poets it is also formed in the present after the third conjugation; as potitur with i short, Virg. Æn. S. 6. auro vi potitur) sortior allot, obtain by lot. Yet the following are irregular: Adsentior, (also adsentio; see above,) adsensus sum as

sent.

Metior, mensus sum measure;

with its compounds. Ordior, orsus sum begin; with

its compounds.

Orior, ortus sum spring up, arise, (of the sun): so its compounds. Note. Orior

is also formed after the third conj. We also find oreris,

oritur, oreretur: see above, in the third conj. Opperior, oppertus or opperitus sum wait. Perior is not used (as perio); yet we have peritus, properly a participle: hence seems to come, comperior find out, learn; for which comperio, eri, ertum is more usual; and experior, ertus sum try, learn by experience, suffer.

F. The periphrastic conjugation is formed by uniting the verb sum with the participles, particularly

those in us.

1.) With the future participle in rus; as sum, es, est futurus, ra, rum, I am to be, I shall be, &c.: and so through all the modes and tenses, and through all the conjugations.

Infinitive.

Amaturus, a, um : um, am, um: i, æ, a: os, as, a :

}

esse.

fuisse.

2.) Sum through its various modes and tenses is in the same way combined with the perf. part. in us, and the passive fut. part. in dus.

Note. To avoid confusion, the learner should further observe, with respect to verbs;

1.) That there are some, which whether transitives or intransitives end in o, and likewise as deponents in or, which latter the learner may easily mistake for passives. Yet, generally, one termination is more usual than the other: sometimes they are both very common; as adulor, adulo: dispertior, dispertio: revertor, reverto &c. To these belong also mereo and mereor, merit; yet mereo rather means to earn, e. g. gold, pay, as merere stipendia, merere equo to serve on horseback; but mereor, to merit or to be worthy, also to make himself worthy they are, however, often used in the same sense. In the same way fenero and feneror, mutuo and mutuor, pignero and pigneror may be distinguished: but mutuo and mutuor have the same sense: so commonly fenero and feneror, viz. lend money except that feneror, Pandect. 46. 3. 52, also means, borrow on interest: pignerare 1.) pledge, 2.) make sure: pignerari make sure, confirm.

II.) Many verbs with the same termination are used both intransitively (neuters) without an accusative, and transitively with one; as,

a) Intransitively (as neuters)
without an accusative.
Differo, differ from:
Habito, dwell, e. g. in loco:
Incolo, dwell, e. g. in loco:
Maneo, remain, e. g. in urbe:

Moror, stay, e. g. in loco:

b) Transitively (as actives)

with an accusative.
Differo, defer, delay.
Habito, inhabit, e. g. locum.
Incolo, inhabit, e. g. locum.
Maneo, await, e. g. mors omnes

manet.

Moror, delay, e. g. aliquem: it. non hoc moror, I ask not thereon.

Vario, alter, change, scil. me: Vario, alter or change: Ovid.

R. am. 525. both occur: Nam,quoniam variant animi, variamus et artes.

Transigere, settle matters, cum Transigere, transact, e. g. rem.

aliquo :

Coeo, meet with others, e. g. in Coeo, e. g. fœdus, make a treaty:
fœdus.
Cic. Rosc. Am. 34.
Concedo, give way, e. g. alicui: Concedo, give up, yield, e. g.

rem.

Calleo, have swellings or Calleo, understand accurately,

Convenire, come together, as. Convenire aliquem, meet any

semble:

Solvo (navem intell.) set sail :
Consulo alicui, care for one:
Tendere sub pellibus, encamp.
under skins:
Duco, hold, think:

Quærere ex aliquo, ask of:

one; speak with.

Solvo, loose, unloose.

Consulo aliquem, consult one.
Tendere, stretch out.

Duco, guide, carry on, e. g.
bellum.
Quærere aliquem, scek.

Animadvertere in, punish:

Animadvertere aliquid, per

ceive.

More examples may be readily supplied by experienced teachers: they are very useful, even as respects conjugating. For all these verbs in o, inasmuch as they take an accusative, have an entire passive; but in other senses, they have not: e. g. from duco lead, guide, we have ducor, duceris, ducimur, ductus sum, es &c.; but from duco am of opinion, ducor &c. cannot be used: it is the same with quæro &c. They are also useful with respect to deponents; since if they take an accusative, they have a future part. in dus.

Aggero, is, from gero, bring to.
Appello (adp.), is, come to land.
Colligo, is, from lego, collect.

III.) Sometimes two verbs have the same form in the first person of the present, and yet are different in conjugation and sense. In these a learner may be easily deceived: e. g. Aggero, as, heap, from agger: Appello (adp.) as, name: Colligo, as, from ligo, fasten together: Compello, as, address: Colo, as, strain through a sieve: Deligo, as, from ligo, tie to: Dico, as, dedicate: Indico, as, indicate : Prædico, as, proclaim:

Educo, as, educate:

Effero, as, make wild:

Fundo, as, found:

Lego, as, send :

(adl.), relego.

Compello, is, compel.
Colo, is, dwell, till &c.
Deligo, from lego, select.
Dico, is, say.

Indico, is, declare.

Prædico, is, foretell.

Educo, is, lead forth; some

times bring up, educate.

Effero, fers, carry out.

Fundo, is, pour.

so allego Lego, is, read; so allego (adl.),

Mando, as, command:
Obsero, as, bolt:

Resero, as, open:

Volo, as, fly:

relego.

Mando, is, chew.

Obsero, is, sow.
Resero, is, sow again.

Volo, vis, will.

IIII.) Different verbs have the same perfect, as;

Consto, consisto, constiti: exsto, exsisto, exstiti: insto, insisto, institi: aceo (or acesco), acuo, acui: cresco, cerno, (when it does not mean see,) crevi: frigeo, frigo, frixi: fulgeo, fulcio, fulsi: luceo, lugeo, luxi: mulceo, mulgeo, mulsi: paveo, pasco, pavi: pendeo, pendo, pependi.

V.) Different verbs have the same supine.

Cresco, cerno (when it does not mean see), cretum: maneo, mando, mansum: pando, patior, passum: pango, paciscor, pactum: sto, sisto, statum: succenseo, succendo, succensum : teneo, tendo, tentum: vinco, vivo, victum : verro, verto, versum.

§ 6.

Of Irregular Verbs, or Verbs which do not exactly follow the Four Conjugations.

They are called irregular, or by the Greeks, anomalous: they are sum with its compounds, including possum; fero, volo, nolo, malo, edo, fio, eo, queo, nequeo,

veneo.

I.) Sum: which has already been given.

II.) Possum, can, am able, is compounded of the adjective potis, pote, and sum: it stands therefore for potis sum; as potis est occurs for potest, potis sunt for possunt, potis sit for possit, potesse for posse: e. g. Virg. Æn. 11. 148, At non Evandrum potis est vis ulla tenere: so potis est, Terent. Eun. 2. 2. 32. Adelph. 4. 1. 5. Lucret. 2. 849 and 911: 5. 718. Catull. 65. 24. Cic. Tusc. 2. 16, cited from a poet, and elsewhere, whether a nominative of the masc. fem. or neut. gend. precede: also potis sunt for possunt, Varr. R. R. 2. 2: Plaut. Poen. 1. 2. 17. The perfect is