Proceedings of the ASME Heat Transfer Division, Volume 4

2003 ASME International aluminum analysis ASME International ASME International Mechanical average axial boundary conditions calculated computational constant convection heat convection heat transfer cooler cooling correlation decreases density diameter dimensionless Duct effect efficiency enclosure energy equation experiments fiber fictive temperature Figure finite element function growth heat exchanger heat flux heat pipe heat source heat transfer coefficient heaters increases induction heating inlet insulation interface International Mechanical Engineering keyhole laser beam laser welding liquid mass flow rate material measured Mechanical Engineering Mechanical Engineering Congress melt metal natural convection Nusselt number parameters particle phase plate polymer predicted pressure pulsation radiation ratio refrigerator region Reynolds number rotating sensor tube shown in Fig simulation solder solidification solution stress surface temperature difference temperature distribution temperature gradient temperature profiles thermal conductivity thermoacoustic refrigerator thermocouples thermodynamic temperature thickness transient values velocity wall layers weld pool