, templa deōrum inmortalium, tēcta urbis, vītam omnium civium, Italiam tōtam ad exitium et vāstitātem vocās. Quārē, quoniam id, quod est primum, et quod huius imperii disciplinaeque maiōrum proprium est, facere nōndum audeō, faciam id, quod est ad sevēritātem lēnius 25 et ad commūnem salūtem utilius. Nam sī tē interficī iusserō, residēbit in rē pūblică reliqua coniūrātōrum manus; sin tū, quod tē iam dūdum hortor, exieris, exhauriētur ex urbe tuōrum comitum magna et perniciōsa sentīna reī pūblicae. Quid est, 13

rest of his life: when was Cicero consul designatus?

14. proximis comitiis: 'at the last election.' Who presided at this election? Who were the successful competitores? In what comitia were the consuls elected? See Abbott, R. P. I. 27, 301, and Chronological Table for the year 62. campo: sc. Martio.

16. nullo tumultu publice concitato: abl. abs.-'without an official summons to arms.' Publice should never be translated by 'publicly.'

17. per me: 'by personal means,' not public or official.

18. quamquam . . . coniunctam: "though I saw all the time (force of tense) that my destruction was linked inseparably with disaster to the state (see note on uno homine, 1. 11).

22, 23. est primum: The English idiom would suggest the subjunctive, meaning 'would be,' but in certain short phrases with adjectives the indicative is always used in Latin (A. 437, a; B. 271, 1, b); H. 525, b; H.-B. 582, b). primum: may mean 'first to suggest itself,' and

so 'most obvious,' or 'foremost in importance.' imperii: case? (A. 385, c; B. 204, 2; H. 435, 4; H.-B. 339, c); the word refers to the special powers conferred by the consultum ultimum (see on 1. 26).

24. ad severitatem: 'if you look at severity.' There is no point to the phrase in itself, but it is inserted to balance ad communem salutem which, is necessary to define utilius.

27. iam dudum: moves a present back in time to a perfect, and an imperfect to a pluperf. So also iam diu, iam pridem (A. 466; B. 259, 4; H. 533, 1; H.-B. 485). exhaurietur: 'there will be drained off' as through a sewer-a metaphor appropriate to the literal meaning of the subject sentina, here applied contemptuously to Catiline and his followers.

28. sentina rei publicae: 'dregs of the state,' forms a single expression upon which depends the explanatory genitive tuorum comitum, 'consisting of your companions.' Notice that the word comitum denotes the same objects as