Indicative. Conjunctive. Pres. edo, edis and ēs, edit and Pres. edam &c. is regular. ēst edimus, editis and estis, edunt. Imp. edebam &c. is regular. Perf. edi is regular. Fut. Perf. edero is regular. Imperative. Imp. ederem and essem, ede- Perf. ederim is regular. Infinitive. Pres. ede and es. Plur. edite Pres. and Imp. edere and esse. and este. Perf. and Plup. edisse. Gerunds and Supines are re Fut. 2.) edito and esto. 3.) Fut. esse esurus &c. edito and esto. Plur. 2.) editote and ēstote. 3.) edunto.. gular. Participles. edens and esurus. 13., bibitur, estur Estur ut occulta part. pass. esus, a, Note. The compounds are the same: comedo, comedis and comes &c. exedo, exedis, and exes &c. We also find in the pass. estur for editur, Plaut. Poen. 4. 2. quasi in popina. Ovid. Pont. 1. 1. 69., vitiata teredine navis; so Celsus. 5. 27. 3: um, Gell. 9. 6. Priscian. 10. also cites the supine estum. We have also esus sum &c. for edi, Solin. 17 (27). They anciently said edim, is &c. for edam, as, Plaut. Aul. 3. 2. 16. Capt. 3. 1. 1. Pœn. 4. 2. 45: 3. 1. 34. Cæcil. and Pompon. ad Non. 10. 18. VI.) Fio, factus sum, fieri, am, or am made, is the passive of facio instead of facior, and in the tenses, which come from the present, follows audio: the infinitive and perfect, with the tenses thence derived, are conjugated as passives. Indicative. Conjunctive. Pres. fio, fis, fit: fimus, fitis, Pres. fiam, as, at &c. fiunt. Indicative. Imp. fiebam, as, at &c. Perf. sum with the part. fac tus: factus sum &c. Plup. factus eram &c. Fut. fiam, ēs, et &c. Conjunctive. Imp. fierem, es, et &c. Perf. factus sim &c. Plup. factus essem &c. Fut. Perf. factus ero or fuero Fut. Perf. fails. &c. Imperative. Infinitive. Pres. fi, fite. Fut. fito, fito; Pres. and Imp. fierī. fitote, fiunto. Perf. and Plup. factus esse &c. Gerunds and Supines fail. fiens (cited by Diomedes 1). 2.) Perf. and Plup. factus. Fut. faciendus.-Note. faciundus is also used. Note. 1.) The third personal termination in the sing. is often used impersonally fit it happens: fiebat it happened: factum est: factum erat: fiet: factum fuerit. So also in the conj. fiat, fieret &c. 2.) Fimus, fitis, fis, and the imperative are rarely found. Fimus occurs Terent. Heaut. 3. 1. 74. Arnob. 2.: fis, Horat. Horat. Sat. 2. 5. 38: ep. 2. 2. 211: fi, Plaut. Pers. 1. 1. 39: fite, Plaut. Curc. 1.2.63: Pœn. Prol. 8. Fior was also used: fitur, Cato apud Prisc. 8: fiebantur, Cato, ibid.: fitum est, Liv. in Odyss. ap. Non. 7. 62. Facior was used for fio; facitur, Nigid. ap. Non. 10. 19: faciatur, Titinn. ibid.: Petron. 71. § 10. 3.) Like fio are conjugated its compounds calefio, arefio &c.: all compounds of facio, which retain a, have fio in the passive; as liquefacio, liquefio &c. But those compounds which change facio into ficio, have the regular passive in ficior, and are of the third conjugation; as efficio, efficior, efficeris &c.: so conficio, perficio, and others. VII. Eo, ivi or ii, itum, ire, go, follows the fourth conjugation, and is irregular in but few instances. Indicative. Conjunctive. Pres. eo, is, it īmus, ītis, eunt. Pres. eam, eās, eat: eāmus, eātis, eant. Imp. ībam, ās, at: amus, tis, Imp. īrem, īrēs, īret &c. ant. Perf. ivi or i, ivistī, ivit: Perf. iverim or ierim, is, it &c. ivimus &c. Plup. iveram or ieram, ās, at Plup. ivissem or issem, ēs, et &c. &c. Fut. ibo, ibis, ibit: ibimus, Fut. iturus sim &c. ibitis, ībunt. Fut. Perf. iverō, is, it &c. Imperative. Pres. i, ite. Fut. ito, ito: itōte, euntō. Note. As we often find &c. so also isti, issem &c.; Fut. Perf. fails. Infinitive. Pres. and Imp. ire. Perf. and Plup. ivisse. Fut. iturus esse. Gerunds. eundum, di, do &c. Supines. itum, itu. Part. Pres. iens: G. euntis. audisti, audissem &c. for audivisti Note. 1.) In the passive, we have only the third personal termination, since eo does not govern an accusative: this is used impersonally; as, Pres. itur they go; Conj. eatur: Imperf. ibatur; Conj. iretur: Perf. itum est; Conj. itum sit: Plup. itum erat; Conj. itum esset: Fut. ibitur: Fut. Perf. itum fuerit. In the Infinitive we have, Pres. iri (which is particu larly used for the indirect future of the infin. of all passive verbs): Perf. itum esse. 2.) Like eo are conjugated its compounds, abeo, adeo &c. They mostly reject v in the perfect, and the tenses thence derived; as adii, adiisti (adisti), adiit, adiimus &c.: adierim, adieram, adiissem (adissem), adiero, adiisse (adisse): and thus in the other compounds, ambio excepted, which follows regularly the fourth conjugation, like audio: ambio, is, it: imus, itis, iunt: Conjunct. ambiam, as &c.: Part. ambiens, G. ambientis, not ambeuntis. Circumeo sometimes rejects m before i, as circuit for circumit, circuire. VIII. Queo can, nequeo can not, veneo am sold (from venum sale, and eo go), follow eo; except that they have no imperative, and that the two first have no gerunds, the last no gerunds, supines, nor participles. Indicative. Pres. queo, quis, quit: quimus, Conjunctive. Pres. queam, ās, at: āmus, ātis, ant. Imp. quirem, és &c. Perf. quiverim (quierim) &c. Plup. quivissem &c. or quissem, e. g. quissent, Auson. epig. 139. (131.) 7. Fut. quibo, is, it: imus, itis, Fut. quiturus sim &c. unt. Fut. Perf. quiverō (quiero), is, it &c. Imperative fails. Infinitive. Pres. and Imp. quire. Perf. and Plup. quivisse and quisse: e. g. Lucret. 5. 1421, Fut. esse quiturus &c. Gerunds fail. Supines quitum, quitu. Part. Pres. quiens, Apuleii Met. 6. Fut. quiturus. Thus is conjugated nequeo, by prefixing ne throughout; as nequeo, nequis &c. Note. Many parts of queo seldom occur; as quibo, quiens &c.: it is the same with nequeo; whence nequeo, nequeunt, nequeam, as, at, amus, atis, ant, are often found. We also find the passive queatur with an infin. passive, as Lucret. 1. 104. suppleri queatur: so quitur, e. g. sarciri quitur, Cæcil. ap. Diom. 1: queuntur percipi, Acc. ibid.: subigi queantur, Plaut. Pers. 2. 2. 12. impelli quitus est, Acc. ap. Diom. 1: so quita est, Terent. Hec. 4. 1. 57, forma in tenebris nosci non quita est: so nequitur, Plaut. Rud. 4. 4. 20: Sallust. Iug. 31 (S4): Plaut. ap. Fest.: nequitum, Pacuv. and Cato ap. Fest. Veneo follows eo: we have only throughout to prefix ven; as, Ind. Pres. veneo, venis &c. Imp. venībam and veniēbam. Perf. venivi or venii, veniisti, veniit &c. Plup. venieram. Fut. venībo. Fut. Perf. veniero &c. Conjunc. Pres. veneam, as &c. Imp. venirem &c. Perf. venierim (more usual than veniverim) &c. Plup. veniissem &c. Fut. fails. Imperat. fails. Infinit. Pres. and Imp. venire. Perf. and Plup. venisse. Fut. fails; also Gerunds, Supines, and Participles. Note. We also find fut. veniet for venibit, Inscrip. ap. Murator. 1311. 2. We find the passive, e. g. venear, Plaut. ap. Diomed. 1: veneatur, Titian. de Agricult. ibid. : venītum is found for venitum with penul. short, Sedul. Hymn. 1. 21. § 7. Of Defective Verbs. Defective verbs are those, of which all the modes, tenses, numbers, and persons, are not used by the ancients. Amongst these, innumerable verbs might be reckoned for in how many does the supine fail! Not to mention that many tenses occur only in later writers; e. g. quiens from queo occurs perhaps for the first time, Apuleii Metam. 6 and 9. We shall only mention those which are commonly assigned to this class. I.) Aio say, affirm, say aye: of this the following are used: |