1 THE PALATINE HILL AS SEEN FROM THE FORUM 5. bonorum: i.e. good citizens. They had probably assembled outside the Temple of Jupiter Stator, in which the Senate had met for safety (hic . . . locus, 1. 6). The Senate house was the Curia Hostilia (Introd. 43), but a session might be held in any temple for special reasons. 6. horum: i.e. the senators. 7. moverunt: alarmed, disturbed. Patere: note the order of words; 233, a. non used for nonne. 8. Constrictam . . . teneri: is held in check, as might be said of a wild beast. 9. proxima (nocte): Nov. 7. superiore: Nov. 6; see Introd. Note, p. 184. 10. egeris, fueris, etc. subjunctives in indirect questions, depending on ignorare; 202.1 quid consili: what plan; consili: gen. of the whole; 103.2 II. quem arbitraris: what man of us do you think is not aware? nostrum: for the form of this gen., see 162, b.1 12. tempora: acc. of exclamation; 130.2 haec: the conspiracy. consul: Cicero. 13. hic: Catiline. 14. fit . . . particeps: takes part in the public deliberations. consili: case, 104.3 15. oculis: i.e., as he glances about; abl. of means. 16. fortes: ironical. satis facere videmur (sc. nobis): we think we are doing our duty (lit., seem to ourselves, etc.). 17. istius: of that scoundrel. vitemus: subjunctive in indir. disc., depending on videmur (we think). PAGE 1 18. te duci oportebat: you ought to have been led. For the 2 pres. inf. translated as if perf., see 209, b.4 iussu consulis: the Senate had given the consuls special authority by its decree of Oct. 21. See Introductory Note, p. 182. 19. conferri : note on 1. 18. W. oportebat, ought to have been fought. See 20. An: this particle ordinarily connects the members of a double question, with the meaning or. Here, as in early Latin, it is used somewhat like -ne, or nonne, but putting strong emphasis on the preceding statement; 89, b.5 Trans. did not a most honorable man kill. .; (and) shall we endure (perferemus, 1. 24). . .? . 21. Scipio, Gracchum: Tiberius Gracchus, a tribune of the people in 133 B.C., had aroused the opposition of the wealthy by reviving the law limiting the amount of land to be held by an individual. Though he was a patriot and reformer, he was not always legal in his methods. He was put to death by a mob of his opponents led by P. Scipio Nasica. The latter is called a private citizen (privatus, 1. 22) because the high priest was not classed as a magistrate. 24. Nam . . . quod: for I pass over that precedent as too PAGE 2 ancient, that. The plural illa may imply other similar precedents in the mind of the speaker. 25. Maelium: M. Maelius, a rich plebeian, in the famine of 439 B.C. obtained grain for the sufferers. Charged by the patricians with seeking favor in order to make himself king, he was summoned before the dictator Cincinnatus, but refusing to obey the summons was slain by Ahala, the master of horse. 26. Fuit, fuit: the figure of anaphora; 235. ista: such. 29. senatus consultum: the decree of Oct. 21. in te: against you. 30. rei publicae: dat. w. deest; trans. the republic does not lack. huius ordinis: i.e. the Senate. CHAPTER 2 32. Decrevit : 66 A Roman citizen had the right to appeal to the people in a case of life or death, but the Senate found means of suspending this right, when it wished to get rid of an enemy, by establishing a special commission or by passing a senatus consultum ultimum.” — Abbott. quondam: in 121 B.C. videret, ne... . . caperet, object clauses; 205, a.1 ut .. 34. intercessit: between the passing of the decree and the execution. 35. C. Gracchus: a more able statesman than his brother Tiberius (1. 21). As tribune in 123 and 122 B.C., he accomplished many reforms in the interest of the people. His influence, however, was undermined by the Senate, whose supremacy he had attacked. Defeated for the tribuneship of 121, he met the fate of his brother in the insurrection which followed. patre, etc. abl. of description. The father of Gracchus had been censor, twice consul, and twice honored with a triumph. His mother Cornelia, famed for her "jewels," was the daughter of Cornelius Scipio (avo), the conqueror of Hannibal. 36. Note the emphatic position of occisus est, and of decrevit, interfectus est above; 233, a. Fulvius it is said that three thousand of the followers of Gracchus perished after him. 37. Mario, Valerio: datives. Marius, the conqueror of the Cimbri and Teutones, was consul for the sixth time in 100 B.C. PAGE 2 As leader of the democracy, he was to some extent in sympathy with Saturninus and Servilius (1. 39), but because of their unscrupulous action, ending in the murder of their rival Memmius, he was compelled to carry out the Senate's decree against them. CAIUS MARIUS 47. patres conscripti: conscript fathers, a phrase used in addressing the senators in a body. The expression was probably patres et conscripti at first, patres referring to the original senators, who were patricians, conscripti to the plebeians who were enrolled and admitted later. (Introd. 28.) 49. inertiae: for the case, see 105.2 50. Etruria faucibus: t Faesulae (modern Fiesole), about three miles from Florence. "It is a position of great natural strength, commanding a wide view of the valley of the Arno 3 PAGE 3 and the Tuscan plain. To the northwest lie the passes (fauces) 55. comprehendi: w. iussero. Trans. iussero as if pres. Latin is more exact than English in its use of tenses, and therefore uses the fut. perf. here. 56. credo . . . dicat: the sentence is ironical. Cicero means that he fears the charge of slowness rather than of severity in his treatment of the conspirators. Trans. I shall have to fear, I suppose, that all good citizens will not say my action was too tardy, rather than that any one should say it was too severe. non: modifies dicant (to be supplied w. omnes boni), but not dicat. 59. certa de causa: for a definite reason, stated in the next sentence. ut faciam: to do. 61. tui: for the gen. w. similis, see 119, a.1 qui . . . fateatur : 62. qui ... audeat: a clause of description; 192.3 65. sentientem: though you do not perceive; 223.4 67. quod CHAPTER 3 exspectes: a descriptive clause; 192.5 69. domus: the house of Laeca; see 1. 98. parietibus: paries, wall of a house; moenia, walls of a city; murus, the general word for wall. 70. omnia: nom.; note the position. 71. caedis: for the case, see 108.6 4 72. luce note the position; 233, a. 73. licet recognoscas: you may recall (lit., it is permitted that you recall). The subjunctive verb here has a substantive force, subject of licet; 205, d, note." ante ... Nov.: = Oct. 21; see 248.8 |