so numerous here, now happen very seldom, the people of the country travel about to any distance in perfect security. Those wretches whose former employment was stealing and selling children into slavery, are now obliged to confine their depredations to horses and buffaloes; and the scantiness and precariousness of this mode of subsistence compels many to cultivate the land to procure a livelihood-under these circumstances cultivation and civilization are daily increasing, and must extend rapidly over the country. The native Chiefs in Celebes do not conceal that they are much poorer in consequence of the change, but although they cannot at present be expected to co-operate willingly in the suppression of slavery, they are perfectly conscious of the blessings it must ultimately produce." ITALY. Lucien Buonaparte.-The following is from a paper published at Rome under the authority of the Papal Government; Rome, July 6.-His Holiness is zealous ly occupied in the re-organization of the "Rome, Aug. 15, 1814. establishments of public instruction. The "The Holy Father wishing to reward college called la Sapienza will be among the conduct of Lucien Buonaparte, and dethose first opened. The Academia Ecclesias-sirous of giving him a new proof of his good tica, that learned school, whence issued will, has raised him to the rank of a Roman so many illustrious prelates, will again Prince!! His Holiness has issued an order flourish according to the old rules. to that effect, highly honourable, by which the possession of the Canino, situated upon the frontiers of Etruria, is confirmed and ratified, aud the right of possession made hereditary in his male heirs. Lucien Buonaparte had purchased this valuable property eight years ago of the Apostolic was exiled from Chamber, when he France, and sought a refuge in Rome. Every one here has seen this illustrious personage receive this reward of his virtue at the hands of the Head of the Church, The college of Propaganda, which carried the light of civilization with that of the faith among the most barbarious nations, is re-composing from its fragments. The Printing Office of this establishment, which rendered such great services to the oriental languages, will resume its labours, as soon as its pecuniary resources permit. July 27.-By the express command of his Holiness, the Cardinal Secretary of State has caused a proclamation, offering pardon to all Roman subjects, who, during the last occupation of the Holy See, failed in their duty to their rightful sovereign, to be published, and posted. August 1.-The Pope, on the Féte of St. Peter, distributed the usual medal to the Cardinals and Prelates. It bears on one side, the portrait of St. Peter, with the inscription "Pius VII. Pont. Max." and on the other, St. Peter released by an Angel from prison, with this inscription around it, "Renovatum Prodigium;" and below," Summi Pontificis reditus Religionis triumphans. A. D. 1814." 3.-The feast of St. Ignatius of Loyola, founder of the Order of the Jesuits, was celebrated on the 23d ult. with very great pomp, in the church of Jesus. An immense concourse of the faithful were present, and a number of Cardinals assisted at t the offices. with the liveliest satisfaction. He is frethe Holy Father, and is occupied with prequently admitted to private audiences with paring for the press his grand poem of 66 Charlemagne," which will appear in January, 1815. It is dedicated to the Holy Father." Turin, July 10-We are assured, that returning to old usages, the King has prohibited in all his States, butchers and others from selling meat on Fridays, Saturdays, and fast-days. The sick may, however, procure permission on the prohibited days. Some people assert that this measure was required by the interests of agriculture, so many cattle having been consumed, or cut off by epidemics. Jews.-August 16.-The Jews multiply in the ancient departments of the Lower Alps. The French Legislature, as is known, called the Hebrews to the enjoy ment of political rights, and employed them | Highness the Princess of Prussia, consort in the administration of, the country; they of Prince William, is President. occupied the first places as magistrates, as Instructors of the public. His Majesty the King of Sardinia has restored the ancient order of things, and the Jews have fallen back to their original condition. In consequence of this, some of them are quiting Piedmont for Parma, Placentia, and those parts of Tuscany, where the laws against the Jews are least severe. They have a synagogue at Colonno, and enjoy the rights of citizens at Florence and Leghorn. British humanity honoured.-The inhabitants of Brindisi, have erected a monument to the memory of the late Capt. Bridges W. Taylor, of his Majesty's ship Apollo, who, with seven other persons, was drowned by the upsetting of a boat off that Port, in February last. This token of regard has been shown in consequence of his humanity and kindness to them, during two years of rigorous blockade off that coast. The officers of the Apollo are also erecting a monument at their own expence in Portsmouth Church, as a compliment to the memory of their late Commander. POLAND. Berlin, Aug. 9.-The solemn entry of our honoured Monarch took place here the day before yesterday. The most beautiful gate at present in Europe, our Branverted into a national triumphal arch, denburgh Gate, was very appropriately conas the triumphal car carried off by the enemy at their first invasion, was, after the replaced on the top of the gate, of which it taking of Paris, again brought back and had formerly been so distinguished an ornament. This took place in the dead of the night, and the workmanship was concealed by a covering in the shape of a tent, that its first appearance in the moment of entry might produce a powerful impres sion. While the troops were awaiting the arrival of his Majesty from Charlottenberg, a deputation of young women of the lower order, in the Residence, delivered to M. Alvensleben, the Colonel of the Guard, four silver trumpets, which they had caused to be made at their own expence-a present which was gratefully acknowledged in the name of his Majesty. As his Majesty, on coming from Charlottenburgh, entered the circle present in the Thier-garten, and put himself at the them with a general huzza! In this moment the tent-shaped covering of the triumphal car of Victory, on the Brandenburgh Gate, fell, as if by enchantment, in a grand theatrical style. It then appeared in the presence of the army and people in its new glory. Royal remains re-deposited.-Posen, Aug. 6. The General of Division Sokolnicki has caused to be transported hither from Nan-head of the troops, he was welcomed by cy, the mortal remains of Stanislaus Leczinsky, formerly King of Poland. Part of them was yesterday solemnly deposited in the Cathedral of this city, in presence of the civil and military authorities, and a great number of the inhabitants. The remainder of them will be conveyed to Cracow, to be there deposited in the tombs of our Kings. Stanislaus had been Weywode of Pozen before his accession to the throne. PRUSSIA. Order of Merit for the Ladies.-Berlin, Aug. 23. His Majesty, by a Decree of the 3rd. instant, has instituted an Order, to reward the Prussian Matrons and their daughters, for their services during the war, and has given it the name of the Order of Louisa. The insignia of the Order consist in a small black enamelled cross. A round blue enamelled shield or medallion in the middle of the cross, has on the front the letter L. with a crown of stars round it; and on the reverse the dates, 1813 and 1814. It is to be worn fastened by a white ribbon on the left breast, and to be given both to married and unmarried women. The number of members is a hundred, and the Chapter consists of four ladies, of whom her Royal When the procession reached the altar of Victory, the infantry poured into the pleasure garden, from the side of the cathedral, where the thanks-offering to the God of Armies, was to be solemnized. For this purpose an estrade was erected in a part of the garden adjoining the Packhoff, which rose terrace-wise in two stages. In the middle of the highest stage stood a simple altar, ornamented with the symbol of the Christian Church, the holy cross, and lighted up with wax. On this upper stage the clergy from all the confessions were assembled. Behind the altar were two tribunes; one was filled by the Princesses of the Family; the other by the highest civil dignitaries of the state. The elevated place before the altar was occupied by the King and his splendid train of Princes and Generals. The troops stood around in wide circles drawn up in seven columns; the cavalry remained without the iron railings, in the sides of the garden towards the Palace and the Cathedral. As soon as the King had taken his station, and all were assembled around him, a general stillness prevailed for a few moments, after which the army and people, supported by a numerous vocal chorus, and a most powerful band of instruments, began to sing the Commerce: Tallow exported and expected. noble old anthem of "Honour and glory to By recent accounts from St. Petersburgh, God the highest." After two verses had 53,000 casks of tallow had already been been sung, the Orator, M. Offelsmeyer, of shipped for England, and they contiPotsdam, Chaplain of the Guards, &c. in nued to ship about 1500 casks daily; the the name of the army now returned to quantity expected down from the interior their home, greeted the town, the palace, was estimated at 75,000 casks, to which the churches, and the people of Berlin, call- may be added, about 7000 casks remaining ing to their recollection the great events from last season, and in wintering ships. which had taken place, bestowing suitable The quantity expected at Archangel was praises on the army, the Prussian nation, about 13,000; making a total of 95,000 and the Allied Powers; and exhorting casks of tallow, a quantity never before them to persevere in high and elevated | known. sentiments. He concluded with a prayer for our Monarch, and his august house. During the singing and the discourse, every head was uncovered, and during the concluding prayer, the King first, and after him the whole people, of every age and description, fell down on their knees. At the same moment, after a few drops of rain, which seemed as it were indicative of the blessing of Heaven, the sun broke out suddenly through the clouds, on the sublime scene. The assembly now stood up and joined in singing "Lord God, we praise thee," in the melody of which the discharge of cannon, and the ringing of the Cathedral bells, were made to enter in the most solemn and impressive manner. The whole was concluded by a clerical blessing. even in the middle of June, the White Sea was full of drift ice. No ships had then arrived at Archangel from foreign parts; but immense quantities of flax, hemp, tallow, and grain were expected from the interior of Russia. Honourable present.-The Nobility and Merchants of St. Petersburgh, have presented the Grand Duke Constantine, with a golden plate, ornamented with his cipher, surrounded by a wreath of laurel, and the following inscription in the Russian language: "To him who has devoted his life to his country, and announced to it the conclusion of Peace The City of St. Petersburgh, 1814." Benevolent Medical Society.-Lately has been formed in St. Petersburgh a society Medico Philanthropic. It is composed of a president, six ordinary members, and many corresponding members. The ordinary members receive no emolument; the proposed purposes of this society are-1st, to superintend in their own houses patients of every rank, age, sex, and religion.-2nd, At the close of this service, the King to afford assistance in all cases of accident, put himself in front of the cavalry, and &c. in the streets.-3rd, to counteract the proceeded down the pleasure garden to the effects of superstition and hurtful prejuRoyal Palace, to receive the congratula-dices.-4th, to promote the use of vaccitions of foreign Ambassadors, &c. In the nation.-5th, to prevent the spread of conGreat Gallery, covers were laid for 270 tagious diseases.-6th, to form establishments for instruction of the deaf and dumb, Silesian Convents, &c.-The number of and to further other benevolent institutions., convents suppressed in Silesia in the year-7th, a physician, whose duty it is to be1810, was 68: that of the convents and stow aid on the sick, is placed in each chapters preserved was ten; to which must quarter of the city, with a salary of 600 be added nine commanderies of the Order rubles per annum. of Malta, which still subsisted in 1811. But in those which still remain considerable changes have been made, and it is likely that the reforms in their conduct and destination are not yet finally settled. persons. RUSSIA. Winter Severities in the North.—By accounts from Archangel of June 17, we learn, that the last winter had made greater inroads into the summer of that northern latitude, than had been known in the memory of man. The ice of the Dwina had not broke up till the 24th of May, and This society is under the immediate protection of the Emperor, who allows toward the expences, the sum of 24,000 rubles annually; what further is wanted is obtained by voluntary subscription, which usually amounts to 10 or 12,000 rubles one year with another. Church of the Holy Virgin of KasanThe most magnificent church in St. Petersburgh, is that of Isaac: the next to it in splendour is that of Kasan, recently finished. The plan is that of a St. Andrew's Cross, its total height is sixty yards. Four semi circular rows of granite columns, of the Corinthian order, lead to the principal entrance. The great front of this colonade presents three portals, that of the middle being adorned with two colossal statues. This portal leads to the principal entrance, which is supported by six columns, between which are placed statues; these, as well as the doors, ornamented with bas reliefs, are of bronze. The exterior of the Church, the capitals of the columns, the entablature, and the bas reliefs of the attic, are in wrought stone: the bases of the columns are of cast iron. In the centre of the semicircle of columns leading to the church, is placed an obelisk of granite, thirty yards in height. The Cupola is sixteen yards in diameter, and is supported by four massy pillars; between which double rows of columns, conduct to the three principal entrances, and to the high altar. The capitals, and the bases of the interior columns, with the ornaments of the three altars, are of gilt bronze. The whole number of granite columns in this church is 52; each about 30 feet in height, and 34 feet in diameter. Every one of these columns is of a single piece, and has cost (including the expense of carriage by water to Petersburgh) the sum of 2,800 rubles. The whole cost of the fabric has amounted to nearly three millions of rubles. New Island: Volcanic. Taganrock, (on the sea of Asoff,) Juue 10, O.S. On the 10th of May, at two p. m. a singular phenomenon took place in the province of Tschernomorsk, near Altemrjuk, opposite to the Salt Marshes, in the sea of Asoff. The weather was calm and serene, when a tremendous noise was heard issuing from the sea, at the distance of about 200 fathoms from the shore, and the bottom of the sea was seen to rise above the surface of the water. Flames, accompanied with a sound like the discharge of cannon, burst from it, and large masses of earth and stones were projected into the air. The first ten eruptions, which followed within a quarter of an hour of one another, were the most violeut; the succeeding were more distant and weaker. This phenomenon continued till after night. A smell of a peculiar kind, but not resembling sulphur, was diffused to the distance of 10 wersts. The noise was heard at the like distance; and a subterraneous motion, attended with a hollow rumbling, was also perceived. Afterwards an island appeared at the above-mentioned spot, with several springs, which threw up a fluid mud which gradually became dry. On the 20th, people began to examine the island. It seemed to be inaccessible, as it was completely surrounded to the distance of five fathoms by a slimy mud; and it was only in one place that they succeeded in reaching the middle of it. Its length, from west to east, including the mud on the border, is 70 arschines; and the height, above the surface of the water, one fathom and an half. The whole surface of the island is covered with a whitish stony substance. Trade: Siberians.-The Russian Government has made considerable progress towards opening a communication with the Northern regions of America, by the way of Siberia. The Tschuktsches, a nation inhabiting the North-east part of Siberia, having been continually in a state of war with the Kourakes, who inhabit the shores of the sea of Ochotks, the latter threw themselves under the protection of Russia. On the 9th of March, 1813, they sent a deputation of 70 persons to Fort Angora, on the great river Anui; these deputies took the oath of fidelity to the Emperor of Russia, and many of them were baptised according to the rites of the Greek church. The chiefs have engaged a fox's skin for every individual baptized, in name of tribute. The trade with these new subjects of the Russian empire has since become brisker than ever; and there is every reason to believe that the Russians will speedily, by advancing over-land to Behring's straits, open a communication with the people of America who inhabit those coasts, and who can supply abundance of teeth of seaborses, and furs of great value. Comparative extent of Russia. Von Wichman, in his "Picture of the Russian Monarchy," states its size in relation to other countries as follows:-Russia is 28. times larger than France, 29 times larger than Austria, 88 times larger than Sweden, 82 times larger than the Rhenish Confederation, 5 times larger than the Turkish Empire, 4 times larger than China, 7 times larger than Persia, and 39 times larger than Japan. A German paper states, that, in the Russían empire, during the year 1812, there were, according to official lists, 1,264,891 births, and 971,558 deaths, making the surplus of births above deaths-295,033. Of these one had reached the extraordinary age of 165; three the age of 135, one of 130, fifteen of 125, thirty-three from 115 to 120, fifty-three from 110 to 115, one hundred and twenty-seven from 105 to 110, five hundred and twenty-seven from 100 to 105. The lower ages were 1473 from 95 to 100, 2749 from 90 to 95, and 4487 from 85 | offers no instance of vehemence; he seems to 90. SPAIN. on the contrary to be lazy, negligent, and from time to time, rather haughty. His air announces a feeble constitution and little strength. He sits a horse well; but indolently. It is said, that he loves the sciences, and speaks with ease, Latin, German, and even French. He has excellent ministers and able counsellors, whom he seems to consult, because he does not intermeddle much in public affairs. In short, it may be hoped, that things will go well. Sweden is large enough without wishing for foreign conquests. It is much more important for her to strengthen and cultivate her present provinces, than to engage in wars, which when her present scattered population is considered, cannot but prove extremely prejudicial to her welfare as a nation." Inquisition. We are assured that Ferdinand VII. has addressed a long memorial to his Holiness, praying him to regulate the jurisprudence of the Supreme Council of the Inquisition by a Bull. His Majesty proposes to abolish the code called Directorium Inquisitorium. Mahometans, Jews, and other infidels, will no longer be allowed to give testimony in matters of religion against Catholics accused of heresy, &c. Wives, children, relations, and domestics, are not to be admitted as witnesses in the first instance. The torture cannot be applied in any case. The charges are to be so specific, that slight or violent suspicion of heresy cannot suffice, without a commencement of proofs, for ordering the arrest of any individual.The writer was of this King's Horse Jews may be allowed to employ Christian Guards: was with him in all his camnurses without being called to account by paigus: in his battle with the Turkish the Inquisition. His Majesty appears dis- Janissaries, he was made prisoner and deposed to subunit criminal affairs, in matters livered up by La Mottraye. He attriof religion, to the ordinary forms of crimi-butes the death of the King at the Siege nal justice. The property of the conof Fredericshall, without reserve, to an demned cannot, in any case, fall to the In- assassin. quisition. The expenses of the Supreme Council are to be defrayed by the Royal Treasury; the families of the condemned are to be admitted to their inheritances. SWEDEN. What a totally different scene did time disclose! both as to the character of this king, and to the destiny of Sweden!!! Substitute for Tobacco.-The College of Medicine of Stockholm has discovered that Early Character of Charles XII.--At the leaves of the potatoe root, dried in a Stockholm was published, some time ago, particular manner, give a tobacco far su"Confidential Letters from a Swedish Offi-perior in fragrance to ordinary tobacco. cer in the service of the famous Charles XII. to his friend at Vienna." The originals were written in Latin. The first is dated Wexio, July 12, 1699, the last Stockholm, December 1740. The King has ordered the public authorities to favour the cultivation of this root. The Danish Gazettes warmly recommend the use of the substitute instead of foreign tobacco. SWITZERLAND. The character of Charles XII. when he succeeded to the throne differed so toThe Agricultural Establishment of M. De tally from what it appeared to be after-Fellenberg at Horwyl, still keeps up its wards, as to become a subject of curiosity almost all the useful machines invented or utility and reputation. In this institution and speculation. This writer first saw the King at Stockholm in 1699, and he thus improved in Britain, are copied, and from describes him: The King is always hence they are dispersed throughout GerThe Canton of magnificently dressed; his figure is tall many and Switzerland. and thin, and his physiognomy is agreeable ful deposits, and allows it an extent of 400 Berne protects this magazine of useenough; his eyes are blue and large; his bead is but thinly furnished with hair. It jucharts, each 40,000 feet square, for the appears, that there is no general expecta- purpose of experiments in cultivation and tion of his accomplishing any thing great; chines of all kinds from all parts of Europe. agriculture. M. Fellenberg obtains mathe most energetic trait of his character is that he shewed at his coronation, when he took the crown from the Archbishop and placed it himself on his head; an action rather to be attributed to his natural impatience than to any desire of beginning to reign. "Besides obstinacy, his early youth TURKEY. Plague.-Accounts have been received from Smyrna to the 7th of July. The mortality which had taken place at that town had caused the loss of 30,000 souls. The deaths at the above date were reduced to between 30 and 40 daily. |