The Sonar of Dolphins

Copertina anteriore
Springer Science & Business Media, 15 gen 1993 - 277 pagine
Over the ages, humans have always been fasci manner and to present a comprehensive and nated by dolphins. This fascination heightened in organized treatise on the subject. In my opinion, the 1950s when oceanariums and aquariums such an effort is long overdue, since there is a paucity of books on this subject. I know of only began to use dolphins as show performers to one booklet and one book dealing with echoloca demonstrate their prowess and display how tractable and trainable they were. The televi tion in dolphins. I have attempted to introduce as many concepts from physics as possible sion series "Flipper" brought considerable public awareness and, coupled with the growing sophis and also to create mathematical models as an aid to the quantification and understanding of tication and popularity of dolphin shows, helped to further heighten public interest in these intri biosonar capabilities. Topics are covered which guing marine mammals. Soon the alluring but range from auditory pathways and processes, to anatomy of the dolphin's head, to signal pro unfounded myth began to surface that dolphins cessing models, to a comparison of the sonar of are the smartest of animals, with an intelligence approaching and perhaps surpassing that of bats and dolphins. humans.
 

Sommario

Introduction
1
12 Some Underwater Acoustics
4
13 The Time and Frequency Domains
11
14 Experimental Psychological Methodology
13
15 Signal Detection Theory
17
The Receiving System
22
22 The Middle Ear
26
23 The Inner Ear
28
82 NoiseLimited Form of the Sonar Equation
143
83 Biosonar Detection Capabilities
145
84 Detection of Complex Echoes
157
85 Comparison Between a Dolphin and an Ideal Receiver
162
86 Target Detection in Reverberation
166
87 Summary
174
Biosonar Discrimination Recognition and Classification
177
91 Mathematical Tools for the Analysis of Target Echoes
178

24 Summary
30
Characteristics of the Receiving System for Simple Signals
32
32 Spectral Analysis Sensitivity
36
33 Directional Hearing
41
34 Response Bias and Sensitivity in Hearing
52
35 Summary
53
Characteristics of the Receiving System for Complex Signals
59
41 Perception of Click Signals
60
42 Perception of Time Separation Pitch
70
43 Summary
74
The Sonar Signal Transmission System
77
52 Sound Production Mechanism
81
53 Acoustic Propagation in the Dolphins Head
87
54 Summary
94
Characteristics of the Transmission System
98
62 The Dolphin Near to FarField Transition Region
100
63 The Acoustic Field on a Dolphins Head
101
64 Directional Pattern of Biosonar Signals
104
65 Equivalent Planar Circular Aperture
109
66 Summary
113
Characteristics of Dolphin Sonar Signals
115
72 Frequency Characteristics
118
73 Click Source Levels
124
74 Number of Clicks and Response Latencies
130
75 Signals from Other Species
133
76 Summary
137
Target Detection Capability of the Active Sonar System
140
92 Target Size Discrimination
179
93 Target Structure Discrimination
181
94 Target Shape Discrimination
201
95 Delayed Matching to Sample
204
96 Target Range Difference Discrimination
205
97 Insights from Human Listening Experiments
208
98 Summary
213
Signal Processing and Signal Processing Models
216
102 The Dolphin Modeled as an Energy Detector
224
103 Signal Processing Models for Target Recognition
227
104 Artificial Neural Networks and Target Recognition
233
105 Summary
239
Comparison Between the Sonar of Bats and Dolphins
242
111 Comparison of Sonar Signals
243
112 Comparison of Signal Detection Capabilities
250
113 Comparison of Target Discrimination Capabilities
253
114 Doppler Compensation and Flutter Detection
260
115 Summary
261
Road Map for Future Research
266
122 Mechanisms of Sound Production and Transmission
267
123 Biosonar Capabilities and Mechanisms
268
124 Signal Processing Models
270
125 Natural and Dynamic Biosonar Behavior
271
126 Concluding Remarks
272
Index
275
Copyright

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