Plastics Additives: An A-Z referenceSpringer Science & Business Media, 30 nov 1997 - 633 pagine Although plastics are extremely successful commercially, they would never reach acceptable performance standards either in properties or processing without the incorporation of additives. With the inclusion of additives, plastics can be used in a variety of areas competing directly with other materials, but there are still many challenges to overcome. Some additives are severely restricted by legislation, others interfere with each other-in short their effectiveness varies with circumstances. Plastics Additives explains these issues in an alphabetical format making them easily accessible to readers, enabling them to find specific information on a specific topic. Each additive is the subject of one or more articles, providing a suffinct account of each given topic. An international group of experts in additive and polymer science, from many world class companies and institutes, explain the recent rapid changes in additive technology. They cover novel additives (scorch inhibitors, compatibilizers, surface-modified particulates etc.), the established varieties (antioxidants, biocides, antistatic agents, nucleating agents, fillers, fibres, impact modifiers, plasticizers) and many others, the articles also consider environmental concerns, interactions between additives and legislative change. With a quick reference guide and introductory articles that provide the non-specialist and newcomer with relevant information, this reference book is essential reading for anyone concerned with plastics and additives. |
Sommario
Quick reference guide | 11 |
Viscosity modifiers see Diluents and viscosity modifiers | 12 |
Analytical methods for additives in plastics | 26 |
monitoring what happens | 32 |
Acid scavengers for polyolefins | 43 |
Antiblocking of polymer films | 49 |
an overview | 55 |
hindered phenols | 73 |
iron compounds their effect on fire | 307 |
polyvinyl alcohol and silicon compounds | 315 |
synergisms involving halogens | 327 |
tin compounds | 339 |
applications in plastics | 353 |
recent developments | 360 |
Hollow microspheres | 372 |
2 Modifiers for engineering thermoplastics | 386 |
their analysis in plastics | 80 |
Antioxidants for polyethylene terephthalate | 95 |
Antistatic agents | 108 |
Azobisisobutyronitrile see Blowing agents | 115 |
some kinetic aspects | 121 |
Biodegradation promoters for plastics | 135 |
Blowing agents | 142 |
Calcium carbonate | 148 |
an overview | 152 |
Chlorofluorocarbons see Blowing agents | 162 |
an overview | 169 |
1 Flakes and fibres | 170 |
2 Conducting polymer additives | 180 |
Coupling agents | 189 |
Curing agents | 197 |
Diluents and viscosity modifiers for epoxy resins | 211 |
Dyes for the mass coloration of plastics | 217 |
Ester lubricants see Lubricating systems for rigid | 226 |
Fillers | 241 |
1 Mechanisms | 242 |
their effect on the failure modes of plastics | 252 |
the approaches available | 260 |
borates | 268 |
halogenfree systems | 277 |
Photochromic compounds see Dyes for the mass coloration | 278 |
inorganic oxide and hydroxide systems | 287 |
intumescent systems | 297 |
3 Their incorporation in epoxy resins | 398 |
4 Organic toughening agents for epoxy resins | 406 |
5 Modifiers for unsaturated polyester | 416 |
Kaolin see Fillers | 427 |
Liquid rubber toughening agents see Impact modifiers | 442 |
Lubricating systems for rigid PVC | 450 |
Metallic soaps see Lubricating systems for rigid | 459 |
Optical brighteners | 472 |
Photostabilizers see Light and UV stabilization of polymers | 481 |
Piperidine compounds see Light and UV stabilization of polymers | 493 |
health aspects | 505 |
Polyethylene fibres see Reinforcing fibres | 513 |
fluoropolymers to improve the conversion | 519 |
Processing aids for vinyl foam | 526 |
additives and their effect on properties | 535 |
Reinforcing fibres | 544 |
Release agents | 559 |
Scorch inhibitors for flexible polyurethanes | 567 |
Smoke suppressants | 576 |
Surfacemodified rubber particles for polyurethanes | 584 |
Surface treatments for particulate fillers in plastics | 590 |
applications in plastics | 604 |
the principles | 613 |
Titanates see Surface treatments for particulate fillers in plastics | 619 |
625 | |
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1998 by Chapman A-Z Reference Edited acid adhesion amine antimony antimony trioxide antioxidants antistatic agents applications biocides biodegradation blends blowing agent borate carbon black Chapman & Hall char chemical coating colour commercial compatibilizers composites compounds copolymers coupling agents crosslinking cure degradation density dispersion Edited by G effective epoxy resins ester extruder fibres Figure filler film fire retardant flame retardants foam formulations fracture glass fibers halogen HALS heat hydroperoxides hydroxide increase inorganic intumescent light stabilizers liquid lubricants magnesium hydroxide materials mechanical properties melamine melt metal molecular weight nylon oxide Oxygen Index phase phosphate pigments Plastics Additives polyamides polyethylene polymeric polyolefins polypropylene polyurethane Pritchard Published processing Published in 1998 radicals reaction reactive reduce rubber particles shear silane smoke suppressants Solvent stress structure styrene surface surfactant synergists Table temperature tensile strength thermal thermoplastics thermosetting toughening typical vinyl viscosity volatile zinc zinc borate