SATIRE X. MEN pray for eloquence, strength, wealth, and these become the occasion of their ruin: well might Heraclitus and Democritus in this vanity of human wishes find matter, the one for tears, the other for laughter (1-55). The exaltation of the ambitious is but the prelude to their fall; witness Sejanus, Crassus, Pompey, Cæsar (56-113). The envied eloquence of Demosthenes and Cicero was fatal to its possessors (114-132). How transient is military glory, and how vain military force, is seen from the reverses of Hannibal and Xerxes: Alexander, for whom the world had been too small, was at last confined within a narrow urn (133—187). Long life only brings pain and sorrow: Peleus and Nestor, had they died sooner, would not have wept the deaths of Achilles and Antilochus; Priam, Hecuba, Mithridates, Croesus, Pompey, might have been envied, had they not lived to see the turn of their fortunes (188-288). Nor is the gift of beauty less fatal, as the end of Silius proves (289-345). The wise man then will pray the gods to send him such fortune as they know to be best for him, and to grant him resignation to bear the worst that may befal (346-366). Cf. Plat. Alc. ii., Lucian, Navig., id. Icarom. 25, Max. Tyr. Diss. 11 (al. 30), Euseb. ap. Stob. Flor. i. 85, Pers. Sat. ii., Sen. Ep. 10 §§ 4, 5, 32 § 4, 60 § 1, Jacobs, Verm. Schr. vii. p. 245 sq. OMNIBUS in terris, quæ sunt a Gadibus usque [1-55. What we ask from the gods is the means of our ruin; the eloquent man and the strong fall by their eloquence and strength (1-11): above all, the rich man is by his riches exposed to false accusation (15-18), to robbery (19-22), and to poison (25-27). Democritus and Heraclitus, were they now alive, would find much to deride and much to deplore in the vanity and the misery of man. What is more ludicrous than the sight of the prætor in his stately car, who needs a slave to remind him that he is a man? or of his assiduous clients, whose devotion is kept alive by the daily dole? (28-55).] 1. Gad.] Tádeipa (Cadiz) stood on a small island separated from the mainland by a narrow channel. It Auroram et Gangen, pauci dinoscere possunt was colonized by the Phoenicians, 2. Aur.] Eurus ad Auroram Nabatæaque regna recessit, Ov. Met. i. 61. Gan.] Lucan, iii. 229 sq. din.] Veri speciem dinoscere calles Nequa subærato mendosum tinniat auro, Pers. v. 105: Res fallunt: illas discerne. Pro bonis mala amplectimur... Adulatio quam similis est amicitiæ! Doce quemadmodum hanc similitudinem dinoscere possim : venit ad me pro amico blandus inimicus vitia nobis sub virtutum nomine obrepunt, Sen. Ep. 45 § 5, 6: Obbar ad Hor. Ep. i. 10. 29. 4. neb.] Δοκεῖ μοι, ὥσπερ τῷ Διο μήδει φησὶ τὴν ̓Αθηνᾶν Ομηρος ἀπὸ τῶν ὀφθαλμῶν ἀφελεῖν τὴν ἀχλύν, ἔφρ ̓ εὖ γιγνώσκοι ἠμὲν θεὸν ἠδὲ καὶ ἄνδρα, οὕτω καί σοι δεῖν ἀπὸ τῆς ψυχῆς πρῶτ τον τὴν ἀχλὺν ἀφελόντα, ἡ νῦν παροῦσα τυγχάνει, τὸ τηνικαῦτ ̓ ἤδη προσφέρειν δι' ὧν μέλλεις γνώσεσθαι ἠμὲν κακὸν ἠδὲ καὶ ἐσθλόν, Plat. Alc. ii. p. 150 D, E: Densissimis tenebris involuta mortalium mens, in quam late patentes errores cæcas precationes spargis ! Divitias appetis, rat.] quæ multis exitio fuerunt: honores concupiscis, qui complures pessumdederunt regna tecum ipsa volvis, quorum exitus sæpenumero miserabiles cernuntur : splendidis conjugiis injicis manus, at hæc, ut aliquando illustrant, ita nonnunquam funditus domos evertunt. Desine igitur stulta futuris malorum tuorum causis quasi felicissimis rebus inhiare, teque totam cœlestium arbitrio permitte, Val. Max. vii. 2 ext. § 1. Edificare te scribis. Bene est inveni patrocinium. Edifico enim jam ratione quia tecum, Plin. Ep. ix. 7 § 1. Cicero frequently uses ratione et ordine, ratione et via, modo et ratione, &c. Zumpt § 472 n. 1, Madv. § 257. 2. In general cum is prefixed to the abl. modi when unaccompanied by an adj. or pron.; the exceptions are only a few substantives in certain connexions, more, jure, dolo, &c. tim. cup.] Hor. Ep. i. 6. 9, 10 Obbar: debemus itaque exerceri, ne hæc [mortem, dolorem, &c.] timeamus, ne illa [divitias, voluptates, &c.] cupiamus, Sen. Ep. 123 § 13: Ego, inquis, volo discere quomodo minus cupiam, minus timeam. . . non desistam persequi nequitiam, et affectus efferatissimos inhibere, et voluptates ituras in dolorem compescere, et votis obstrepere. Quidni? quum maxima malorum optaverimus, et ex gratulatione natum sit quidquid obloquimur, ib. 121 § 3 sq. 5 Aut cupimus? Quid tam dextro pede concipis, ut te Conatus non pœniteat, votique peracti? Evertere domos totas optantibus ipsis Di faciles; nocitura toga, nocitura petuntur Et sua mortifera est facundia, viribus ille 10 5. dext.] His repleti voluptatibus, quum conaremur in triclinium intrare, exclamavit unus ex pueris, qui super hoc officium erat positus : "Dextro pede," Petron. 30: feliciter et pede dextro, Prud. c. Symm. ii. 79: Namphanio quid aliud significat, quam boni pedis hominem, id est cujus adventus afferat aliquid felicitatis; sicut solemus dicere, secundo pede introisse, cujus introitum prosperitas aliqua consecuta sit? Augustin. Ep. 17 (al. 44) § 2: sed, ut fieri assolet, sinistro pede profectum me spes compendii fefellit, Apul. Met. i, p. 27 Oud. : Vitruv. iii. 3 (the number of steps to a temple should be odd; namque, quum dextro pede primus gradus ascenditur, idem in summo templo primus erit ponendus). Hence the gods were entreated to come secundo pede (= omine prospero, Serv. ad Æn. viii. 302), Virg. Æn. x. 254. Cf. Prop. iii. 1. 6, Ov. Fast. i. 514, Ibis, 101, Heroid. xxi. 69, 70, Sil. vii. 172, Jambl. Vit. Pyth. § 156. conc.] Plan, undertake. 6. per.] Gained. 7. Quæ mala sunt quasi prospera concupiscimus, contra quæ bona sunt pro adversis aversamur, Fronto, De nepot. amiss. § 10: Sen. De Beni i. 14: Quid huic optes nisi deos faciles? .. Optat ultima malorum : et quæ pati gravissimum est, extendi ac sustineri cupit, id. Ep. 101 § 13: λελήθαμεν ἡμᾶς αὐτοὺς διὰ ταύτην [ἄγνοιαν] καὶ πράττοντες καὶ τό γ ̓ ἔσχατον εὐχόμενοι ἡμῖν αὐτοῖς τὰ κά κιστα. ὅπερ οὖν οὐδεὶς ἂν οἰηθείη, ἀλλὰ τοῦτό γε πᾶς ἂν οἴοιτο ἱκανὸς εἶναι, αὐτὸς αὑτῷ τὰ βέλτιστα εὔξασθαι ἀλλ ̓ οὐ τὰ κάκιστα τοῦτο μὲν γὰρ ὡς ἀληθῶς καταρᾷ τινὶ ἀλλ ̓ οὐκ εὐχῇ oμolov av ein, Plat. Alc. ii. p. 143 B: infr. 111, 346 sq. dom.] e. g. that of Theseus, Eurip. Hippol. 44 sq. 8. tog.] viii. 240 n. Pacis est insigne et otii toga, Cic. in Pison. § 73: Plin. Pan. 56 § 7. 9. torr.] Infr. 128 n., Auson. Prof. i. 17. 10, 11. sua] They bring ruin on themselves. mort.] Infr. 114 sq. ille] The Pythagorean "Milo Crotoniates, qui quum arbores manibus scinderet, brachia ejus occupata sunt, et a lupis consumptus est," Schol. There were different accounts of his death. "It is said that when a pillar of the house in which he was gave way, he supported the roof, till all the rest who were present had got clear away : τῇ δὲ αὐτῇ ῥωμῇ πεποιθύτα εἰκὸς καὶ τὴν ἱστορουμένην ὑπό τινων εὑρέσθαι καταστροφήν,” Strab. vi. p. 263. lacert.] Quum jam senex esset [Milo], athletasque se in curriculo exercentes videret, adspexisse lacertos suos dicitur, illacrimansque dix Sed plures nimia congesta pecunia cura Strangulat et cuncta exsuperans patrimonia census, isse: "At hi quidem jam mortui 12 sq. Μίδας ὀδύρεται τὸν πλοῦτον καὶ ποιεῖται παλινῳδίαν τῆς εὐχῆς, Max. Tyr. 11 (al. 30) § 1: Xpvσè πάτερ κολάκων, ὀδύνης καὶ φροντίδος υἱέ, καὶ τὸ ἔχειν σε φόβος, καὶ μὴ exew o'ódúvn, Pallad. Alex. Epig. 110 (Brunck, Anal. ii. p. 429) : infr. xiv. 265 sq., 305 sq., Prop. iii. 7, Sen. De Ir. iii. 32 § 3, Lucian, Saturnal. 26. 14. Quanto] Not preceded by tanto. Liv. xxi. 53, Tac. Ann. iii. 43, ib. i. 74 (quanto incautius, patiens): Χαλεπώτεροι ἔσονται, ὅσῳ νεTepoí eio, Plat. Apol. 39 D: cf. 30 A, supr. iii. 224. bal.] (páraiva, our whale) the largest (in the Indian sea) extended over 4 jugera, Plin. H. N. ix. 2. Other exaggerated accounts of its size may be seen in Bochart, Hieroz. ii. 5. 12. : 16. C. Cassius Longinus, a famous jurist (Cassiana schola, Plin. Ep. vii. 24 § 8 Tac. Ann. xii. 12, Suet. Ner. 37) was governor of Syria A.d. 50. Afterwards he lived much respected at Rome (Tac. Ann. xiii. 41, 48, xiv. 43 sq., xv. 52). A.D. 66 Nero accused him, nominally, "Quod inter imagines majorum etiam C. Cassii effigiem coluisset, ita inscriptam: DUX PARTIUM:" really from jealousy (Tac. 15 Ann. xvi. 7, Suet. 1. 1.). Cassius was banished to Sardinia, being then old (Tac. c. 9) and blind (Suet. 1. 1.). Vespasian recalled him, Dig. i. 2. 2 § 47. Sen.] "Qua sapientia, quibus philosophorum præceptis, intra quadriennium regiæ amicitiæ, ter millies sestertium [cf. Dio, lxi. 10] paravisset? Romæ testamenta et orbos velut indagine ejus capi. Italiam et provincias [Dio, lxii. 2] immenso fenore hauriri," is the complaint of Suilius against Seneca, Tac. Ann. xiii. 42: again, A. D. 62, "variis criminationibus Senecam adoriuntur tanquam ingentes et privatum supra modum evectas opes adhuc augeret, quodque studia civium in se verteret, hortorum quoque amœnitate et villarum magnificentia quasi principem supergrederetur," ib. xiv. 52: "Tu gratiam immensam, innumeram pecuniam circumdedisti... Ubi est animus ille modicis contentus? Tales hortos exstruit, et per hæc suburbana incedit, et tantis agrorum spatiis, tam lato fenore exuberat," Seneca himself says, c. 53: in c. 54 he begs to be relieved from the burden; Nero with treacherous caresses and expressions of gratitude (c. 55, 56) rejects the offer; but thenceforth Seneca withdrew from the public eye. Already, A. D. 63, he had been suspected of guilty correspondence with Piso (c. 65.) A. D. 66 he was accused as one of the conspirators, xv. 56, 60 sq.: and when he was at Clausit, et egregias Lateranorum obsidet ædes his suburban villa, at the 4th mile- præd.] The same epithet is applied to Seneca by Tac. xv. 64 fin. Seneca himself (De Vita Beata, 17, see the whole treatise) introduces his maligners asking: "Quare cultius rus tibi est, quam naturalis usus desiderat?... Cur trans mare possides? cur plura quam nosti? Turpiter aut tam negligens es, ut non noveris pauculos servos, aut tam luxuriosus, ut plures habeas, quam quorum notitiæ memoria sufficiat:" cf. id. Ep. 87 init. hort.] i. 75 n. 17. This palace, on the site of the modern Lateran, stood amidst many splendid mansions (Mart. xii. 18. 3 sq.), on the east of Mt. Cœlius. Under Nero it belonged to the illustrious Plautii Laterani; but, after the consul elect Plautius L. (on his early life see Sat. viii. 147 n.) had from patriotic motives engaged in, and been condemned on account of, Piso's conspiracy (Tac. Ann. xv. 49, 60), and had died as nobly as he had lived (Tac. c. 60, Arrian. Epict. i. 1. 19, 20), it seems to have been forfeited to the Cæsars: in amicos inimicosque pariter vehemens ; quippe qui Lateranum. . . ceterosque alios ditaret, ædibus quoque memoratu dignis, quarum præcipuas videmus, Parthorum quæ dicuntur ac Laterani, Aurel. Vict. Epit. 20 § 6 (Septimius Severus). Here Marcus Aure 20 lius was educated "in domo avi sui Veri juxta ædes Laterani," Jul. Capit. M. Ant. 1: Constantine adorned the palace, and raised there a church: ὃ δὴ Λατερνήσιον καὶ αὐτὸ ὁ αὐτὸς πολυτελῶς τε καὶ φιλοτίμως ἀνήγειρε, τῷ Χριστῷ ἀναθεὶς αὐτό, Niceph. vii. 49 ap. Becker, Röm. Alt. i. p. 508: St. Jerome mentions the basilica Laterana, originally a palace of this family, Ep. 30 (ad Ocean. 84 Bened. 77 Vallars.): Coetibus aut magnis [vulgus] Lateranas currit ad ædes, Unde sacrum referat regali Chrismate signum, Prudent. in Symm. i. 586. On the gift of the palace to the popes, who have held it since the 4th century, see Tillem. Emper. iv. p. 141. 18. Οὐδὲ συκοφάντην ὁ πένης [φοBeîrai], Plut. De Superst. 3, p. 165 D: they are times of rare felicity when "nullius divitis crimen optatur," Symmach. Orat. pro Patre, § 6. p. 44 Nieb.: Laudabat mihi pater paupertatem, narrabat divitum incommoda: aiebat multos divites accusatos, Sen. ii. Contr. 9 (Vibii Rufi): Scimus tyrannidem præcipue ad divites pertinere. Illa, quam dederas, pecunia redimebas fortunas, pecunias tuas, immo salutem: quandoquidem plerumque perire vobis in lucrum crudelitatis alienæ necesse est, Quintil. Decl. 345, p. 729 Burm.: Ovid. Nux, 41, 42. con.] Garrets, iii. 201 n.: Omnis qui celsa scandit cœnacula vulgus, Prudent. c. Symm. i. 581. 20. cont.] Επ' ἄλλους ἔχουσιν [οἱ |