colleague L. Caedicius, unsuccessfully arraigned Sp. Servilius. II.

52.

Subūra, a populous district of Rome, between the Esquiline and Caelian hills. III. 13.

Suessa. See Pometia.

Sulpicius, Q., lieutenant-general in command of the Roman camp, under the dictator A. Postumius Tubertus, u. c. 324. IV. 27. Sulpicius Camerinus, Q., military tribune, u. c. 353; and again, 357. V. 8. 14.

Sulpicius Longus, Q., military tribune at the era of the siege of Rome by the Gauls, u. c. 365, who entered into an agreement with Brennus, (when the city was in his hands,) which was broken off in consequence of the Gaul's brutality, and the arrival of Camillus. V. 36, 47, 48.

Sulpicius, Ser., consul, u. c. 254. II. 19.

Sulpicius, Ser., curio maximus, U. c. 291, when he died of pestilence. III. 7.

Sulpicius, Ser., consul, u. c. 293; one of the ambassadors sent to Greece for the purpose of collecting laws, 300; decemvir, 303; a deputy from the senate to the people, 305; and lieutenant-gene ral in command of the horse, 309, against the Aequi and Volsci. III. 10, 31, 33, 50, 70.

Sulpicius Camerīnus, Ser., consul, v. c. 362; military tribune, 364, when he ravaged the country of the Salpinates. V. 29, 32.

T.

Talassius, one of the most distinguished amongst the followers of Romulus. I. 9.

Tanăquil, a high-born and ambitious lady of Tarquinii, who emigrated with her husband Lucumo, afterwards Tarquinius Priscus, to Rome, and by her spirit and wisdom incited successfully both her husband and her son-in-law, Servius Tullus, to aspire to the throne. I, 34, 39, 41, 47.

Tarpeius, Mons. See Capitolium,

Tarpeius, Sp., governor of the Roman citadel on the Tarpeian rock, when attacked by the Sabines, in the reign of Romulus. His daughter betrayed it to the Sabines, and was slain by them. I. 11. Tarquinii, one of the twelve principal cities of Etruria, on the river Marta, the stronghold of the Tarquins after their expulsion from Rome, and long troublesome to that people. Inhabitants, Tarquinienses. I. 34; II. 6. 7; V. 16.

Tarquinius Priscus, L., said to have been sprung from a Corinthian family which settled in Tarquinii, and to have emigrated to Rome, where he artfully obtained the throne, u. c. 138, being its fifth possessor. He added 100 senators to the former 200, increased the number of knights, conquered the Sabines and the Latins, sur,

rounded the city with a stone-wall, formed cloacae, and founded the temple of Jupiter Capitolinus. He was slain, u. c. 176, by assassins whom the sons of Ancus Marcius had instigated. I. 3440. Tarquinius, Aruns, son or grandson of Tarquinius Priscus, married by Servius Tullus to Tullia Minor, his younger daughter, a mild husband to a furious wife, and slain by her, that she might be united with his more spirited brother, in expectation of the throne. I. 42, 46. Tarquinius, Aruns, son of Tarquinius Superbus, was sent to Delphi for the purpose of consulting the oracle as to the import of some portents, and afterwards met Brutus at the head of the horse, in the first battle for the restoration of monarchy, when each slew the other. I. 56; II. 6. Tarquinius Collatinus, L., son of Egerius, and cousin of Tarquinius Superbus, was the husband of Lucretia, whose fate was the occasion of the downfall of the Roman monarchy. He was elected one of the first consuls along with Brutus, but was compelled to leave Rome, in consequence of the jealousy entertained of all bearing the name of Tarquin. I. 57, 58-60; II. 2. Tarquinius Superbus, L., son or grandson of Tarquinius Priscus, first married one daughter of Servius Tullus, then murdered her, and married the other, caused his father-in-law to be slain, and mounted the Roman throne, its seventh and last possessor, u. c. 220. He continued to act in the same manner whilst king, thinned the senate, neglected to assemble it, surrounded his person with armed guards, treacherously procured the death of his principal opponent in his design to make Rome the capital of Latium, subdued the Volscians, drove the Aequi and Tuscans to sue for peace, built the temple of Jupiter Capitolinus, formed most magnificent works, but, whilst engaged in the siege of Ardea, was driven from his throne, equally detested by all ranks. Several vain attempts were made to re-instate him, in which the Romans suffered much; and he ultimately retired to Cumae, where he died, u. c. 259, fourteen years after his banishment, having previously reigned twenty-four years. I. 42, 46-60; II. 6, 9, 15, 19, 21.

Tarquinius, Sextus, the youngest son of Tarquinius Superbus, by a most treacherous device enabled his father to take Gabii, by the inhabitants of which he was slain, when he took refuge amongst them, after his base conduct to Lucretia had impelled the discontented Romans to drive out his family. I. 53, 54, 58-60. Tarquinius-a-um, belonging to the family of the Tarquinii. Tarquinia gens, Tarquinia factio. They were sentenced to perpetual banishment, their goods plundered, or devoted to sacred purposes. Their last struggle for the restoration of monarchy was in the memorable battle fought at the lake Regillus, where A. Postumius, the dict tor, at the head of the Romans, completely defeated the I forces, U. c. 255. II. 2, 4, 5, 18-20.

Tarquitius, L., a patrician, so poor that he could not serve on horseback; master of the horse under the great Cincinnatus, u. c. 296, against the Aequi. III. 27.

Tarracina. See Anxur.

Tatius, Titus, king of the Sabines, in the reign of Romulus, whỏ headed his countrymen in their attempt to avenge the seizure of their women, and after gaining the Tarpeian rock, and repeated engagements, became sharer of the throne with Romulus, conjoining the Sabine people with his, but was slain in a few years by the Laurentes. II. 10-14.

Taurīnus, saltus, a pass through the Alps, leading from Gaul to the country of the Taurini, in Italy, at the foot of the Alpes Cottiae. V. 34.

Tellēnae, a Latin town taken by Ancus Marcius, the inhabitants of which he settled on Mount Aventine. I. 33.

Tellus, the goddess of the Earth. II. 41.

Tempanius, Sex., a Roman captain of horse, whose bravery and skill, in a moment of great danger, prevented the Romans from sustaining a disgraceful defeat from the Volscians, and who defended his general's conduct, contrary to expectation. He was next year,

u. c. 333, in his absence made tribune of the commons.

IV. 38

42. Terentillus Arsa, C., a tribune of the commons, u. c. 292, who first moved a bill for fixed laws to regulate the consular power. IIL

9.

Terminus, the deity that presided over boundaries and land-marks. I. 55; V. 54.

II. 10.

Tiberina insula. II. 5.

Tiberinus generally the god of the Tiber. Tiberinus-a-um, belonging to the Tiber. Tiberinus amnis. V. 37. Tiberinus Silvius, 10th king of Alba Longa, giving name to the Ti. ber. I. 3. Tiberis, a celebrated river of Italy, rising in the Apennines, flowing south-east to Cures, then south-west, receiving about fortytwo tributary streams in its course, and falling into the sea, passing Rome, about twelve miles below it, after running about 160 miles. I. 3, 4, 7, 14, 15, 27, 33, 37, 38, 46; II. 5, 10-12; V. 13.

Ticīnus, a northern tributary of the Po, rising in the Alps, and flowing through the Lacus Verbanus. V. 34. Timasitheus, chief magistrate of the Lipărae islands, lying between Sicily and Italy, whose inhabitants were addicted to piracy. His generous conduct to the Roman ambassadors, seized by his people on their road to Delphi, gained the gratitude of the Roman people to him and his posterity. V. 28.

Titienses, either a century of knights, or a tribe of the whole people,

or both, a term, according to Livy, derived from Titus Tatius, king

of the Sabines; according to others, from a Tuscan word signifying the third.

I. 13, 36.

Titinius, L., military tribune, u. c. 355; and again, 359, when a check sustained by him from the Falisci and Capenates rendered the appointment of a dictator necessary. V. 12, 18.

Titinius, M., tribune of the commons, after the abolition of the decemviral power, u. c. 305. III. 54.

Titinius, Sex., a factious tribune of the commons, u. c. 316. IV. 16.

Tolumnius, Lar., king of the Veientes, to whom the Fidenates revolted, and who, after causing, either by mistake or design, the Roman ambassadors to be slain, was killed in battle, by A. Cornelius Cossus, and his troops defeated, u. c. 318. His armour, of which he was stripped by Cossus, formed the second spolia opima. IV. 17-19.

Trebia, a Latin town taken from the Romans by Coriolanus. II. 39.

Trebonius, C., a tribune of the commons, U. c. 354. V. 11.

Trebonius Asper, L., a tribune of the commons, u. c. 307, most hostile to the patricians, who brought in a bill calculated to lessen their influence in the election of tribunes. III. 65.

Tribuni militum, consulari potestate, the supreme magistrates of the Roman state, on occasions when the efforts of the plebeians to share in the consular power induced the patricians to consent to the election of men who might be chosen indifferently from either order of the state, with the same power as the consuls, and yet should not have the name, or possess the religious powers of consuls. The first were elected, u. c. 310, being three in number, and all patricians, (IV. 6, 7.) Their numbers vary, being sometimes four, (IV. 31,) sometimes six, (IV. 61,) and sometimes eight, (V. 1. the accuracy of the reading is doubted,) but for forty-four years they were all patricians. This form of government continued chequered with the consulship, till 387, when the admission of plebeians to the consular power rendered the expedient unnecessary. They are not to be confounded with the ordinary term Tribuni militum, simply military officers, six to each legion, who commanded under the consul, and chose the centurions. III. 51; IV. 19. Tribuni plebis, magistrates who seem to have taken their origin from the plebeians having been in the habit of electing from among themselves individuals, to regulate their common concerns, without any reference to the commonwealth. When, however, the plebeians grew strong enough, they appointed, under this name, as their representatives, to regulate their interests, as concerned in the common laws of the state, (II. 33,) men who were generally, though not always, (III. 64, 65; V. 10,) plebeians. There is a dispute as to the Comitia in which they were elected, but it seems impossible that they can have ever been elected in the Comitia Curiata, as Dionysius asserts; and Livy seems to state that they were elected

in the Comitia Centuriata, till 283, when they were elected in the Comitia Tributa, (II. 56, 60.) They were at first either two or five in number, (II. 33, 58); afterwards ten, 297, (III. 30); and possessed of powers varying as the order which they represented was influential or not, consisting at first in the negative power of preventing laws by the uttering of the word veto. (II. 56; IV. 1, 26; V. 9, 12.) Their persons were inviolable, and the only check on their authority was, that one might interrupt the proceedings of all the rest. Their power continued till the time of Sylla's usurpation, and thereafter to that of the Caesars, who first rendered it unavail. ing, and afterwards assumed it to themselves.

Troja, a celebrated city of Troas, in Asia Minor, near the Hellespont, at the foot of Mount Ida, besieged, taken and destroyed by the Greeks, in the reign of Priam, after a siege of ten years.

I. 1; V. 4. From it Antenor gave name to the place where he first landed, and called the country Pagus Trojanus, and Aeneas called a place amongst the Laurentes, Troja. I. 1. Inhabitants, Trojāni. I.

1-3.

Tullia, a daughter of Servius Tullus. Of these there were two, the elder married to Lucius Tarquinius, and murdered by him, that he might marry the younger, who slew his brother Aruns. She instigated her new husband to dethrone her own father, triumphed over the old man's downfall, drove over his dead body, and was driven out with universal execration. I. 42, 46-48, 59.

Tullius, M'., consul, v. c. 254. II. 19. Tullius, Servius, the sixth king of Rome, whose origin is uncertain, was the son-in-law of Tarquinius Priscus, mounted the throne, on the assassination of that prince, by the prudence of Tanaquil, his mother-in-law, U. c. 176, and reigned for forty-four years, when, after conquering the Veientes, remodelling the constitution, by admitting to a share in legislating all the inhabitants of Rome, in a ratio proportioned to their ability to bear the burdens of the state, he incurred the hatred of the aristocracy, whose power was thus impaired, and at last, 220, fell a victim to the ambition of his son-inlaw, Tarquinius Superbus. There seems to be little doubt, that the eminence to which Rome afterwards rose resulted in a great measure from the measures adopted by this distinguished prince. I. 18, 39-48, 60; IV. 3.

Tullus, Attius, the most distinguished prince of the Volscians, in the time of Coriolanus, who took shelter with him, and induced him by an artifice to kindle war between his people and the Romans, to whom the Volscian was inveterately hostile. II. 35, 37-39. Turnus, king of the Rutuli, when Aeneas landed in Italy, was deprived of Lavinia, who had been betrothed to him, by Aeneas, and having made war on that prince, was twice defeated, and, as some say, killed by him. I. 2.

Tusci. See Etruria.

Tusculum, a. Latin town south-east of Roine, on the Via Latina,