The Sonar of DolphinsSpringer Science & Business Media, 15 gen 1993 - 277 pagine Over the ages, humans have always been fasci manner and to present a comprehensive and nated by dolphins. This fascination heightened in organized treatise on the subject. In my opinion, the 1950s when oceanariums and aquariums such an effort is long overdue, since there is a paucity of books on this subject. I know of only began to use dolphins as show performers to one booklet and one book dealing with echoloca demonstrate their prowess and display how tractable and trainable they were. The televi tion in dolphins. I have attempted to introduce as many concepts from physics as possible sion series "Flipper" brought considerable public awareness and, coupled with the growing sophis and also to create mathematical models as an aid to the quantification and understanding of tication and popularity of dolphin shows, helped to further heighten public interest in these intri biosonar capabilities. Topics are covered which guing marine mammals. Soon the alluring but range from auditory pathways and processes, to anatomy of the dolphin's head, to signal pro unfounded myth began to surface that dolphins cessing models, to a comparison of the sonar of are the smartest of animals, with an intelligence approaching and perhaps surpassing that of bats and dolphins. humans. |
Sommario
Introduction | 1 |
12 Some Underwater Acoustics | 4 |
13 The Time and Frequency Domains | 11 |
14 Experimental Psychological Methodology | 13 |
15 Signal Detection Theory | 17 |
The Receiving System | 22 |
22 The Middle Ear | 26 |
23 The Inner Ear | 28 |
82 NoiseLimited Form of the Sonar Equation | 143 |
83 Biosonar Detection Capabilities | 145 |
84 Detection of Complex Echoes | 157 |
85 Comparison Between a Dolphin and an Ideal Receiver | 162 |
86 Target Detection in Reverberation | 166 |
87 Summary | 174 |
Biosonar Discrimination Recognition and Classification | 177 |
91 Mathematical Tools for the Analysis of Target Echoes | 178 |
24 Summary | 30 |
Characteristics of the Receiving System for Simple Signals | 32 |
32 Spectral Analysis Sensitivity | 36 |
33 Directional Hearing | 41 |
34 Response Bias and Sensitivity in Hearing | 52 |
35 Summary | 53 |
Characteristics of the Receiving System for Complex Signals | 59 |
41 Perception of Click Signals | 60 |
42 Perception of Time Separation Pitch | 70 |
43 Summary | 74 |
The Sonar Signal Transmission System | 77 |
52 Sound Production Mechanism | 81 |
53 Acoustic Propagation in the Dolphins Head | 87 |
54 Summary | 94 |
Characteristics of the Transmission System | 98 |
62 The Dolphin Near to FarField Transition Region | 100 |
63 The Acoustic Field on a Dolphins Head | 101 |
64 Directional Pattern of Biosonar Signals | 104 |
65 Equivalent Planar Circular Aperture | 109 |
66 Summary | 113 |
Characteristics of Dolphin Sonar Signals | 115 |
72 Frequency Characteristics | 118 |
73 Click Source Levels | 124 |
74 Number of Clicks and Response Latencies | 130 |
75 Signals from Other Species | 133 |
76 Summary | 137 |
Target Detection Capability of the Active Sonar System | 140 |
92 Target Size Discrimination | 179 |
93 Target Structure Discrimination | 181 |
94 Target Shape Discrimination | 201 |
95 Delayed Matching to Sample | 204 |
96 Target Range Difference Discrimination | 205 |
97 Insights from Human Listening Experiments | 208 |
98 Summary | 213 |
Signal Processing and Signal Processing Models | 216 |
102 The Dolphin Modeled as an Energy Detector | 224 |
103 Signal Processing Models for Target Recognition | 227 |
104 Artificial Neural Networks and Target Recognition | 233 |
105 Summary | 239 |
Comparison Between the Sonar of Bats and Dolphins | 242 |
111 Comparison of Sonar Signals | 243 |
112 Comparison of Signal Detection Capabilities | 250 |
113 Comparison of Target Discrimination Capabilities | 253 |
114 Doppler Compensation and Flutter Detection | 260 |
115 Summary | 261 |
Road Map for Future Research | 266 |
122 Mechanisms of Sound Production and Transmission | 267 |
123 Biosonar Capabilities and Mechanisms | 268 |
124 Signal Processing Models | 270 |
125 Natural and Dynamic Biosonar Behavior | 271 |
126 Concluding Remarks | 272 |
275 | |
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