mutantur. Ceterum Mauri, impetratis omnibus, tres Romam profecti cum Gn. Octavio Rufo, qui quaestor stipendium in Africam portaverat; duo ad regem redeunt. Ex his Bocchus quum cetera, tum maxime benignitatem et studium Sullae libens accepit. Romae legatis ejus, postquam errasse regem et Jugurthae scelere lapsum deprecati sunt, amicitiam et foedus petentibus hoc modo respondetur:

Senatus et populus Romanus beneficii et injuriae memor esse solet. Ceterum Boccho, quoniam poenitet, delicti gratiam facit; foedus et amicitia dabantur, quum meruerit.'

105. Quis rebus cognitis Bocchus per litteras a Mario petivit, uti Sullam ad se mitteret, cujus arbitratu de communibus negotiis consuleretur.5 Ís missus cum praesidio equitum atque peditum, funditorum Balearium; praeterea iere sagittarii et cohors Peligna cum velitaribus armis, itineris properandi causa, neque his secus atque aliis armis adversum tela hostium, quod ea levia sunt, muniti. Sed in itinere quinto denique die Volux filius Bocchi, repente in campis patentibus

1 Namely, when previously they have been successful, as had hitherto been the case with the Roman war.

The manuscripts have Rufone, which unusual name must be corrected either into Rufo or Rusone. We prefer Rufo, because Suetonius, in his life of Octavianus, mentions the Octavii Rufi as a senatorial family of the time here spoken of.

3

Deprecati sunt; that is, deprecantes dixerunt; for deprecari properly signifies to avert something by prayers.'

Gratiam facere, 'to grant pardon for something.' To quoniam poenitet we must supply eum.

5By whose decision a final determination might be come to respecting the common affairs.' Respecting the ablative arbitratu, see Zumpt, § 190.

The infantry which, besides an escort of Roman cavalry, was sent to accompany Sulla, consisted of light-armed troops, who were prepared both to march through uncultivated districts, and to fight with the barbarians. Roman infantry could not have kept up with the cavalry. The inhabitants of the Balearian Islands (Majorca, Minorca, and Iviza) were celebrated in antiquity as slingers; and as socii of the Romans, they furnished slingers for the Roman armies. Their weapon was a leathern sling, by which leaden balls were thrown, with great skill and accuracy, at a distance of 500 paces. The Pelignians are a people of central Italy, not far from the Adriatic, with two important towns, Corfinium and Sulmo. All the Italian nations which had then not yet received the Roman franchise furnished their auxiliary cohorts of 400, 500, or 800 men to the Roman army. Whether the Pelignians always bore arma velitaria (a round shield, a short sword, and a light javelin), or whether they did so only on this occasion, is doubtful; but it seems that this was their proper armour.

cum mille non amplius' equitibus sese ostendit, qui temere et effuse euntes Sullae aliisque omnibus et numerum ampliorem vero et hostilem metum efficiebant. Igitur se quisque expedire, arma atque tela temptare, intendere,2 timor aliquantus, sed spes amplior, quippe victoribus, et adversum eos, quos saepe vicerant. Interim equites exploratum praemissi rem uti erat quietam nuntiant.

106. Volux adveniens quaestorum appellat dicitque se a patre Boccho obviam illis simul et praesidio missum. Deinde eum et proximum diem sine metu conjuncti eunt. Post ubi castra locata et diei vesper erat, repente Maurus incerto vultu, pavens ad Sullam accurrit dicitque sibi ex speculatoribus cognitum, Jugurtham haud procul abesse; simul, uti noctu clam secum profugeret, rogat atque hortatur. Ille animo feroci negat se totiens fusum Numidam pertimescere; virtuti suorum satis credere; etiamsi certa pestis adesset, mansurum potius quam proditis, quos ducebat, turpi fuga incertae ac forsitan post paulo morbo interiturae vitae parceret.5 Ceterum ab eodem monitus, uti noctu proficiscerentur, consilium approbat, ac statim milites coenatos esse, in castris ignes quam creberrimos fieri, dein prima vigilia silentio egredi jubet. Jamque nocturno itinere fessis omnibus Sulla pariter cum ortu solis castra metabatur, quum equites Mauri nuntiant Jugurtham circiter duum milium intervallo ante eos consedisse. Quod postquam auditum est, tum vero ingens metus nostros invadit; credere se proditos a Voluce et insidiis circumventos. Ac fuere, qui dicerent manu vindicandum neque apud illum tantum scelus inultum relinquendum.

107. At Sulla, quamquam eadem existimabat, tamen ab injuria Maurum prohibet; suos hortatur, uti fortem animum

Non amplius. See Zumpt, $485.

2 They tried (tested) their arms and darts, and directed them against the supposed enemy,' but without making actual use of them.

3 As was in reality the case;' namely, that the approaching cav. alry had no hostile intentions.

To this and the following infinitive we must supply dicit, which is to be taken out of the preceding negat. See Zumpt, § 774.

5 Mansurum potius, quam-vitae parceret is correctly said, though it might also be quam vitae parsurum. See Zumpt, 603, 2. The indicative quos ducebat is a remark of the historian; quos duceret would be a remark of the speaker, which would here have been the regular form. Coenatos esse, 'they were to have finished dining.' See Zumpt, 148.

Ante eos, before them;' that is, on the road along which they had to march.

"He protects the Mauretanian against violence.'

gererent; saepe ante paucis strenuis1 adversum multitudinem bene pugnatum; quanto sibi in proelio minus pepercissent, tanto tutiores fore, nec quemquam decere, qui manus armaverit, ab inermis2 pedibus auxilium petere, in maximo metu nudum et caecum corpus ad hostes vertere. Deinde Volucem, quoniam hostilia faceret, Jovem maximum obtestatus, ut sceleris atque perfidiae Bocchi testis adesset, ex castris abire jubet. Ille lacrimans orare, ne ea crederet; nihil dolo factum, ac magis calliditate Jugurthae, cui videlicet speculanti iter suum cognitum esset. Ceterum, quoniam neque ingentem multitudinem haberet et spes opesque ejus ex patre suo penderent, credere illum nihil palam ausurum, quum ipse filius testis adesset; quare optimum factu3 videri per media ejus castra palam transire; sese vel praemissis vel ibidem relictis Mauris solum cum Sulla iturum. Ea res ut in tali negotio1 probata; ac statim profecti, quia de improviso acciderant," dubio atque haesitante Jugurtha, incolumes transeunt. Deinde paucis diebus, quo ire intenderant, perventum est.

108. Ibi cum Boccho Numida quidam, Aspar nomine, multum et familiariter agebat, praemissus ab Jugurtha, postquam Sullam accitum audierat, orator et subdole speculatum Bocchi consilia; praeterea Dabar, Massugradae filius, ex gente Masinissae, ceterum materno genere impar (nam pater ejus ex concubina ortus erat), Mauro ob ingenii multa bona carus acceptusque. Quem Bocchus fidum esse Romanis multis ante tempestatibus expertus illico ad Sullam nuntiatum mittit paratum sese facere, quae populus Romanus vellet; colloquio diem, locum, tempus ipse delegeret; consulta sese omnia cum illó integra habere; neu Jugurthae legatum pertimesceret, quo res communis licentius gereretur; nam ab insidiis ejus aliter

A dative. See Zumpt, § 419.

6

The same as inermibus. See Zumpt, § 101. Nudum et caecum corpus, the undefended part of the body, and not provided with eyes; that is, the back, which a person ought not to turn towards the enemy, if he wants to be safe.

It seemed to him to be the most advisable.' Instead of factu, other editions have factum, 'it seemed to him to be the best thing.' As the matter stood,' a limitation suggesting that, under other circumstances, that dangerous way would not have been chosen.

5

As they had come upon him unexpectedly;' for Jugurtha had not imagined that the Romans would thus, without negotiation, pass through his lines.

As ambassador with a public commission,' though at the same time he privately acted the part of a spy.

That he kept firmly and unalterably everything which had been Dreviously determined upon with Sulla.'

In order that the common business might be conducted the

caveri1 nequivisse. Sed ego comperior Bocchum magis Punica fide2 quam ob ea, quae praedicabat, simul Romanos et Numidam spe pacis attinuisse multumque cum animo suo volvere solitum, Jugurtham Romanis an illi Sullam traderet; libidinem3 adversum nos, metum pro nobis suasisse.

109. Igitur Sulla respondit, pauca coram Aspare locuturum, cetera occulte aut nullo aut quam paucissimis praesentibus; simul edocet, quae sibi responderentur. Postquam sicuti voluerat congressi, dicit se missum a consule venisse quaesitum ab eo, pacem an bellum agitaturus foret. Tum rex, uti praeceptum fuerat, post diem decimum redire jubet, ac nihil etiamnunc1 decrevisse, sed illo die responsurum. Dein ambo in sua castra digressi. Sed ubi plerumque noctis processit, Sulla a Boccho occulte accersitur; ab utroque tantummodo fidi interpretes adhibentur, praeterea Dabar internuntius, sanctus vir et ex sententia ambobus.5 Ac statim sic rex incipit:

110. 'Nunquam ego ratus sum fore, uti rex maximus in hac terra et omnium, quos novi, privato hominis gratiam deberem. Et mehercule, Sulla, ante te cognitum multis orantibus, aliis ultro egomet opem tuli, nullius indigui. Id imminutum, quod

more carelessly.' The laying aside of fear in the presence of Jugurtha's ambassador was to induce Sulla to carry on the negotiations for peace more openly, frankly, and incautiously, since, under the influence of fear, he would have been cautious and mistrustful. Non pertimescere are joined together as one idea, somewhat in the sense of contemnere, he should disregard' the ambassador, and accordingly act with Bocchus more confidentially.

The infinitive of the impersonal passive cavetur ab insidiis, 'precaution is taken against snares.'

Punica fides is proverbially the same as mala fides, the Carthaginians being generally regarded by the Romans as perfidious double-dealers. Attinere is the same as morari, 'to detain.'

3 His inclination.'

And says (which must be taken from the preceding jubet) that as yet he had determined upon nothing.' As past time is here spoken of, it should properly not be etiamnunc, but etiamtunc; and it is doubtful as to whether the reading of some manuscripts tum etiam ought not to be received into the text. If etiamnunc is correct, we must explain it by supposing that the historian abandons the character of a narrator of past events, and transfers himself to the present.

A conscientious (trustworthy) man, and acceptable to both' (Sulla and Bocchus).

"The king calls the quaestor Sulla a private person, being unwil ling, as a king, to allow any one a public character who is not, like himself, a king. But in the opinion of the Romans, the quaestor Sulla was by no means a private person.

I have assisted many at their request, and others of my own

ceteri dolere solent, ego laetor; fuerit mihi eguisse aliquando amicitiae tuae, qua apud animum meum nihil carius habeo. Id adeo experiri licet:2 arma, viros, pecuniam, postremo quidquid animo libet, sume, utere; et quoad vives, nunquam tibi redditam gratiam putaveris; semper apud me integra3 erit; denique nihil me sciente frustra voles. Nam, ut ego aestimo, regem armis quam munificentia vinci minus flagitiosum est.4 Ceterum de re publica vestra, cujus curator huc missus es, paucis accipe. Bellum ego populo Romano neque feci neque factum umquam volui:5 fines meos adversum armatos armis tutatus sum. Id omitto, quando vobis ita placet; gerite quod vultis cum Jugurtha bellum. Ego flumen Mulucham, quod inter me et Micipsam fuit, non egrediar neque id intrare Jugurtham sinam. Praeterea si quid meque vobisque dignum petiveris, haud repulsus abibis.›6

111. Ád ea Sulla pro se breviter et modice, de pace et de communibus rebus multis disseruit. Denique regi patefecit,. 'quod polliceatur, senatum et populum Romanum, quoniam amplius armis valuissent, non in gratiam habituros; faciundum aliquid, quod illorum magis quam sua rettulisse videretur; id adeo in promptu esse, quoniam Jugurthae copiam haberet; quem si Romanis tradidisset, fore, ut illi plurimum deberetur; amicitiam, foedus, Numidiae partem, quam nunc peteret, tunc ultro adventuram.'s Rex primo negitare;9 affi

accord (unasked), while I myself was in need of no man's assist

ance.

1 Fuerit mihi eguisse, the concessive mood: 'granting that it was the case that I needed,' might also have been expressed simply by eguerim.

2 This you may try at once.' For this meaning of adeo, whereby that which precedes is confirmed by the result, see Zumpt, § 281. Unimpaired,' 'in the same condition.'

We should express the same idea rather thus: regem munificentia vinci flagitiosius est, quam armis.

About factum volui, see Zumpt, § 611.

Your wish will not be refused by me.' Bocchus no doubt here alludes to the surrender of Jugurtha, but he is yet doubtful as to whether it is worthy of himself.

What he promised them, they would not consider as a favour (as a thing for which they owed him gratitude); that he must do something beyond, something that might appear to be their interest more than his."

'Would then come to him,' implying an advantage gained without exertion.

9

Negitare, a rare word, but very expressive; for the simple negare, in a case like this, is stronger than a repeated assertion that you cannot, or will not, do a certain thing. The affinitas (connexion by marriage) refers to what is mentioned chap. 80, a daughter of